Poor diet quality among Brazilian adolescents with HIV/AIDS

Tanaka, Luana Fiengo; Latorre, Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira; Silva, Aline Medeiros da; Konstantyner, Thais Claudia Roma de Oliveira; Mendes, Elissa Caroline; Marques, Heloísa Helena Sousa

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2014.06.007

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Original Articles • J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) 91 (2) • Mar-Apr 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2014.06.007 copy

Poor diet quality among Brazilian adolescents with HIV/AIDS ^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Tanaka LF, Latorre MR, Silva AM, Konstantyner TC, Mendes EC, Marques HH. Poor diet quality among Brazilian adolescents with HIV/AIDS. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2015;91:152-9.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to assess diet quality among adolescents with HIV/AIDS.

METHOD:

A cross-sectional study was conducted involving patients with HIV/AIDS treated in a referral hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Eighty-eight adolescents (10-19 years of age) participated in the study. Information on disease history and use of medication were obtained from medical records. The participants responded to two 24-hour diet recalls. Diet quality was assessed by means of the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) adapted to the Brazilian population. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated. Mean HEI-2005 scores were compared according to the independent variables using either the Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney test.

RESULTS:

The mean HEI-2005 score was 51.90 (SE = 0.90). The components with the lowest means were whole grains and sodium. Components with highest means were total grains and oils. No correlations were found between the independent variables and HEI score. Adolescents living in foster homes had higher means for total fruit and lower means for meat and beans in comparison to adolescents living with their families. Girls had higher means for milk and lower means for calories from solid fats, alcoholic beverages, and added sugars in comparison to boys.

CONCLUSIONS:

Adolescents with HIV/AIDS exhibited a similar eating pattern to that of adolescents in the general population: high consumption of added sugar, saturated fat, and sodium, and insufficient ingestion of whole grains and fruits. Special attention should be paid to the diet of adolescents with HIV/AIDS, who are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.

Adolescent; Food consumption; Healthy eating index; HIV/AIDS

Variable	Category	n	%
Sex	Male	40	45.5
	Female	48	54.5
Age at onset of study	10 - 13 years	24	27.3
	13 - 16 years	33	37.5
	16 - 20 years	31	35.2
Ethnicity	White	41	46.6
	Non-white	47	53.4
Residence	With family	80	90.9
	Foster home	8	9.1
Caregiver^a	Biological/adoptive parents	48	63.2
	Other relatives	28	36.8
Household income^b	< 1 minimum wage ^c	49	77.8
	≥ 1 minimum wage^c	14	22.2
Education^d	Elementary school	8	14.3
	High school	48	85.7
Height for age at onset of study^e	Inadequate	13	15.7
	Adequate	70	84.3
Nutritional status at onset of study	Underweight	6	6.8
	Ideal range	67	76.1
	Overweight/obese	15	17.1
Waist circumference (cm) at onset of study	54 - 68 cm	29	33.7
	69 - 76 cm	29	33.7
	76 - 104 cm	28	32.6
CDC classification at onset of study	N1 to B3	57	64.8
	C1 to C3	31	35.2
Sedentary lifestyle	Yes	62	70.5
	No	26	29.5

Variable	Category	Mean (SEM)	p-value
Sex	Male	51.90 (0.90)	0.459
	Female	52.63 (1.35)
Ethnicity	White	50.30 (1.22)	0.097
	Non-white	53.29 (1.28)
Residence	With family	51.70 (0.92)	0.496
	Foster home	53.84 (3.68)
Caregiver^a	Biological/adoptive parents	50.79 (1.29)	0.304
	Other relatives	52.86 (1.40)
Nutritional status at onset of study	Overweight/obese	52.41 (2.69)	0.296
	Underweight/ideal range	51.79 (0.94)
CDC classification at onset of study	N1 to B3	51.95 (1.14)	0.943
	C1 to C3	51.81 (1.48)
Severe illness	Yes	52.23 (1.53)	0.778
	No	51.70 (1.12)
Mild/moderate illness	Yes	51.79 (0.92)	0.517
	No	55.03 (5.15)
Hospitalization	Yes	51.44 (1.16)	0.355
	No	53.37 (1.45)
Number of hospitalizations	Up to 3	51.26 (1.09)	0.306
	4 or more	53.25 (1.58)
Chemoprophylaxis (Pneumocystis jiroveci or Mycobacterium tuberculosis)	Yes	52.52 (1.02)	0.174
	No	49.39 (1.97)
Use of antiretroviral therapy at onset of study	Yes	51.87 (0.91)	0.816
	No	53.28 (8.02)
Type of antiretroviral therapy at onset of study	Double	49.97 (1.41)	0.116
	Triple/quadruple	52.94 (1.14)
Sedentary lifestyle	Yes	52.32 (1.03)	0.476
	No	50.90 (1.83)

	Total			Boys			Girls
Component	Mean (SEM)	% 0^a	% Max^b	Mean (SEM)	% 0^a	% Max^b	Mean (SEM)	% 0^a	% Max^b	p^c
Total fruit	2.05 (0.19)	21.6	11.4	2.24 (0.30)	22.5	15.0	1.89 (0.24)	20.8	8.3	0.348
Whole fruit	1.66 (0.19)	34.1	10.2	1.61 (0.29)	32.5	12.5	1.70 (0.24)	35.4	8.3	0.742
Total vegetables	4.37 (0.11)	0.0	60.2	4.33 (0.17)	0.0	62.5	4.40 (1.38)	0.0	58.3	0.917
Dark green vegetables, orange vegetables and legumes	4.51 (0.14)	6.8	79.6	4.44 (0.19)	5.0	72.5	4.56 (0.20)	8.3	85.4	0.155
Total grains	4.92 (0.25)	0.0	83.0	4.89 (0.04)	0.0	80.0	4.94 (0.30)	0.0	85.4	0.435
Whole grains	0.14 (0.05)	72.7	0.0	0.16 (0.07)	70.0	0.0	0.13 (0.06)	75.0	0.0	0.612
Milk	5.02 (0.22)	2.3	2.3	4.53 (0.28)	0.0	2.5	5.43 (0.31)	4.2	2.1	-
Meat and beans	9.11 (0.17)	1.1	59.1	8.86 (0.31)	2.5	60.0	9.32 (0.16)	0.0	58.3	0.612
Oils	9.54 (0.14)	0.0	84.1	9.64 (0.19)	0.0	87.5	9.46 (0.20)	0.0	81.3	0.418
Saturated fat	3.78 (0.38)	0.0	14.8	3.80 (0.57)	0.0	17.5	3.77 (0.50)	0.0	12.5	0.840
Sodium	0.37 (0.13)	86.4	0.0	0.09 (0.05)	90.0	0.0	0.60 (0.23)	83.3	2.1	0.279
Calories from solid fats, alcoholic beverages, and added sugars	6.43 (0.53)	13.6	0.0	8.03 (0.77)	7.5	0.0	5.09 (0.69)	18.8	0.0	-
HEI-2005	51.90 (0.90)	0.0	0.0	52.63 (1.35)	0.0	0.0	51.29 (1.22)	0.0	0.0	0.459

Variable	Family Mean (SEM)	Foster home Mean (SEM)	p^a
Total fruit	1.91 (0.19)	3.45 (0.62)	-
Whole fruit	1.61 (0.19)	2.13 (0.66)	0.407
Total vegetables	4.33 (0.11)	4.73 (0.19)	0.309
Dark green and orange vegetables and legumes	4.47 (0.15)	4.85 (0.15)	0.543
Total grains	4.91 (0.03)	4.97 (0.03)	0.674
Whole grains	0.14 (0.05)	0.20 (0.13)	0.390
Milk	4.93 (0.23)	5.92 (0.49)	0.131
Meat and beans	9.19 (0.18)	8.27 (0.50)	-
Oils	9.56 (0.14)	9.40 (0.60)	0.864
Saturated fat	3.83 (0.39)	3.31 (1.33)	0.450
Sodium	0.41 (0.14)	0.01 (0.01)	0.817
Calories from solid fats, alcoholic beverages and added sugars	6.41 (0.56)	6.59 (1.78)	0.948
HEI-2005	51.70 (0.92)	53.85 (3.68)	0.783

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[1] * Corresponding author.E-mail: luanaft@usp.br (L.F. Tanaka).

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Poor diet quality among Brazilian adolescents with HIV/AIDS ☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Tanaka LF, Latorre MR, Silva AM, Konstantyner TC, Mendes EC, Marques HH. Poor diet quality among Brazilian adolescents with HIV/AIDS. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2015;91:152-9.

OBJECTIVE:

METHOD:

RESULTS:

CONCLUSIONS:

Poor diet quality among Brazilian adolescents with HIV/AIDS ^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Tanaka LF, Latorre MR, Silva AM, Konstantyner TC, Mendes EC, Marques HH. Poor diet quality among Brazilian adolescents with HIV/AIDS. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2015;91:152-9.