Parental tobacco consumption and child development

Santos, Nadine F.; Costa, Raquel A.

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2014.09.006

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Original Articles • J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) 91 (4) • Aug 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2014.09.006 copy

Parental tobacco consumption and child development^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Santos NF, Costa RA. Parental tobacco consumption and child development. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2015;91:366-72.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

To analyze the association between parental tobacco consumption and the prevalence of psychomotor development disorders in children between 6 and 22 months of age.

METHOD:

One hundred and nine mothers, fathers, and their babies participated in the study. The sociodemographic and clinical conditions were assessed using questionnaires. Tobacco consumption was assessed using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Child development was evaluated using the Scale of Psychomotor Development in Early Childhood.

RESULTS:

There was a significant negative correlation between the father's morning smoking (FTND) and the child's language development quotient; r = -0.41, p = 0.005, r²2 Blanchard KA, Sexton CC, Morgenstern J, McVeigh KH, McCrady BS, Morgan TJ, et al. Children of substance abusing women on federal welfare: implications for child well-being and TANF policy. J Hum Behav in the Social Env. 2005;12:89-110. = 0.15. The children of mothers without nicotine dependence had a higher mean language development quotient than children of mothers with nicotine dependence; F(1, 107) = 5.51, p = 0.021, ?_p ²2 Blanchard KA, Sexton CC, Morgenstern J, McVeigh KH, McCrady BS, Morgan TJ, et al. Children of substance abusing women on federal welfare: implications for child well-being and TANF policy. J Hum Behav in the Social Env. 2005;12:89-110. = 0.05.

CONCLUSION:

Parental smoking appears to have a detrimental effect on child development.

Psychomotor development; Tobacco use; Parenting

	Mother (n = 109)	Father (n = 109)
	%	%
Age
< 36	58.7	45.0
≥ 36	41.3	55.0

Years of schooling
< 9	20.2	31.2
≥ 9	79.8	68.8

Marital status
Married	82.6	82.6
Single	11.9	11.9
Separated/Divorced	5.5	5.5

Professional status
Student	1.8	-
Employed	74.3	82.6
Unemployed	19.3	17.4
Homemaker	4.6	-

Physical diseases
Yes	1.8	7.3
No	98.2	92.7

Psychological diseases
Yes	0.9	-
No	99.1	100

Medical/psychological treatment
Yes	7.3	5.5
No	92.7	94.5

Number of children
1	40.4	40.4
2	35.8	38.5
3 or more	23.8	21.1
	M (SD)
Number of previous pregnancies	2.23 (1.27)
Number of previous miscarriages	0.27 (0.63)

Development quotient	Nicotine dependence			Cigarette consumption			Morning smoking
	r	p	r²	r	p	r²	r	p	r²
MOTHER (n=109)
Postural	-0.17	0.399	-0.01	-0.13	0.514	-0.02	-0.26	0.196	0.03
Visual-Motor	-0.09	0.650	-0.03	-0.06	0.785	-0.04	-0.18	0.382	-0.01
Language	-0.29	0.143	0.05	-0.25	0.215	0.02	-0.37	0.055	0.11
Social	-0.10	0.621	-0.03	-0.05	0.792	-0.04	-0.23	0.241	0.02
Overall	-0.14	0.486	-0.02	-0.09	0.661	-0.03	-0.27	0.176	0.04

FATHER (n=109)
Postural	0.02	0.896	-0.02	0.01	0.943	-0.02	-0.02	0.899	-0.02
Visual-Motor	0.03	0.841	-0.02	0.01	0.955	-0.02	0.04	0.808	-0.02
Language	-0.31	0.035	0.08	-0.30	0.043	0.07	-0.41	0.005	0.15
Social	-0.22	0.144	0.03	-0.27	0.072	0.05	-0.16	0.298	0.00
Overall	-0.13	0.389	-0.01	-0.15	0.305	0.00	-0.15	0.320	0.00

Development quotient	MOTHER				FATHER
	Without nicotine dependence (FTND < 7) (n = 82) M (SD)	With nicotine dependence (FTND ≥ 7) (n = 27) M (SD)	p	?_p²	Without nicotine dependence (FTND < 7) (n = 82) M (SD)	With nicotine dependence (FTND ≥ 7) (n = 27) M (SD)	p	?_p²
Postural^a	97.61 (16.54)	98.04 (17.49)	0.909	0.00	98.79 (17.36)	96.24 (15.81)	0.433	0.01
Visual-motor^a	91.29 (12.20)	85.59 (11.19)	0.034	0.04	90.71 (12.71)	88.74 (12.19)	0.405	0.01
Language^a	84.55 (16.36)	76.07 (15.96)	0.021	0.05	83.16 (15.94)	81.48 (17.60)	0.604	0.00
Social^a	92.20 (12.96)	88.00 (12.67)	0.145	0.02	92.33 (13.42)	89.54 (12.55)	0.269	0.01
				d				d
Overall^b	91.50 (14.27)	88.00 (11.14)	0.248	0.27	90.81 (15.24)	90.39 (11.12)	0.875	0.03

	MOTHER			FATHER
Development Quotient	Without nicotine dependence	With nicotine dependence		Without nicotine dependence	With nicotine dependence
	(FTND < 7) (n = 82)	(FTND ≥ 7) (n = 27)		(FTND < 7) (n = 63)	(FTND ≥ 7) (n = 46)
	%	%	V	%	%	V
			.12			.10
Lower DQ^a	7.3	7.4		7.9	6.5
Normal^a DQ^a	70.7	81.5		69.9	78.3
Upper DQ^a	22.0	11.1		22.2	15.2

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E-mail: jped@jped.com.br

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail: nadifernandessantos@gmail.com (N.F. Santos).

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Parental tobacco consumption and child development☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Santos NF, Costa RA. Parental tobacco consumption and child development. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2015;91:366-72.

OBJECTIVE:

METHOD:

RESULTS:

CONCLUSION:

Parental tobacco consumption and child development^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Santos NF, Costa RA. Parental tobacco consumption and child development. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2015;91:366-72.