Ages and Stages Questionnaire, 3rd ed. (ASQ-3)4747 Squires J, Twombly E, Bricker D, Potter L. The ASQ-3™ user’s guide. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing; 2009.
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Communication, gross motor skills, fine motor skills, personal/social problem solving. Each domain contains six questions about important milestones of development appropriate for each age group, totaling 30 items. It comprises 21 questionnaires for each age interval (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33, and 36 months). The ASQ-3 has been translated into Portuguese and validated in Brazil.4848 Filgueiras A, Pires P, Maissonette S, Landeira-Fernandez J. Psychometric properties of the Brazilian-adapted version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire in public child daycare centers. Early Hum Dev. 2013;89:561-76. Product Information: www.brookespublishing.com
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1-66 months |
10-20 min |
The answers to each question may be: "Yes" (10 points), "Sometimes" (5 points) and "Not yet" (0 points). Responses are converted into scores for each of the five domains and are compared to standard values for age. Scores equal to or below the cutoff indicate developmental delay |
Sensitivity: 82-89%; specificity: 77-92% |
Parents/caregivers. Scoring of the questionnaire should be carried out by healthcare professionals |
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Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE-2)4949 Squires J, Bricker D, Twombly E. The ASQ:SE user’s guide for the Ages & Stages Questionnaires®: Social-Emotional: a parent-completed, child-monitoring system for social-emotional behaviors. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing;2002.
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It was designed to identify children that need further evaluation in the area of social and emotional development, including self-regulation, communication, autonomy, coping, and relationship. It consists of nine questionnaires for ages 2, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 60 months. English and Spanish versions are available. Product Information: www.brookespublishing.com
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1-72 months |
10-15 min |
Each questionnaire generates a single score, which, if above the cutoff, differently from the ASQ-3, indicates developmental delay |
Sensitivity: 71-85%; specificity: 90-98% |
The same as above |
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Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Screening Test III, 3rd ed.5050 Bayley N. Bayley scales of infant and toddler development. Screening test manual. 3rd ed. Oxford: PsychCorp; 2006.
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Cognition, language (expressive and receptive), motor skills (gross and fine). The questions were selected from the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (3rd ed.). In each item, there are two response options, depending on the observation of the behavior: "1" if present and "0" if absent. English and Spanish versions are available. Product Information: www.harcourtassessment.com
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1-42 months |
15-25 min |
The evaluation of each domain produces scores, allowing the examiner to compare them with the cutoff for each age and classify the child's development as "Risk", "Emerging" and "Competent" |
Accuracy ranged from moderate to good in relation to the Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development III |
Direct administration by trained professional |
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Denver Developmental Screening Test II, 2a ed. (DDST-II)5151 Frankenburg WK, Dodds J, Archer P, Shapiro H, Bresnick B. The Denver II: a major revision and restandardization of the Denver Developmental Screening Test. Pediatrics. 1992;89:91-7.
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Motricity (gross and fine), language and personal-social competence. It presents 125 items divided into four domains and four age groups. It also has a pre-screening developmental questionnaire (PDQ-II), consisting of 91 questions extracted from the DDST-II. A Portuguese version of the Denver II test is available.5252 Souza SC, Leone C, Takano OA, Moratelli HB. Development of children enrolled in preschools in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2008;24:1917-26.
Product Information: www.denverii.com
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1-72 months |
10-20 min |
The child is categorized as "Approved/Not approved" at each question and the answers are checked whether they are within the expected range of normal development for each age. The child is classified as "Normal," "Suspected," or "Delayed" |
Sensitivity: 56-83%; specificity: 43-80% |
Direct administration by trained professional and interview with parents about some items |
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Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT)5353 Robins DL, Fein D, Barton ML, Green JA. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers: an initial study investigating the early detection of autism and pervasive developmental disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2001;31:131-44.
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To identify children at risk for autism spectrum disorder. It has a mean of 23 items with "Yes" and "No" responses. It addresses social interaction, communication, shared attention, symbolic play and social referencing. The M-CHAT scale has been translated and validated into Portuguese.5454 Lopásio MF, Pondé MP. Tradução para o português da escala M-CHAT para rastreamento precoce de autismo. Rev Psiquiatr Rio Gd Sul. 2008;30:221-9. There is a new version of the M-CHAT-R/F that has not been translated into Portuguese yet. Product Information: www.firstsigns.org or www.mchatscreen.com
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16-30 months |
5-10 min |
Children who fail a total of 3 or more items or in two or more critical items should be referred for diagnostic assessment by a specialist in evaluating ASD in very young children |
Sensitivity: 85-87%; specificity: 93-99% |
Parents/caregivers |
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Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Scale (SNAP-IV), abridged version5555 Swanson JM. School-based assessments and interventions for ADD students. Irvine, CA: KC Publishing; 1992.
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It assesses the severity of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity through quantitative scores. There are 18 items (nine symptoms of inattention, six of hyperactivity and four of impulsivity) with 4 levels of severity: "Not at all," "Just a little," "Enough," and "Too much". There is a translated and adapted version for the Portuguese language.5656 Mattos P, Serra-Pinheiro MA, Rohde LA, Pinto D. Apresentação de uma versão em português para uso no Brasil do instrumento MTA-SNAP-IV de avaliação de sintomas de transtorno do déficit de atenção/hiperatividade e sintomas de transtorno desafiador e de oposição. Rev Psiquiatr Rio Gd Sul. 2006;28:290-7.
Product Information: www.tdah.org.br
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6-18 years |
5-10 min |
If at least six items from items 1-9 are marked as "Enough" or "Too much," there are more symptoms of inattention than expected. If at least six items from items 10-18 are marked as "Enough" or "Too much", there are more symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity than expected |
Lack of publications on psychometric properties |
Parents/caregivers or teachers |
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Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)5757 Goodman R. Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001;40:1337-45.
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Screens for mental health problems in five areas: four on difficulties (emotional symptoms, behavioral problems, hyperactivity/inattention, and peer relationship problems) and one on abilities (prosocial behavior). It has 25 items, divided into 5 subscales. Response options for each alternative: "False" (zero), "More or less true" (one point), and "True" (two points). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire has been translated into Portuguese and validated for Brazil.5858 Saur AM, Loureiro SR. Qualidades psicométricas do Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades: revisão da literatura. Estud Psicol (Campinas). 2012;29:619-29. Product Information: http://www.sdqinfo.com
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2-17 years |
5-10 min |
There is a version to be answered by parents and teachers of children aged 2-4 and 4-17 years. There is also a version for adolescents aged 11-17 years. Total and sub-scale scores are obtained, generating three categories: "Normal," "Borderline," and "Abnormal" |
Sensitivity: 85%; specificity: 80% |
Parents/caregivers, teachers and the children aged 11-17 years |