Antunes et al. (2010) |
Cross-sectional Duque de Caxias, RJ; 2005 |
n = 384 6-30 months |
24-h recall (2 days) |
Consumption below recommendations for vegetables and dairy products. The higher the degree of food insecurity, the lower the protein and iron intake. |
Azevedo et al. (2010) |
Cross-sectional Recife, PE; 2007 |
n = 344 24-60 months |
Direct weighing + 24-h recall (2 applications in 20% of children) |
Median consumption of vitamin A higher than the EAR for children aged 24-47 months and older than 47 months. |
Barbosa et al. (2006) |
Longitudinal Ilha de Paquetá, RJ; 2003 |
n = 20 2-3 years |
Initial assessment by dietary history and after 6 months by direct weighing of food and food diaries (2 days) |
After 6 months of day care attendance, more children reached the recommendation for: meat (55-80%), fat (45-55%) and fruit consumption (20-85%). The percentage of the group of cereals remained unchanged (20%) and milk decreased (45-35%). No child reached the recommendation for the consumption of vegetables. |
Beinner et al. (2010) |
Longitudinal Diamantina, MG; 2006 |
n = 176 6-24 months |
Food diary (3 days) |
The average dietary consumption of zinc was higher than the recommendations. 30.6% of children ingested an amount of Zn below the EAR and 19.4%, higher than the UL. |
Bernardi et al. (2011) |
Cross-sectional Caxias do Sul, RS; 2007 |
n = 362 2-6 years |
Direct weighing + food diary (1 day) |
56.5% of the daily food intake of iron was provided by the school; 62.7% of the daily calcium intake, 55.3% of vitamin A intake and 51.4% of zinc intake were provided by the home. Children in private schools had higher intake of iron and vitamin A; those in public schools had higher consumption of zinc and calcium. According to household records 86.8% of children consumed dairy meals. |
Bueno et al. (2013) |
Cross-sectional Multicentric (9 Brazilian cities); 2007 |
n = 3058 2-6 years |
Direct weighing + food diary (1 day) |
The mean fat intake for children aged 2-3 years was lower than the recommended energy percentage. Higher consumption of sodium and saturated fat was observed for 90% and 30% of children, respectively. |
Caetano et al. (2010) |
Longitudinal Curitiba, São Paulo and Recife; 2005 |
n = 179 4-12 months |
Food diary (7 days) |
High frequency of weekly consumption of processed foods, soft drinks and artificial juices. High quantitative inadequacy of micronutrients: zinc (75%), iron (45%), vitamin A (38%), calcium (15%). |
Castro et al. (2009) |
Cross-sectional Assis Brasil and Acrelândia, AC; 2003 |
n = 69 0 and 24 months |
Usual daily food intake |
High intake of carbohydrate and cow's milk. Irregular consumption of fruits, vegetables, beans and meat. Consumption above and below the recommendations for protein and iron, respectively, in all age groups. |
Cavalcante et al. (2006) |
Cross-sectional Viçosa, MG; 2003-2004 |
n = 174 12-35 months |
24-h recall + food frequency questionnaire (1 day) |
Prevalence of inadequate intakes: vitamin A (36.8%), iron (13.2%) and zinc (99.4%). Consumption below the recommended level for lipids. |
Costa et al. (2011) |
Cross-sectional Gameleira - PE and São João do Tigre - PB; 2005 |
n = 445 0-23 months |
24-h recall |
Energy, macro- and micronutrients above recommendations, except: Vitamin A (children 7-11 months) showed median values below the AI; iron below and zinc and calcium above the references in all age groups. |
Domene et al. (2006) |
Cross-sectional Campinas, SP |
n = 94 2 and 6 years |
Direct weighing + 24-h recall |
Lower consumption of vegetables and fruits, cereals and fats. Higher consumption of food sources of protein (meat, dairy products and legumes), rich in sugar and saturated fat. |
Fernandes et al. (2005) |
Cross-sectional Recife, PE; 1997-1999 |
n = 311 6-59 months |
Direct weighing + 24-h recall |
78.0% of the children had adequate vitamin A intake. Higher proportion of vitamin A consumption of animal origin (58%). |
Fidelis et al. (2007) |
Cross-sectional Pernambuco: metropolitan region of Recife, urban and rural countryside; 1997 |
n = 948 0-5 years |
24-h recall |
Deficit of energy and excess protein was high in all age groups and geographical areas. High incidence of inadequate iron and zinc intake in different age groups. |
Garcia et al. (2011) |
Cross-sectional Acrelândia, AC; 2007-2008 |
n = 164 (127 with survey) 6-24 months |
Usual daily food intake |
Ingestion of vitamin A (42%), zinc (46%) and iron (71%) below recommendations. Low consumption of fruits, vegetables and meat; excessive consumption of cow milk and porridge. |
Levy-Costa, Monteiro (2004) |
Cross-sectional São Paulo, SP; 1995-1996 |
n = 1280 (598 with survey) 0 and 59 months |
24-h recall |
It was observed that 1.1 mg/1000 kcal of iron were heme iron and 4.3 mg/1000 kcal were non-heme iron. |
Menezes et al. (2007) |
Cross-sectional Pernambuco: metropolitan region of Recife, urban and rural countryside (1997) |
n = 948 0-60 months |
24-h recall |
High occurrence of energy intake inadequacy, especially in the age groups of 48-60 months and 0-6 months. Protein intake above recommendations, in all age groups. |
Oliveira et al. (2005) |
Cross-sectional Salvador, BA; 1996 |
n = 724 0-24 months |
24-h recall |
Average energy and protein consumption was higher than recommendations for all age groups. Carbohydrates contributed with the highest percentage to the total energy value of the diet and this percentage increased with age, while the contribution of lipids decreased. |
Oliveira et al. (2006) |
Cross-sectional Pernambuco: metropolitan region of Recife, urban and rural countryside (1997) |
n = 746 6-59 months |
24-h recall |
High consumption of cow's milk (88.9%), especially whole milk powder (47.8%) and liquid milk (24.1%). Only 7.5% of children consumed modified or infant formula. |
Portella et al. (2010) |
Cross-sectional Belém, PA; 2005-2006 |
78 food samples 6-18 months |
24-h recall (two) + chemical analysis of food |
All samples analyzed showed amounts of iron below the recommended minimum. Excess sodium was found in 89.2 and 31.7% of samples from low and high socioeconomic status groups, respectively. |
Rauber et al. (2013) |
Longitudinal São Leopoldo, RS; 2001-2002 |
n = 345 3-4 years |
24-h recall (two) |
Only 9.6% of children had a good dietary pattern. Dietary variety and dairy consumption was higher and consumption of total and saturated fat was lower among children whose mothers had higher educational level. |
Salles-Costa (2010) |
Cross-sectional Rio de Janeiro - metropolitan region; 2005 |
n = 383 6-30 months |
24-h recall (two) |
Age and food insecurity affected the mean servings of food groups consumed by children. The variance ratio was higher for groups with moderate to severe food insecurity than those with food security; especially for protein in children aged 6-17 months and carbohydrates, for those aged 18-30 months. |
Vitolo et al. (2007) |
Longitudinal São Leopoldo, RS; 2001-2002 |
n = 369 <1 year |
24-h recall |
Meat consumption among children aged 12-16 months was present in 78.4% of surveys, but the consumed portion was insufficient. Higher iron and vitamin C intakes were associated with the absence of anemia. |
Vitolo et al. (2010) |
Longitudinal São Leopoldo, RS; 2001-2002 |
n = 345 3-4 years |
24-h recall (two) |
Dietary advice for mothers during the first year of life was associated with better-quality diet at 3-4 years. Greater number of servings of vegetables and fruits and a greater variety of the diet was observed in the intervention group, in addition to lower consumption of cholesterol. The groups did not differ regarding the consumption of meat, milk, sodium, and fat. |