Reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in adolescents☆

Passos, Muana H.P.; Silva, Hítalo A.; Pitangui, Ana C.R.; Oliveira, Valéria M.A.; Lima, Alaine S.; Araújo, Rodrigo C.

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2016.06.006

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Original articles • J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) 93 (2) • Mar/Apr 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2016.06.006 copy

Reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in adolescents^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Passos MH, Silva HA, Pitangui AC, Oliveira VM, Lima AS, Araújo RC. Reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2017;93:200-6.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Methods:

309 adolescents, subdivided into a sample of 209 subjects, of whom 25 were reassessed, and another sample of 100 adolescents. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α-values, intraclass correlation coefficient, Standard Error of Measure, Minimum Detectable Change, and Bland-Altman plotting. Exploratory analysis of the questionnaire components was performed based on the sample of 209 adolescents. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed with a sample of 100 individuals.

Results:

The sample of 209 participants had a mean age of 14.38 (±1.94) years, comprising 80 (38.3%) girls and 129 (61.7%) boys. The sample of 100 adolescents had a mean age of 13.66 (±2.35) years, comprising 51 (51%) girls and 49 (49%) boys. The questionnaire obtained a Standard Error of Measure = 1.12 and Minimum Detectable Change = 3.10. Cronbach's α was 0.71 and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.21-0.85). The factor analysis showed that the best model of components was the one that consisted of two factors, excluding the component on the use of sleep medications.

Conclusion:

The questionnaire showed high internal consistency and moderate reliability. Furthermore, a model with two factors seems to be the most appropriate to evaluate the quality of sleep in adolescents.

KEYWORDS
Factor analysis; Sleep disorders; Adolescents; Reproducibility of results

Component	Factor loading			Correlation
	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3
Subjective quality of sleep	0.92	0.04	-0.04	0.87	0.12	0.24
Sleep latency	0.91	0.02	-0.08	0.83	0.11	0.22
Sleep duration	0.15	0.82	-0.10	0.21	0.85	0.03
Habitual sleep efficiency	-0.03	0.79	0.15	0.08	0.78	0.10
Sleep disorders	0.48	-0.04	0.46	0.37	0.05	0.83
Use of sleep medications	-0.06	0.04	0.86	0.06	0.06	0.61
Daytime dysfunction	0.55	0.23	0.32	0.76	0.19	0.31
% Variance explained (total: 66.74)	33.57	18.50	14.66

Component	Two-factor model				Two-factor model after excluding component 6
	Factor loading		Correlation		Factor loading		Correlation
	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 1	Factor 2
Subjective quality of sleep	0.91	0.01	0.83	0.13	0.91	0.01	0.83	0.12
Sleep latency	0.89	-0.02	0.79	0.11	0.89	-0.02	0.79	0.11
Sleep duration	0.13	0.76	0.19	0.81	0.13	0.79	0.19	0.85
Habitual sleep efficiency	-0.01	0.81	0.09	0.76	-0.01	0.81	0.09	0.78
Sleep disorders	0.53	0.07	0.60	0.07	0.53	0.04	0.60	0.05
Use of sleep medications	0.04	0.26	0.07	0.32	-	-	-	-
Daytime dysfunction	0.59	0.29	0.75	0.20	0.59	0.27	0.75	0.20
% Variance explained	33.56	18.51		Total = 52.07	39.05	21.36		Total = 60.41

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:muana.pereira@hotmail.com (M.H. Passos).