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Fetoscopic tracheal occlusion for severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia: retrospective study This work realized at the Departamento de Anestesiologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brasil.

Abstract

Background and objectives:

The temporary fetal tracheal occlusion performed by fetoscopy accelerates lung development and reduces neonatal mortality. The aim of this paper is to present an anesthetic experience in pregnant women, whose fetuses have diaphragmatic hernia, undergoing fetoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO).

Method:

Retrospective, descriptive study, approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Data were obtained from medical and anesthetic records.

Results:

FETO was performed in 28 pregnant women. Demographic characteristics: age 29.8 ± 6.5; weight 68.64 ± 12.26; ASA I and II. Obstetric: IG 26.1 ± 1.10 weeks (in FETO); 32.86 ± 1.58 (reversal of occlusion); 34.96 ± 2.78 (delivery). Delivery: cesarean section, vaginal delivery. Fetal data: Weight (g) in the occlusion and delivery times, respectively (1045.82 ± 222.2 and 2294 ± 553); RPC in FETO and reversal of occlusion: 0.7 ± 0.15 and 1.32 ± 0.34, respectively. Preoperative maternal anesthesia included ranitidine and metoclopramide, nifedipine (VO) and indomethacin (rectal). Preanesthetic medication with midazolam IV. Anesthetic techniques: combination of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (5-10 mg) and sufentanil; continuous epidural predominantly with 0.5% bupivacaine associated with sufentanil, fentanyl, or morphine; general. In 8 cases, there was need to complement via catheter, with 5 submitted to PC and 3 to BC. Thirteen patients required intraoperative sedation; ephedrine was used in 15 patients. Fetal anesthesia: fentanyl 10-20 mg.kg-1 and pancuronium 0.1-0.2 mg.kg-1 (IM). Neonatal survival rate was 60.7%.

Conclusion:

FETO is a minimally invasive technique for severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair. Combined blockade associated with sedation and fetal anesthesia proved safe and effective for tracheal occlusion.

KEYWORDS
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia; Prenatal diagnosis; Tracheal occlusion; Fetoscopy; Fetal surgery; Anesthesia

Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia R. Professor Alfredo Gomes, 36, 22251-080 Botafogo RJ Brasil, Tel: +55 21 2537-8100, Fax: +55 21 2537-8188 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
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