Prevalence and factors associated with frailty in non-institutionalized older adults

Carneiro, Jair Almeida; Ramos, Gizele Carmem Fagundes; Barbosa, Ana Teresa Fernandes; Mendonça, José Marcio Girardi de; Costa, Fernanda Marques da; Caldeira, Antônio Prates

doi:10.1590/0034-7167.2016690304i

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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RESEARCH • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 69 (03) • May-Jun 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167.2016690304i copy

Prevalence and factors associated with frailty in non-institutionalized older adults

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with frailty in non-institutionalized older adults living in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Method:

data were collected in their homes, in 2013, based on a census cluster sampling. Demographic and socioeconomic variables, morbidities, utilization of health care services, and scores on the Edmonton Fragility Scale were analyzed. The adjusted prevalence ratios were obtained using the Poisson regression multiple analysis with robust variance.

Results:

the prevalence of frailty was 41.3%. The variables associated with frailty were: female gender, very old age, education of less than four years, not having been hospitalized in the last 12 months, having a caregiver, falling in the prior year, diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease, and osteoarticular disease.

Conclusion:

the prevalence of frailty was high. Some factors consist of modifiable conditions, which should encourage health actions aimed at this group.

Descriptors:
Aged; Health Vulnerability; Frail Elderly; Prevalence; Health of the Elderly

Variables	n	%
Gender
Female	327	64.0
Male	184	36.0
Age group
≥ 80 years	106	20.7
65-79 years	405	79.3
Self-reported skin color
Non-white	339	66.3
White	172	33.7
Marital status
With partner	253	49.5
Without a partner	258	50.5
Family arrangement
Lives alone	61	12.0
Does not live alone	450	88.0
Education
0-4 years	411	80.4
> 4 years	100	20.6
Able to read
No	169	33.1
Yes	342	66.9
Religious practice
No	97	19.0
Yes	414	81.0
Own income
No	28	5.5
Yes	483	94.5
Monthly family income
< R$ 678.00^* *()** Current minimum wage = US$ 346.82.	149	29.2
> R$ 678.00^* *()** Current minimum wage = US$ 346.82.	362	70.8
Smoking
Yes	208	40.7
No	303	59.3
Hypertension
Yes	369	72.2
No	142	27.8
Diabetes mellitus
Yes	114	22.3
No	397	77.7
Cardiac disease
Yes	131	25.6
No	380	74.4
Osteoarticular disease
Yes	182	35.6
No	329	64.4
Osteoporosis
Yes	143	28.0
No	368	72.0
Has a caregiver
Yes	104	20.4
No	407	79.6
Falls in the last 12 months
Yes	148	29.0
No	363	71.0
Medical appointment in the last 12 months
Yes	458	89.6
No	53	10.4
Hospitalization in the prior year
Yes	411	80.4
No	100	19.6

Independent variables	Frailty
	Yes		No
	n	%	n	%	PR	95% CI	P value
Gender
Female	150	71.1	177	59.0	1.096	1.02-116	0.005
Male	61	28.9	123	41.0	1
Age group
≥ 80 years	73	34.6	33	11.0	1.260	1.18-1.34	0.000
65-79 years	138	65.4	267	89.0	1
Self-reported skin color
Non-white	143	67.8	196	65.3	1.019	0.95-1.08	0.566
White	68	32.2	104	34.7	1
Marital status
With partner	92	43.6	161	53.7	0.933	0.87-0.99	0.024
Without a partner	119	56.4	139	46.3	1
Family arrangement
Lives alone	26	12.3	35	11.7	1.011	0.92-1.10	0.822
Does not live alone	185	87.7	265	88.3	1
Education
0-4 years	190	90.0	221	73.7	1.209	1.12-1.30	0.000
> 4 years	21	10.0	79	26.3	1
Knows how to read
No	121	57.3	221	73.7	1.132	1.06-1.20	0.000
Yes	90	42.7	79	26.3	1
Religious practice
No	159	75.4	255	85.0	1.110	1.03-1.19	0.005
Yes	52	24.6	45	15.0	1
Own income
No	11	5.2	17	5.7	0.985	0.86-1.12	0.825
Yes	200	94.8	283	94.3	1
Monthly family income
< R$ 678.00^* *()** Current minimum wage = US$ 346.82; PR – Prevalence Ratio; CI – Confidence interval.	73	34.6	76	25.3	1.079	1.01-1.15	0.022
> R$ 678.00^* *()** Current minimum wage = US$ 346.82; PR – Prevalence Ratio; CI – Confidence interval.	138	65.4	224	74.7	1

Independent variables	Frailty
	Yes		No
	n	%	n	%	PR	95% CI	P value
Smoking
Yes	85	40.3	123	41.0	0.995	0.93-1.05	0.871
No	126	59.7	177	59.0	1
Hypertension
Yes	168	79.6	201	67.0	1.117	1.04-1.19	0.001
No	43	20.4	99	33.0	1
Diabetes mellitus
Yes	64	30.3	50	16.7	1.139	1.06-1.21	0.000
No	147	69.7	250	83.3	1
Cardiac disease
Yes	85	40.3	46	15.3	1.238	1.16-1.31	0.000
No	126	59.7	254	84.7	1
Osteoarticular disease
Yes	94	44.5	88	29.3	1.119	1.05-1.18	0.000
No	117	55.5	212	70.7	1
Osteoporosis
Yes	78	37.0	65	21.7	1.135	1.06-1.21	0.000
No	133	63.0	235	78.3	1
Has a caregiver
Yes	80	37.9	24	8.0	1.338	1.26-1.41	0.000
No	131	62.1	276	92.0	1
Falls in the prior 12 months
Yes	85	40.3	63	21.0	1.169	1.09-1.24	0.000
No	126	59.7	237	79.0	1
Medical appointment in the prior 12 months
Yes	198	93.8	260	86.7	1.150	1.04-1.26	0.009
No	13	6.2	40	13.3	1
Hospitalization in the prior year
Yes	69	32.7	31	10.3	1.256	1.17-1.33	0.000
No	142	67.3	269	89.7	1

Independent Variables	PR	95% CI	P value
Gender
Female	1.058	1.00-1.11	0.046
Male	1
Age group
>80 years	1.113	1.04-1.19	0.001
65-79 years	1
Gender
Female	1.112	1.03-1.18	0.002
Male	1
Hospitalization in the prior year
No	1.173	1.10-1.24	0.000
Yes	1
Has a caregiver	1.225	1.15-1.30	0.000
Yes	1
No
Falls in the prior 12	1.085	1.02-1.15	0.006
Yes	1
No
Diabetes mellitus	1.105	1.04-1.17	0.001
Yes	1
No
Cardiac disease	1.107	1.04-1.17	0.001
Yes	1
No
Osteoarticular disease	1.071	1.03-1.13	0.013
Yes	1
No

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Fernanda Marques Costa. E-mail: fernandafjjf@yahoo.com.br