Adherence to standard precautions in a teaching hospital

Ferreira, Lúcia Aparecida; Peixoto, Camila de Assunção; Paiva, Luciana; Silva, Quenia Cristina Gonçalves da; Rezende, Marina Pereira; Barbosa, Maria Helena

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0138

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RESEARCH • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 70 (1) • Jan-Feb 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0138 copy

Adherence to standard precautions in a teaching hospital

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

analyze related factors and the level of adherence to standard precautions of nursing professionals from the clinical medical division of a teaching hospital.

Method:

a quantitative, cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted with 54 nursing professionals using the Psychometric Scale of Adherence to Standard Precautions, translated and validated to Brazilian Portuguese.

Results:

the global score of adherence was intermediate (4.41); no statistically significant correlation was observed between adherence and professional category (p=0.404) and length of professional practice (p= 0.612). A correlation was observed between 'Washes hands after removing disposable gloves' (p=0.026) and professionals with nursing practice above 10 years.

Conclusion:

adherence to standard precautions by the nursing team was intermediate, with no statistically significant difference in relation to the professional category and length of professional practice.

Descriptors:
Universal Precautions; Nursing Team; Exposure to Biological Agents; Occupational Risks; Personal Protective Equipment

Items of the Scale of Adherence to Standard Precautions	Description
Item 1	Disposes perforating and cutting objects in proper containers.
Item 2	Treats all patients as if they were contaminated by HIV.
Item 3	Follows all SPs with all patients, regardless of their diagnosis.
Item 4	Washes hands after removing disposable gloves.
Item 5	Wears a protective apron when clothes can be dirty with blood or another secretion.
Item 6	Wears disposable gloves in situations of possible contact with blood or another secretion.
Item 7	Wears safety goggles in situations of possible contact with blood or another secretion.
Item 8	Wears a disposable mask in situations of possible splash of blood or another secretion.
Item 9	Cleans immediately with a disinfectant all spills of blood or another secretion.
Item 10	Handles with care scalpels or other perforating and cutting objects.
Item 11	Recaps needles to puncture patients’ veins.
Item 12	Wears gloves to puncture patients’ veins.
Item13	Considers all materials in contact with patients’ saliva as contaminated.

Variables	f	%
Sex
Male	15	27.8
Female	39	72.2
Age (years)
20 – 29	15	27.8
30 – 39	22	40.7
40 – 49	12	22.2
50 or more	5	9.3
Professional category
Nurse	12	22.2
Nursing technician	40	74.1
Nursing aide	2	3.7
Length of professional practice (years)
<6	22	40.7
6 – 10	17	31.5
>10	15	27.8
Another employment bond
Yes	11	20.4
No	43	79.6
Weekly working hours
≤36	44	81.5
37 - 40	1	1.8
>40	7	13.0
No answer	2	3.7
Hospital training on PPE
Yes	39	72.2
No	14	25.9
Does not remember	1	1.9

Items of the Scale of Adherence to Standard Precautions	Always		Very often		Sometimes		Rarely		Never		No answer		Mean	Standard deviation
	5		4		3		2		1		No answer
	f	%	f	%	f	%	f	%	f	%	f	%
Item 1	53	98.1	1	1.9	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4.98	0.136
Item 2	32	59.3	12	22.2	8	14.8	1	1.9	1	1.9	0	0	4.35	0.935
Item 3	32	59.3	19	35.2	3	5.6	0	0	0	0	0	0	4.54	0.605
Item 4	38	70.4	11	20.4	4	7.4	0	0	0	0	1	1.9	4.64	0.623
Item 5	39	72.2	11	20.4	2	3.7	2	3.7	0	0	0	0	4.61	0.738
Item 6	50	92.6	4	7.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4.93	0.264
Item 7	25	46.3	17	31.5	12	22.2	0	0	0	0	0	0	4.24	0.799
Item 8	35	64.8	13	24.1	6	11.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	4.54	0.693
Item 9	38	70.4	11	20.4	2	3.7	1	1.9	1	1.9	1	1.9	4.58	0.819
Item 10	47	87.0	5	9.3	2	3.7	0	0	0	0	0	0	4.83	0.466
Item 11	4	7.4	3	5.6	7	13.0	15	27.8	25	46.3	0	0	2.00	1.229
Item 12	39	72.2	10	18.5	3	5.6	1	1.9	0	0	1	1.9	4.64	0.682
Item 13	42	77.8	11	20.4	1	1.9	0	0	0	0	0	0	4.76	0.473

Items of the Scale of Adherence to Standard Precautions	Professional category				Length of professional practice
Items of the Scale of Adherence to Standard Precautions	Nurse (X̅ ± SD )	Nursing technician (X̅ ± SD )	Nursing aide (X̅ ± SD )	p value	<6 years (X̅ ± SD )	6 – 10 years (X̅ ± SD )	>10 years (X̅ ± SD )	p value
Item 1	4.92 ± 0.289	5.00 ± 0.000	5.00 ± 0.000	0.174	5.00 ± 0.000	4.94 ± 0.243	5.00 ± 0.000	0.337
Item 2	4.33 ± 0. 778	4.38 ± 1.005	4.00 ± 0.000	0.436	4.50 ± 0. 673	4.29 ± 1.160	4.20 ± 1.014	0.759
Item 3	4.42 ± 0.515	4.60 ± 0.632	4.00 ± 0.000	0.135	4.68 ± 0.568	4.47 ± 0.624	4.40 ± 0.632	0.267
Item 4	4.58 ± 0.669	4.65 ± 0.622	5.00 ±^ = Group with less than two cases.	0.769	4.50 ± 0.673	4.53 ± 0.717	5.00 ± 0.000	0.026
Item 5	4.50 ± 0.674	4.65 ± 0.770	4.50 ± 0.707	0.426	4.45 ± 0.963	4.65 ± 0.606	4.80 ± 0.414	0.620
Item 6	4.92 ± 0.289	4.93 ± 0.267	5.00 ± 0.000	0.917	4.91 ± 0.294	4.88 ± 0.332	5.00 ± 0.000	0.421
Item 7	4.17 ± 0.835	4.25 ± 0.809	4.50 ± 0.707	0.876	4.45 ± 0.671	3.94 ± 0.827	4.27 ± 0.884	0.151
Item 8	4.42 ± 0.793	4.55 ± 0.677	5.00 ± 0.000	0.516	4.55 ± 0.671	4.47 ± 0.717	4.60 ± 0.737	0.777
Item 9	4.50 ± 0.905	4.59 ± 0.818	5.00 ± 0.000	0.637	4.59 ± 0.590	4.59 ± 0.795	4.57 ± 1.158	0.543
Item 10	4.67 ± 0.492	4.88 ± 0.463	5.00 ± 0.000	0.082	4.91 ± 0.294	4.71 ± 0.588	4.87 ± 0.000	0.306
Item 11	1.83 ± 0.718	2.00 ± 1.281	3.00 ± 2.828	0.853	1.95 ± 1.214	1.82 ± 0.951	2.27 ± 1.534	0.589^* * = Answered presuppositions to use ANOVA; SD = standard deviation;
Item 12	4.42 ± 0.669	4.72 ± 0.686	4.50 ± 0.707	0.112	4.59 ± 0.796	4.69 ± 0.704	4.67 ± 0.488	0.798
Item 13	4.67 ± 0.492	4.78 ± 0.480	5.00 ± 0.000	0.497	4.64 ± 0.581	4.82 ± 0.393	4.87 ± 0.091	0.335
Geral	4.33 ± 0.340	4.44 ± 0.288	4.23 ± 0.326	0.404	4.44 ± 0.238	4.35 ± 0.330	4.43 ± 0.356	0.612^* * = Answered presuppositions to use ANOVA; SD = standard deviation;

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Maria Helena Barbosa. E-mail: mhelena331@hotmail.com