Quality of life of elderly people with chronic kidney disease in conservative treatment

Pereira, Roberta Maria de Pina; Batista, Marcelo Aparecido; Meira, Aline de Sousa; Oliveira, Marília Pilotto de; Kusumota, Luciana

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0103

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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Sumário

RESEARCH • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 70 (4) • Jul-Aug 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0103 copy

Quality of life of elderly people with chronic kidney disease in conservative treatment

Calidad de vida de ancianos con enfermedad renal crónica en tratamiento conservador

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To describe the quality of life (QOL) of elderly people with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in conservative treatment, correlating it with sociodemographic and health-related aspects.

Method:

This is a quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive study that used: a previously validated instrument for data collection; the WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD QOL scales; and the Mini-Mental State Examination.

Results:

Thirty-five elderly people (54.30% females), with mean age of 68.26 years, took part in the study. They reported, on average, 3.70 comorbidities and 5.60 complications related to CKD. Regarding QOL, the "psychological" domain (54.40±16.29) and the "death and dying" facet (37.32±23.79) were considered the most damaged ones; the most strengthened were "social relationships" (70.36±18.32) and "intimacy" (66.61±16.80). A positive correlation was verified between comorbidities and complications (p = 0.015), and an inverse correlation between the number of complications and QOL (p = 0.004).

Conclusion:

These results, if considered during the care planning, may help improving the quality of the care provided for elderly people with CKD.

Descriptors:
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Elderly People; Quality of Life; Chronic Disease; Demographic Aging

Variables	n	%	Minimum	Maximum	Mean
Age (years)	35		60	87	68.26
Sex
Male	16	45.70
Female	19	54.30
Marital Status
Never got married or lived with a partner	5	14.30
Lives with spouse or partner	20	57.15
Separated or divorced	4	11.40
Widow	6	17.15
Years of study			0.3	14	3.94
Source of Income^* * More than one answer is allowed.
Retirement pension	27	77.10
Pension	5	14.30
Rent	3	8.60
Work	3	8.60
Benefit of the National Institute of Social Security	1	2.90
Total	35	100.00

Variables	n	%	Minimum	Maximum	Mean
Years of Treatment			0.50	21	4.62
Complications in Chronic Kidney Disease^* * More than one answer is allowed.			2	11	5.60
High pressure	27	77.10
Cramps	20	57.10
Anemia	19	54.30
Weight loss	19	54.30
Pain	18	51.40
Weakness	17	48.60
Weight gain	17	48.60
Constipation	15	42.90
Cardiac arrhythmia	12	34.30
Headache	10	28.60
Itch	10	28.60
Repetitive infections	8	22.90
Arterial hypotension	4	11.40
Comorbidities^* * More than one answer is allowed.			1	7	3.70
Visual Deficit	23	65.70
Systemic Arterial Hypertension	22	62.90
Diabetes mellitus	18	51.40
Cataract	16	45.70
Acute Myocardial Infarction	11	31.40
Varicose veins	9	25.70
Hearing loss	7	20.00
Cerebrovascular disease	5	14.30
Osteopathy	5	14.30
Malignant neoplasm	4	11.40
Cardiac Disease	3	8.60
Benign neoplasm	1	2.90
Malnutrition	1	2.90
Asthma	1	2.90
Tendinitis	1	2.90
Labyrinthitis	1	2.90
Thrombosis	1	2.90

Variables	Mean	Standard Deviation	Median	Minimum	Maximum
WHOQOL-BREF Domains
Physical domain	56.7347	15.77746	57.1429	21.43	89.29
Psychological domain	54.4048	16.29308	54.1667	12.50	91.67
Social Relationships domain	70.3571	18.32362	75.0000	25.00	100.00
Environment domain	60.0893	14.18119	62.5000	25.00	87.50
General Quality of Life	58.9117	12.76934	59.3750	32.29	87.50
WHOQOL-OLD Facets
Sensory abilities	42.8571	17.29282	43.7500	6.25	87.50
Autonomy	58.5714	19.76922	56.2500	0.00	93.75
Past. Present and Future Activities	63.3333	20.70549	62.5000	12.50	100.00
Social participation	64.7619	18.01650	68.7500	31.25	100.00
Death and dying	37.3214	23.79860	37.5000	0.00	93.75
Intimacy	66.6071	16.80766	68.7500	25.00	100.00
General Quality of Life	55.5888	13.02793	55.2083	27.08	81.25

Variables		Age (years)	Years of study	Nº of complications	Nº of comorbidities	WHOQOL-BREF general Quality of life	WHOQOL-OLD general Quality of life
Age (years)	Correlation coefficient	1.000	-0.287	-0.169	-0.022	0.026	0.164
	p		0.112	0.331	0.899	0.882	0.346
Years of study	Correlation coefficient	-0.287	1.000	-0.218	-0.048	0.057	0.041
	p	0.112		0.230	0.795	0.756	0.822
Nº of complications	Correlation coefficient	-0.169	-0.218	1.000	0.409^* * Moderate Correlation;	-0.471^* * Moderate Correlation;	-0.248
	p	0.331	0.230		0.015	0.004	0.151
Nº of comorbidities	Correlation coefficient	-0.022	-0.048	0.409^* * Moderate Correlation;	1.000	-0.249	-0.165
	p	0.899	0.795	0.015		0.149	0.343
WHOQOL BREF general Quality of life	Correlation coefficient	0.026	0.057	-0.471^* * Moderate Correlation;	-0.249	1.000	0.711^ Strong Correlation.
	p	0.882	0.756	0.004	0.149		0.000
WHOQOL OLD General Quality of life	Correlation coefficient	0.164	0.041	-0.248	-0.165	0.711^ Strong Correlation.	1.000
	p	0.346	0.822	0.151	0.343	0.000

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Luciana Kusumota. Email: kusumota@eerp.usp.br