Care provided by the father to the child with cancer under the influence of masculinities: qualitative meta-synthesis

Polita, Naiara Barros; Alvarenga, Willyane de Andrade; Leite, Ana Carolina Andrade Biaggi; Araújo, Jeferson Santos; Santos, Louise Bittencourt Paes Abreu dos; Zago, Márcia Maria Fontão; Montigny, Francine de; Nascimento, Lucila Castanheira

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0671

Naiara Barros Polita

Universidade de São Paulo, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, Postgraduate Program in Nursing. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

Willyane de Andrade Alvarenga

Universidade de São Paulo, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, Postgraduate Program in Nursing. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

Ana Carolina Andrade Biaggi Leite

Universidade de São Paulo, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, Postgraduate Program in Nursing. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

Jeferson Santos Araújo

Universidade de São Paulo, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, Postgraduate Program in Nursing. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

Louise Bittencourt Paes Abreu dos Santos

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Department of Nursing. Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Márcia Maria Fontão Zago

Universidade de São Paulo, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, Postgraduate Program in Nursing. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

Francine de Montigny

Université du Québec en Outaouais, Département des Sciences Infirmières. Gatineau, Quebec, Canada.

Lucila Castanheira Nascimento CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Lucila Castanheira Nascimento E-mail: lucila@eerp.usp.br

Universidade de São Paulo, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, Postgraduate Program in Nursing. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Lucila Castanheira Nascimento E-mail: lucila@eerp.usp.br

First author, year and country	Design	Data collection	Characterization of fathers
Chesler, 2001United States⁽²¹21 Chesler MA, Parry C. Gender roles and/or styles in crisis: an integrative analysis of the experiences of fathers of children with cancer. Qual Health Res [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14]; 11(3):363-84. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339080 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339... ⁾	Descriptive/Generic qualitative	Semi-structured in-depth interview and focus group	N=167; age not specified. Fathers mourning, fathers of children in different stages of treatment or survivors/cured. Children with various oncological diagnoses.
Liaschenko, 2001United States⁽²²22 Liaschenko J, Underwood SM. Children in research: fathers in cancer research - meanings and reasons for participation. J Fam Nurs [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(1):71-91. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/107484070 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1... ⁾	Descriptive/Generic qualitative	Semi-structured interviews	N=12; age=36-59; biological fathers. Fathers of children from 8 to 20 years old, on therapeutic and non-therapeutic cancer treatments.
McGrath, 2001Australia⁽²³23 McGrath P. Treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: the fathers' perspective. Aust Health Rev [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];4(2):135-42. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496455 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496... ⁾	Phenomenology	Unstructured interview	N= 4; age not specified. Fathers of children on treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), from newborns to 16-year-olds.
Neil-Urban, 2002United States⁽²⁴24 Neil-Urban S, Jones JB. Father-to-father support: Fathers of children with cancer share their experience. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2016 Sep 14];19(3):97-103. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066261 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066... ⁾	Phenomenology	Focus group and semi-structured interviews	N=10; age not specified. Seven biological fathers, two stepfathers and a grandfather of children on cancer treatment.
Jones, 2003Canada⁽²⁵25 Jones JB, Neil-Urban S. Father to Father: Focus group of fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2016 Sep 14];37(1):41-61. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J010v37n01_03 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.13... ⁾	Grounded theory	Focus Group	N=10; age=35-56. Seven biological fathers, two stepfathers and a grandfather of children between three and 16 years old on cancer treatment.
McGrath, 2003_aAustralia⁽²⁶26 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 1. Findings on the fathers' experience with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003a [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(1):4-12. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795040 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795... ⁾	Phenomenology	Unstructured interview	N=6; age= 24-54. Fathers of children between 17 months and 18 years old on ALL treatment.
McGrath, 2003_bAustralia⁽²⁷27 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 2. Findings on the fathers' hospital experience including restraining the child patient for treatment. The Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003b [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(2):5-10. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175278 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175... ⁾	Phenomenology	Unstructured interview	N=6; age=24-54. Fathers of children between 17 months and 18 years old on ALL treatment.
McGrath, 2004Australia⁽²⁸28 McGrath P, Chesler M. Fathers' perspectives on the treatment for Pediatric hematology: extending the findings. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2016 Sep 14];27:39-61. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204659 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204... ⁾	Phenomenology	Unstructured interview	N=6; age=24-54. Fathers of children between 17 months and 18 years old on ALL treatment.
Clarke, 2005Canada⁽²⁹29 Clarke JN. Fathers' home health care work when a child has cancer. Men and Masculinities [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(4):385-404. Available from: http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.abstract http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.a... ⁾	Descriptive/Generic qualitative	Unspecified interview	N=16; mean age= 44. Fathers of 10-year-old children in different stages of cancer treatment.
Hill, 2009Ireland⁽³⁰30 Hill K, Higgings A, Dempster M, Mccarthy A. Fathers' views and understanding of their roles in families with a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. J Health Psychol [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];14(8):1268-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858345 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858... ⁾	Phenomenology	Semi-structured in-depth interview	N=5; age=31-42. Biological fathers of children in ALL remission aged between 18 months and 7 years at the time of diagnosis.
Nicholas, 2009Canada⁽³¹31 Nicholas DB, Gearing RE, McNeill T, Fung K, Lucchetta S, Selkik EK. Experiences and resistance strategies utilized by fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];48(3):260-75. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360530 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360... ⁾	Grounded theory	Semi-structured interview	N=16; mean age=43. 14 biological fathers, a stepfather and an adoptive father of children between one and 17 years old on cancer treatment.
Wills, 2009China⁽³²32 Wills BSH. Coping with a child with acute lymphocytic leucemia: the experiences of chinese fathers in Hong Kong. Cancer Nurs [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];32(2):8-14. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125122 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125... ⁾	Descriptive/Generic qualitative	Semi-structured in-depth interview	N=9; mean age=38. Fathers of children newly diagnosed with ALL, aged between nine months and 14 years.
Dupas, 2012Brazil⁽³³33 Dupas G, Silva AC, Nunes MDR, Ferreira NMLA. Childhood cancer: the father's experience. Reme, Rev Min Enferm. 2012 Jul-Dez [cited 2016 Sep 14];16(3):348-54. Available from: http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/537# http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/5... ⁾	Grounded theory	Semi-structured interview	N=5; age not specified. Fathers of children on cancer treatment.
Nicholas, 2012Canada⁽³⁴34 Nicholas DB, Chahauver A, Brownstone D, Hetherington R, McNeill T, Bouffet E. Evaluation of an online peer support network for fathers of a child with a brain tumor. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Sep 14];51(3):232-45. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443403 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443... ⁾	Mixed method	Unspecified interview	N=21; age not specified. Fathers of children with brain tumor on different treatment modalities.
Hensler, 2013United States⁽³⁵35 Hensler MA, Katz ER, Wiener L, Berkow R, Madan-Swain A. Benefit finding in fathers of childhood cancer survivors: a retrospective pilot study. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];30(3):161-8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674549 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674... ⁾	Mixed method	Questionnaire and unstructured interview	N= 25; age not specified. Fathers of surviving children with a mean age of 11 years.
Silva, 2013Brazil⁽³⁶36 Silva LML, Melo MCB, Pedrosa ADOM. A vivência do pai diante do câncer infantil. Psicol Estud[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];18(3):541-50. Available from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a14.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a... ⁾	Descriptive/ Generic qualitative	Semi-structured interview	N=11; age= 27-53. Fathers of children on cancer treatment.

Question	Yes^* *()** Number of studies.	Partially reported ^* *()** Number of studies.	No^* *()** Number of studies.
1. Was there a clear statement of the aims of the research?	16⁽²¹21 Chesler MA, Parry C. Gender roles and/or styles in crisis: an integrative analysis of the experiences of fathers of children with cancer. Qual Health Res [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14]; 11(3):363-84. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339080 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339... 22 Liaschenko J, Underwood SM. Children in research: fathers in cancer research - meanings and reasons for participation. J Fam Nurs [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(1):71-91. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/107484070 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1... 23 McGrath P. Treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: the fathers' perspective. Aust Health Rev [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];4(2):135-42. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496455 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496... 24 Neil-Urban S, Jones JB. Father-to-father support: Fathers of children with cancer share their experience. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2016 Sep 14];19(3):97-103. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066261 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066... 25 Jones JB, Neil-Urban S. Father to Father: Focus group of fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2016 Sep 14];37(1):41-61. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J010v37n01_03 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.13... 26 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 1. Findings on the fathers' experience with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003a [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(1):4-12. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795040 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795... 27 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 2. Findings on the fathers' hospital experience including restraining the child patient for treatment. The Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003b [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(2):5-10. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175278 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175... 28 McGrath P, Chesler M. Fathers' perspectives on the treatment for Pediatric hematology: extending the findings. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2016 Sep 14];27:39-61. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204659 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204... 29 Clarke JN. Fathers' home health care work when a child has cancer. Men and Masculinities [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(4):385-404. Available from: http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.abstract http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.a... 30 Hill K, Higgings A, Dempster M, Mccarthy A. Fathers' views and understanding of their roles in families with a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. J Health Psychol [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];14(8):1268-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858345 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858... 31 Nicholas DB, Gearing RE, McNeill T, Fung K, Lucchetta S, Selkik EK. Experiences and resistance strategies utilized by fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];48(3):260-75. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360530 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360... 32 Wills BSH. Coping with a child with acute lymphocytic leucemia: the experiences of chinese fathers in Hong Kong. Cancer Nurs [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];32(2):8-14. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125122 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125... 33 Dupas G, Silva AC, Nunes MDR, Ferreira NMLA. Childhood cancer: the father's experience. Reme, Rev Min Enferm. 2012 Jul-Dez [cited 2016 Sep 14];16(3):348-54. Available from: http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/537# http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/5... 34 Nicholas DB, Chahauver A, Brownstone D, Hetherington R, McNeill T, Bouffet E. Evaluation of an online peer support network for fathers of a child with a brain tumor. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Sep 14];51(3):232-45. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443403 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443... 35 Hensler MA, Katz ER, Wiener L, Berkow R, Madan-Swain A. Benefit finding in fathers of childhood cancer survivors: a retrospective pilot study. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];30(3):161-8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674549 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674... ^-³⁶36 Silva LML, Melo MCB, Pedrosa ADOM. A vivência do pai diante do câncer infantil. Psicol Estud[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];18(3):541-50. Available from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a14.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a... ⁾	0	0
2. Is a qualitative methodology appropriate?	16⁽²¹21 Chesler MA, Parry C. Gender roles and/or styles in crisis: an integrative analysis of the experiences of fathers of children with cancer. Qual Health Res [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14]; 11(3):363-84. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339080 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339... 22 Liaschenko J, Underwood SM. Children in research: fathers in cancer research - meanings and reasons for participation. J Fam Nurs [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(1):71-91. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/107484070 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1... 23 McGrath P. Treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: the fathers' perspective. Aust Health Rev [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];4(2):135-42. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496455 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496... 24 Neil-Urban S, Jones JB. Father-to-father support: Fathers of children with cancer share their experience. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2016 Sep 14];19(3):97-103. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066261 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066... 25 Jones JB, Neil-Urban S. Father to Father: Focus group of fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2016 Sep 14];37(1):41-61. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J010v37n01_03 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.13... 26 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 1. Findings on the fathers' experience with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003a [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(1):4-12. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795040 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795... 27 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 2. Findings on the fathers' hospital experience including restraining the child patient for treatment. The Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003b [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(2):5-10. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175278 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175... 28 McGrath P, Chesler M. Fathers' perspectives on the treatment for Pediatric hematology: extending the findings. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2016 Sep 14];27:39-61. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204659 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204... 29 Clarke JN. Fathers' home health care work when a child has cancer. Men and Masculinities [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(4):385-404. Available from: http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.abstract http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.a... 30 Hill K, Higgings A, Dempster M, Mccarthy A. Fathers' views and understanding of their roles in families with a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. J Health Psychol [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];14(8):1268-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858345 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858... 31 Nicholas DB, Gearing RE, McNeill T, Fung K, Lucchetta S, Selkik EK. Experiences and resistance strategies utilized by fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];48(3):260-75. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360530 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360... 32 Wills BSH. Coping with a child with acute lymphocytic leucemia: the experiences of chinese fathers in Hong Kong. Cancer Nurs [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];32(2):8-14. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125122 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125... 33 Dupas G, Silva AC, Nunes MDR, Ferreira NMLA. Childhood cancer: the father's experience. Reme, Rev Min Enferm. 2012 Jul-Dez [cited 2016 Sep 14];16(3):348-54. Available from: http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/537# http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/5... 34 Nicholas DB, Chahauver A, Brownstone D, Hetherington R, McNeill T, Bouffet E. Evaluation of an online peer support network for fathers of a child with a brain tumor. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Sep 14];51(3):232-45. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443403 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443... 35 Hensler MA, Katz ER, Wiener L, Berkow R, Madan-Swain A. Benefit finding in fathers of childhood cancer survivors: a retrospective pilot study. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];30(3):161-8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674549 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674... ^-³⁶36 Silva LML, Melo MCB, Pedrosa ADOM. A vivência do pai diante do câncer infantil. Psicol Estud[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];18(3):541-50. Available from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a14.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a... ⁾	0	0
3. Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research?	12⁽²³23 McGrath P. Treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: the fathers' perspective. Aust Health Rev [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];4(2):135-42. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496455 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496... 24 Neil-Urban S, Jones JB. Father-to-father support: Fathers of children with cancer share their experience. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2016 Sep 14];19(3):97-103. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066261 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066... 25 Jones JB, Neil-Urban S. Father to Father: Focus group of fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2016 Sep 14];37(1):41-61. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J010v37n01_03 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.13... ^-²⁶26 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 1. Findings on the fathers' experience with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003a [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(1):4-12. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795040 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795... ^,²⁸28 McGrath P, Chesler M. Fathers' perspectives on the treatment for Pediatric hematology: extending the findings. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2016 Sep 14];27:39-61. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204659 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204... 29 Clarke JN. Fathers' home health care work when a child has cancer. Men and Masculinities [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(4):385-404. Available from: http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.abstract http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.a... 30 Hill K, Higgings A, Dempster M, Mccarthy A. Fathers' views and understanding of their roles in families with a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. J Health Psychol [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];14(8):1268-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858345 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858... ^-³¹31 Nicholas DB, Gearing RE, McNeill T, Fung K, Lucchetta S, Selkik EK. Experiences and resistance strategies utilized by fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];48(3):260-75. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360530 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360... ^,³³33 Dupas G, Silva AC, Nunes MDR, Ferreira NMLA. Childhood cancer: the father's experience. Reme, Rev Min Enferm. 2012 Jul-Dez [cited 2016 Sep 14];16(3):348-54. Available from: http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/537# http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/5... 34 Nicholas DB, Chahauver A, Brownstone D, Hetherington R, McNeill T, Bouffet E. Evaluation of an online peer support network for fathers of a child with a brain tumor. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Sep 14];51(3):232-45. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443403 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443... ^-³⁵35 Hensler MA, Katz ER, Wiener L, Berkow R, Madan-Swain A. Benefit finding in fathers of childhood cancer survivors: a retrospective pilot study. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];30(3):161-8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674549 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674... ⁾	4⁽²²22 Liaschenko J, Underwood SM. Children in research: fathers in cancer research - meanings and reasons for participation. J Fam Nurs [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(1):71-91. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/107484070 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1... ^,²⁷27 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 2. Findings on the fathers' hospital experience including restraining the child patient for treatment. The Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003b [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(2):5-10. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175278 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175... ^,³²32 Wills BSH. Coping with a child with acute lymphocytic leucemia: the experiences of chinese fathers in Hong Kong. Cancer Nurs [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];32(2):8-14. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125122 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125... ^,³⁶36 Silva LML, Melo MCB, Pedrosa ADOM. A vivência do pai diante do câncer infantil. Psicol Estud[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];18(3):541-50. Available from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a14.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a... ⁾	0
4. Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research?	2⁽²⁷27 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 2. Findings on the fathers' hospital experience including restraining the child patient for treatment. The Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003b [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(2):5-10. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175278 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175... 28 McGrath P, Chesler M. Fathers' perspectives on the treatment for Pediatric hematology: extending the findings. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2016 Sep 14];27:39-61. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204659 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204... 29 Clarke JN. Fathers' home health care work when a child has cancer. Men and Masculinities [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(4):385-404. Available from: http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.abstract http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.a... 30 Hill K, Higgings A, Dempster M, Mccarthy A. Fathers' views and understanding of their roles in families with a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. J Health Psychol [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];14(8):1268-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858345 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858... 31 Nicholas DB, Gearing RE, McNeill T, Fung K, Lucchetta S, Selkik EK. Experiences and resistance strategies utilized by fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];48(3):260-75. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360530 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360... ^-³²32 Wills BSH. Coping with a child with acute lymphocytic leucemia: the experiences of chinese fathers in Hong Kong. Cancer Nurs [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];32(2):8-14. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125122 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125... ⁾	10⁽²¹21 Chesler MA, Parry C. Gender roles and/or styles in crisis: an integrative analysis of the experiences of fathers of children with cancer. Qual Health Res [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14]; 11(3):363-84. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339080 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339... ^,²³23 McGrath P. Treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: the fathers' perspective. Aust Health Rev [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];4(2):135-42. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496455 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496... ^,²⁵25 Jones JB, Neil-Urban S. Father to Father: Focus group of fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2016 Sep 14];37(1):41-61. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J010v37n01_03 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.13... ^-²⁶26 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 1. Findings on the fathers' experience with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003a [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(1):4-12. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795040 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795... ^,²⁹29 Clarke JN. Fathers' home health care work when a child has cancer. Men and Masculinities [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(4):385-404. Available from: http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.abstract http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.a... 30 Hill K, Higgings A, Dempster M, Mccarthy A. Fathers' views and understanding of their roles in families with a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. J Health Psychol [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];14(8):1268-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858345 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858... 31 Nicholas DB, Gearing RE, McNeill T, Fung K, Lucchetta S, Selkik EK. Experiences and resistance strategies utilized by fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];48(3):260-75. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360530 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360... 32 Wills BSH. Coping with a child with acute lymphocytic leucemia: the experiences of chinese fathers in Hong Kong. Cancer Nurs [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];32(2):8-14. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125122 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125... 33 Dupas G, Silva AC, Nunes MDR, Ferreira NMLA. Childhood cancer: the father's experience. Reme, Rev Min Enferm. 2012 Jul-Dez [cited 2016 Sep 14];16(3):348-54. Available from: http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/537# http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/5... ^-³⁴34 Nicholas DB, Chahauver A, Brownstone D, Hetherington R, McNeill T, Bouffet E. Evaluation of an online peer support network for fathers of a child with a brain tumor. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Sep 14];51(3):232-45. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443403 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443... ⁾	4⁽²⁴24 Neil-Urban S, Jones JB. Father-to-father support: Fathers of children with cancer share their experience. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2016 Sep 14];19(3):97-103. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066261 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066... ^,²⁷27 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 2. Findings on the fathers' hospital experience including restraining the child patient for treatment. The Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003b [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(2):5-10. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175278 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175... ^-²⁸28 McGrath P, Chesler M. Fathers' perspectives on the treatment for Pediatric hematology: extending the findings. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2016 Sep 14];27:39-61. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204659 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204... ^,³⁶36 Silva LML, Melo MCB, Pedrosa ADOM. A vivência do pai diante do câncer infantil. Psicol Estud[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];18(3):541-50. Available from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a14.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a... ⁾
5. Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue?	10⁽²²22 Liaschenko J, Underwood SM. Children in research: fathers in cancer research - meanings and reasons for participation. J Fam Nurs [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(1):71-91. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/107484070 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1... ^,²⁵25 Jones JB, Neil-Urban S. Father to Father: Focus group of fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2016 Sep 14];37(1):41-61. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J010v37n01_03 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.13... ^-²⁶26 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 1. Findings on the fathers' experience with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003a [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(1):4-12. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795040 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795... ^,²⁹29 Clarke JN. Fathers' home health care work when a child has cancer. Men and Masculinities [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(4):385-404. Available from: http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.abstract http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.a... ^,³¹31 Nicholas DB, Gearing RE, McNeill T, Fung K, Lucchetta S, Selkik EK. Experiences and resistance strategies utilized by fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];48(3):260-75. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360530 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360... 32 Wills BSH. Coping with a child with acute lymphocytic leucemia: the experiences of chinese fathers in Hong Kong. Cancer Nurs [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];32(2):8-14. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125122 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125... 33 Dupas G, Silva AC, Nunes MDR, Ferreira NMLA. Childhood cancer: the father's experience. Reme, Rev Min Enferm. 2012 Jul-Dez [cited 2016 Sep 14];16(3):348-54. Available from: http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/537# http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/5... 34 Nicholas DB, Chahauver A, Brownstone D, Hetherington R, McNeill T, Bouffet E. Evaluation of an online peer support network for fathers of a child with a brain tumor. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Sep 14];51(3):232-45. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443403 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443... 35 Hensler MA, Katz ER, Wiener L, Berkow R, Madan-Swain A. Benefit finding in fathers of childhood cancer survivors: a retrospective pilot study. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];30(3):161-8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674549 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674... ^-³⁶36 Silva LML, Melo MCB, Pedrosa ADOM. A vivência do pai diante do câncer infantil. Psicol Estud[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];18(3):541-50. Available from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a14.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a... ⁾	6⁽²¹21 Chesler MA, Parry C. Gender roles and/or styles in crisis: an integrative analysis of the experiences of fathers of children with cancer. Qual Health Res [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14]; 11(3):363-84. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339080 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339... ^,²⁴24 Neil-Urban S, Jones JB. Father-to-father support: Fathers of children with cancer share their experience. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2016 Sep 14];19(3):97-103. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066261 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066... 25 Jones JB, Neil-Urban S. Father to Father: Focus group of fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2016 Sep 14];37(1):41-61. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J010v37n01_03 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.13... 26 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 1. Findings on the fathers' experience with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003a [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(1):4-12. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795040 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795... ^-²⁷27 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 2. Findings on the fathers' hospital experience including restraining the child patient for treatment. The Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003b [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(2):5-10. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175278 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175... ^,³⁴34 Nicholas DB, Chahauver A, Brownstone D, Hetherington R, McNeill T, Bouffet E. Evaluation of an online peer support network for fathers of a child with a brain tumor. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Sep 14];51(3):232-45. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443403 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443... ⁾	0
6. Has the relationship between researcher and participants been adequately considered?	0	2⁽³²32 Wills BSH. Coping with a child with acute lymphocytic leucemia: the experiences of chinese fathers in Hong Kong. Cancer Nurs [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];32(2):8-14. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125122 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125... 33 Dupas G, Silva AC, Nunes MDR, Ferreira NMLA. Childhood cancer: the father's experience. Reme, Rev Min Enferm. 2012 Jul-Dez [cited 2016 Sep 14];16(3):348-54. Available from: http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/537# http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/5... ^-³⁴34 Nicholas DB, Chahauver A, Brownstone D, Hetherington R, McNeill T, Bouffet E. Evaluation of an online peer support network for fathers of a child with a brain tumor. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Sep 14];51(3):232-45. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443403 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443... ⁾	14⁽²¹21 Chesler MA, Parry C. Gender roles and/or styles in crisis: an integrative analysis of the experiences of fathers of children with cancer. Qual Health Res [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14]; 11(3):363-84. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339080 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339... 22 Liaschenko J, Underwood SM. Children in research: fathers in cancer research - meanings and reasons for participation. J Fam Nurs [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(1):71-91. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/107484070 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1... 23 McGrath P. Treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: the fathers' perspective. Aust Health Rev [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];4(2):135-42. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496455 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496... 24 Neil-Urban S, Jones JB. Father-to-father support: Fathers of children with cancer share their experience. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2016 Sep 14];19(3):97-103. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066261 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066... 25 Jones JB, Neil-Urban S. Father to Father: Focus group of fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2016 Sep 14];37(1):41-61. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J010v37n01_03 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.13... 26 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 1. Findings on the fathers' experience with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003a [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(1):4-12. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795040 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795... 27 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 2. Findings on the fathers' hospital experience including restraining the child patient for treatment. The Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003b [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(2):5-10. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175278 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175... 28 McGrath P, Chesler M. Fathers' perspectives on the treatment for Pediatric hematology: extending the findings. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2016 Sep 14];27:39-61. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204659 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204... 29 Clarke JN. Fathers' home health care work when a child has cancer. Men and Masculinities [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(4):385-404. Available from: http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.abstract http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.a... 30 Hill K, Higgings A, Dempster M, Mccarthy A. Fathers' views and understanding of their roles in families with a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. J Health Psychol [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];14(8):1268-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858345 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858... ^-³¹31 Nicholas DB, Gearing RE, McNeill T, Fung K, Lucchetta S, Selkik EK. Experiences and resistance strategies utilized by fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];48(3):260-75. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360530 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360... ^,³³33 Dupas G, Silva AC, Nunes MDR, Ferreira NMLA. Childhood cancer: the father's experience. Reme, Rev Min Enferm. 2012 Jul-Dez [cited 2016 Sep 14];16(3):348-54. Available from: http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/537# http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/5... ^,³⁵35 Hensler MA, Katz ER, Wiener L, Berkow R, Madan-Swain A. Benefit finding in fathers of childhood cancer survivors: a retrospective pilot study. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];30(3):161-8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674549 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674... ^-³⁶36 Silva LML, Melo MCB, Pedrosa ADOM. A vivência do pai diante do câncer infantil. Psicol Estud[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];18(3):541-50. Available from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a14.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a... ⁾
7. Have ethical issues been taken into consideration?	10⁽²¹21 Chesler MA, Parry C. Gender roles and/or styles in crisis: an integrative analysis of the experiences of fathers of children with cancer. Qual Health Res [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14]; 11(3):363-84. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339080 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339... ^,²⁶26 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 1. Findings on the fathers' experience with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003a [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(1):4-12. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795040 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795... ^,²⁸28 McGrath P, Chesler M. Fathers' perspectives on the treatment for Pediatric hematology: extending the findings. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2016 Sep 14];27:39-61. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204659 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204... ^,³⁰30 Hill K, Higgings A, Dempster M, Mccarthy A. Fathers' views and understanding of their roles in families with a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. J Health Psychol [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];14(8):1268-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858345 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858... 31 Nicholas DB, Gearing RE, McNeill T, Fung K, Lucchetta S, Selkik EK. Experiences and resistance strategies utilized by fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];48(3):260-75. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360530 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360... 32 Wills BSH. Coping with a child with acute lymphocytic leucemia: the experiences of chinese fathers in Hong Kong. Cancer Nurs [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];32(2):8-14. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125122 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125... 33 Dupas G, Silva AC, Nunes MDR, Ferreira NMLA. Childhood cancer: the father's experience. Reme, Rev Min Enferm. 2012 Jul-Dez [cited 2016 Sep 14];16(3):348-54. Available from: http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/537# http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/5... 34 Nicholas DB, Chahauver A, Brownstone D, Hetherington R, McNeill T, Bouffet E. Evaluation of an online peer support network for fathers of a child with a brain tumor. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Sep 14];51(3):232-45. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443403 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443... 35 Hensler MA, Katz ER, Wiener L, Berkow R, Madan-Swain A. Benefit finding in fathers of childhood cancer survivors: a retrospective pilot study. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];30(3):161-8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674549 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674... ^-³⁶36 Silva LML, Melo MCB, Pedrosa ADOM. A vivência do pai diante do câncer infantil. Psicol Estud[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];18(3):541-50. Available from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a14.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a... ⁾	2⁽²²22 Liaschenko J, Underwood SM. Children in research: fathers in cancer research - meanings and reasons for participation. J Fam Nurs [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(1):71-91. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/107484070 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1... ^-²³23 McGrath P. Treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: the fathers' perspective. Aust Health Rev [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];4(2):135-42. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496455 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496... ⁾	4⁽²⁴24 Neil-Urban S, Jones JB. Father-to-father support: Fathers of children with cancer share their experience. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2016 Sep 14];19(3):97-103. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066261 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066... ^-²⁵25 Jones JB, Neil-Urban S. Father to Father: Focus group of fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2016 Sep 14];37(1):41-61. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J010v37n01_03 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.13... ^,²⁷27 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 2. Findings on the fathers' hospital experience including restraining the child patient for treatment. The Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003b [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(2):5-10. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175278 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175... ^,²⁹29 Clarke JN. Fathers' home health care work when a child has cancer. Men and Masculinities [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(4):385-404. Available from: http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.abstract http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.a... ⁾
8. Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous?	10⁽²¹21 Chesler MA, Parry C. Gender roles and/or styles in crisis: an integrative analysis of the experiences of fathers of children with cancer. Qual Health Res [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14]; 11(3):363-84. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339080 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339... ^,²³23 McGrath P. Treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: the fathers' perspective. Aust Health Rev [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];4(2):135-42. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496455 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496... ^,²⁵25 Jones JB, Neil-Urban S. Father to Father: Focus group of fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2016 Sep 14];37(1):41-61. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J010v37n01_03 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.13... ^-²⁶26 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 1. Findings on the fathers' experience with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003a [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(1):4-12. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795040 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795... ^,²⁸28 McGrath P, Chesler M. Fathers' perspectives on the treatment for Pediatric hematology: extending the findings. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2016 Sep 14];27:39-61. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204659 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204... ^,³⁰30 Hill K, Higgings A, Dempster M, Mccarthy A. Fathers' views and understanding of their roles in families with a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. J Health Psychol [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];14(8):1268-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858345 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858... 31 Nicholas DB, Gearing RE, McNeill T, Fung K, Lucchetta S, Selkik EK. Experiences and resistance strategies utilized by fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];48(3):260-75. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360530 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360... ^-³²32 Wills BSH. Coping with a child with acute lymphocytic leucemia: the experiences of chinese fathers in Hong Kong. Cancer Nurs [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];32(2):8-14. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125122 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125... ^,³⁴34 Nicholas DB, Chahauver A, Brownstone D, Hetherington R, McNeill T, Bouffet E. Evaluation of an online peer support network for fathers of a child with a brain tumor. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Sep 14];51(3):232-45. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443403 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443... ^-³⁵35 Hensler MA, Katz ER, Wiener L, Berkow R, Madan-Swain A. Benefit finding in fathers of childhood cancer survivors: a retrospective pilot study. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];30(3):161-8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674549 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674... ⁾	5⁽²²22 Liaschenko J, Underwood SM. Children in research: fathers in cancer research - meanings and reasons for participation. J Fam Nurs [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(1):71-91. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/107484070 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1... ^,²⁴24 Neil-Urban S, Jones JB. Father-to-father support: Fathers of children with cancer share their experience. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2016 Sep 14];19(3):97-103. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066261 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066... ^,²⁹29 Clarke JN. Fathers' home health care work when a child has cancer. Men and Masculinities [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(4):385-404. Available from: http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.abstract http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.a... ^,³³33 Dupas G, Silva AC, Nunes MDR, Ferreira NMLA. Childhood cancer: the father's experience. Reme, Rev Min Enferm. 2012 Jul-Dez [cited 2016 Sep 14];16(3):348-54. Available from: http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/537# http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/5... ^,³⁶36 Silva LML, Melo MCB, Pedrosa ADOM. A vivência do pai diante do câncer infantil. Psicol Estud[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];18(3):541-50. Available from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a14.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a... ⁾	1⁽²⁷27 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 2. Findings on the fathers' hospital experience including restraining the child patient for treatment. The Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003b [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(2):5-10. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175278 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175... ⁾
9. Is there a clear statement of findings?	16⁽²¹21 Chesler MA, Parry C. Gender roles and/or styles in crisis: an integrative analysis of the experiences of fathers of children with cancer. Qual Health Res [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14]; 11(3):363-84. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339080 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339... 22 Liaschenko J, Underwood SM. Children in research: fathers in cancer research - meanings and reasons for participation. J Fam Nurs [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(1):71-91. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/107484070 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1... 23 McGrath P. Treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: the fathers' perspective. Aust Health Rev [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];4(2):135-42. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496455 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496... 24 Neil-Urban S, Jones JB. Father-to-father support: Fathers of children with cancer share their experience. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2016 Sep 14];19(3):97-103. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066261 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066... 25 Jones JB, Neil-Urban S. Father to Father: Focus group of fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2016 Sep 14];37(1):41-61. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J010v37n01_03 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.13... 26 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 1. Findings on the fathers' experience with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003a [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(1):4-12. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795040 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795... 27 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 2. Findings on the fathers' hospital experience including restraining the child patient for treatment. The Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003b [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(2):5-10. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175278 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175... 28 McGrath P, Chesler M. Fathers' perspectives on the treatment for Pediatric hematology: extending the findings. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2016 Sep 14];27:39-61. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204659 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204... 29 Clarke JN. Fathers' home health care work when a child has cancer. Men and Masculinities [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(4):385-404. Available from: http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.abstract http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.a... 30 Hill K, Higgings A, Dempster M, Mccarthy A. Fathers' views and understanding of their roles in families with a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. J Health Psychol [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];14(8):1268-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858345 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858... 31 Nicholas DB, Gearing RE, McNeill T, Fung K, Lucchetta S, Selkik EK. Experiences and resistance strategies utilized by fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];48(3):260-75. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360530 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360... 32 Wills BSH. Coping with a child with acute lymphocytic leucemia: the experiences of chinese fathers in Hong Kong. Cancer Nurs [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];32(2):8-14. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125122 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125... 33 Dupas G, Silva AC, Nunes MDR, Ferreira NMLA. Childhood cancer: the father's experience. Reme, Rev Min Enferm. 2012 Jul-Dez [cited 2016 Sep 14];16(3):348-54. Available from: http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/537# http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/5... 34 Nicholas DB, Chahauver A, Brownstone D, Hetherington R, McNeill T, Bouffet E. Evaluation of an online peer support network for fathers of a child with a brain tumor. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Sep 14];51(3):232-45. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443403 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443... 35 Hensler MA, Katz ER, Wiener L, Berkow R, Madan-Swain A. Benefit finding in fathers of childhood cancer survivors: a retrospective pilot study. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];30(3):161-8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674549 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674... ^-³⁶36 Silva LML, Melo MCB, Pedrosa ADOM. A vivência do pai diante do câncer infantil. Psicol Estud[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];18(3):541-50. Available from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a14.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a... ⁾	0	0
10. How valuable is the research?	16⁽²¹21 Chesler MA, Parry C. Gender roles and/or styles in crisis: an integrative analysis of the experiences of fathers of children with cancer. Qual Health Res [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14]; 11(3):363-84. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339080 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339... 22 Liaschenko J, Underwood SM. Children in research: fathers in cancer research - meanings and reasons for participation. J Fam Nurs [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(1):71-91. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/107484070 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1... 23 McGrath P. Treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: the fathers' perspective. Aust Health Rev [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Sep 14];4(2):135-42. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496455 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11496... 24 Neil-Urban S, Jones JB. Father-to-father support: Fathers of children with cancer share their experience. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2016 Sep 14];19(3):97-103. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066261 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066... 25 Jones JB, Neil-Urban S. Father to Father: Focus group of fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2016 Sep 14];37(1):41-61. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J010v37n01_03 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.13... 26 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 1. Findings on the fathers' experience with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003a [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(1):4-12. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795040 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12795... 27 McGrath P, Huff N. Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 2. Findings on the fathers' hospital experience including restraining the child patient for treatment. The Aust J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2003b [cited 2016 Sep 14];10(2):5-10. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175278 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175... 28 McGrath P, Chesler M. Fathers' perspectives on the treatment for Pediatric hematology: extending the findings. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2016 Sep 14];27:39-61. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204659 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204... 29 Clarke JN. Fathers' home health care work when a child has cancer. Men and Masculinities [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2016 Sep 14];7(4):385-404. Available from: http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.abstract http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/7/4/385.a... 30 Hill K, Higgings A, Dempster M, Mccarthy A. Fathers' views and understanding of their roles in families with a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. J Health Psychol [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];14(8):1268-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858345 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858... 31 Nicholas DB, Gearing RE, McNeill T, Fung K, Lucchetta S, Selkik EK. Experiences and resistance strategies utilized by fathers of children with cancer. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];48(3):260-75. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360530 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360... 32 Wills BSH. Coping with a child with acute lymphocytic leucemia: the experiences of chinese fathers in Hong Kong. Cancer Nurs [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Sep 14];32(2):8-14. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125122 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125... 33 Dupas G, Silva AC, Nunes MDR, Ferreira NMLA. Childhood cancer: the father's experience. Reme, Rev Min Enferm. 2012 Jul-Dez [cited 2016 Sep 14];16(3):348-54. Available from: http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/537# http://www.reme.org.br/artigo/detalhes/5... 34 Nicholas DB, Chahauver A, Brownstone D, Hetherington R, McNeill T, Bouffet E. Evaluation of an online peer support network for fathers of a child with a brain tumor. Soc Work Health Care [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Sep 14];51(3):232-45. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443403 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443... 35 Hensler MA, Katz ER, Wiener L, Berkow R, Madan-Swain A. Benefit finding in fathers of childhood cancer survivors: a retrospective pilot study. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];30(3):161-8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674549 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674... ^-³⁶36 Silva LML, Melo MCB, Pedrosa ADOM. A vivência do pai diante do câncer infantil. Psicol Estud[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Sep 14];18(3):541-50. Available from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a14.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pe/v18n3/v18n3a... ⁾	0	0

[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Lucila Castanheira Nascimento E-mail: lucila@eerp.usp.br

Brazil

Brazil

Care provided by the father to the child with cancer under the influence of masculinities: qualitative meta-synthesis

Cuidado paterno del hijo con cáncer bajo la influencia de las masculinidades: metasíntesis cualitativa

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Method:

Results:

Final Considerations: