Conceptual definitions of indicators for the nursing outcome "Knowledge: Fall Prevention"

Luzia, Melissa de Freitas; Argenta, Carla; Almeida, Miriam de Abreu; Lucena, Amália de Fátima

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0686

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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Sumário

Review • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 71 (2) • Mar-Apr 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0686 copy

Conceptual definitions of indicators for the nursing outcome "Knowledge: Fall Prevention"

Definiciones conceptuales de los indicadores del resultado de enfermería ‘Conocimiento: Prevención de caídas'

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to construct conceptual definitions for indicators of nursing outcome Knowledge: Fall Prevention, selected for evaluation of hospitalized patients with the nursing diagnosis Risk for falls.

Method:

integrative literature review performed in the LILACS, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases, comprising articles published in English, Spanish and Portuguese languages from 2005 to 2015.

Results:

the final sample of the study was composed of 17 articles. The conceptualizations were constructed for 14 indicators of nursing outcome Knowledge: Fall Prevention focused on hospitalized patients.

Conclusion:

the theoretical support of the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), through the process of constructing the conceptual definitions of the indicators of its results, allows nurses to accurately implement this classification in clinical practice and to evaluate the effectiveness of their interventions through the change of the patients' status over time.

Descriptors:
Accidental Falls; Nursing; Nursing Process; Nursing Assessment; Outcome Assessment

Authorship	Year of publication/Country	Database	Design	NO indicator
Schwendimann R, Bühler H, Geest SD, Milisen K⁽¹⁶16 Schwendimann R, Bühler H, Geest SD, Milisen K. Falls and consequent injuries in hospitalized patients: effects of an interdisciplinary falls prevention program. BMC Health Serv Res [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2014 Aug 14];6:69. Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/ http://www.biomedcentral.com/... ⁾	2006 Switzerland	Medline	Observational (before and after type)	-Correct use of assistive devices -Suitable footwear -Correct use of ambient lighting
James K, Eldemire SD, Gouldbourne J, Morris C⁽¹⁷17 James K, Eldemire SD, Gouldbourne J, Morris C. Falls and fall prevention in the elderly: jhe Jamaican perspective. West Indian Med J. 2007;56(6):534-9.⁾	2007 Jamaica	Medline	Literature review	-Diseases that increase the risk for falls
Akyol AD⁽¹⁸18 Akyol AD. Falls in the elderly: what can be done? Int Nurs Rev [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2016 Jun 20];54(2):191-6. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.14667657.2007.00505.x/abstract;jsessionid=3CACBD0CC12237FF2CD17BC5A95E9F21.f01t03 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.11... ⁾	2007 Turkey	Web of science	Literature review	-Correct use of grab bars
Machado TR, Oliveira CJ, Costa FBC, Araujo TL⁽¹⁹19 Machado TR, Oliveira CJ, Costa FBC, Araujo TL. Avaliação da presença de risco para queda em idosos. Rev Eletr Enf [Internet]. 2009[cited 2016 Jun 20];11(1):32-8. Available from: http://www.fen.ufg.br/revista/v11/n1/v11n1a04.htm http://www.fen.ufg.br/revista/v11/n1/v11... ⁾	2009 Brazil	Lilacs	Descriptive-exploratory	-Correct use of assistive devices -Use of safe transfer procedures
Shuto H, Imakyure O, Matsumoto J, Egawa T, Jiang Y, Hirakawa M, et al⁽²⁰20 Shuto H, Imakyure O, Matsumoto J, Egawa T, Jiang Y, Hirakawa M, et al. Medication use as a risk factor for inpatient falls in an acute care hospital: a case-crossover study. BJCP [Internet]. 2010[cited 2016 Jun 13];69(5):535-42. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC2856055/pdf/bcp0069-0535.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ article... ⁾	2010 Japan	Medline	Crossover	-Prescribed drugs that increase the risk for falls
Oliver D, Healey F, Haines TP⁽²¹21 Oliver D, Healey F, Haines TP. Preventing falls and fall-related injuries in hospitals. Clin Geriatr Med [Internet]. 2010[cited 2016 Jun 13];26(4):645-92. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20934615 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2093... ⁾	2010 England	Medline	Literature review	-Correct use of assistive devices -Correct use of assistive devices -Correct use of ambient lighting -Changes in blood pressure that increase the risk for falls -Importance of maintaining clear walkway
Johnson M, George A, Tran DT⁽²²22 Johnson M, George A, Tran DT. Analysis of falls incidents: nurse and patient preventive behaviours. Int J Nur Pract [Internet]. 2011[cited 2016 Jun 13];17:60-66. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010.01907.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.20... ⁾	2011 USA	Medline	Mixed	-Strategies for safe walking
Ang E, Mordiffi SZ, Wong HB⁽²³23 Ang E, Mordiffi SZ, Wong HB. Evaluating the use of a targeted multiple intervention strategy in reducing patient falls in an acute care hospital: a randomized controlled trial. J Adv Nurs [Internet]. 2011[cited 2016 Jun 13];67(9):1984-92. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21507049 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2150... ⁾	2011 Singapore	Medline	Randomized controlled trial	-Use of safe transfer procedures -Changes in blood pressure that increase the risk for falls
Cruz DT, Ribeiro LC, Vieira MT, Teixeira MTB, Bastos RR, Leite ICG⁽²⁴24 Cruz DT, Ribeiro LC, Vieira MT, Teixeira MTB, Bastos RR, Leite ICG. Prevalence of falls and associated factors in elderly individuals. Rev Saúde Pública [Internet]. 2012[cited 2016 Jun 20];46(1):138-46. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsp/v46n1/3070.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsp/v46n1/3070.... ⁾	2012 Brazil	Lilacs	Cross-sectional	-Correct use of assistive devices -Diseases that increase the risk for falls
Belita L, Ford P, Kirkpatrick H⁽²⁵25 Belita L, Ford P, Kirkpatrick H. The development of an Assessment and Intervention Falls Guide for older hospitalized adults with cardiac conditions. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs [Internet]. 2012[cited 2016 Jun 13];12(3):302-9. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1474515112451804 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1... ⁾	2012 Canada	Medline	Literature review	-Prescribed drugs that increase the risk for falls -Diseases that increase the risk for falls -Changes in blood pressure that increase the risk for falls -Importance of maintaining clear walkway
Haines TP, Angel DL, O'Connell B, McDermott F, Hoffmann T⁽²⁶26 Haines TP, Angel DL, O'Connell B, McDermott F, Hoffmann T. Why do hospitalized older adults take risks that may lead to falls? Health Expect[Internet]. 2012[cited 2016 Jun 20];18:233-49. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hex.12026/epdf http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.11... ⁾	2012 Australia	Medline	Qualitative	-When to request personal assistance
Lee EA, Gibbs NE, Fahey L, Whiffen T⁽²⁷27 Lee EA, Gibbs NE, Fahey L, Whiffen TL. Making hospitals safer for older adults: updating quality metrics by understanding hospital-acquired delirium and its link to falls. Perm J [Internet]. 2013[cited 2016 Jun 15];17(4):32-36. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3854806/pdf/permj17_4p0032.pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾	2013 WUE	Medline	Case study	-Prescribed drugs that increase the risk for falls
Lee DCA, McDermott F, Hoffmann T, HainesTP⁽¹²12 Lee DCA, McDermott F, Hoffmann T, HainesTP. "They will tell me if there is a problem": limited discussion between health professionals, older adults and their caregivers on falls prevention during and after hospitalization. Health Educ Res [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Jun 06];28(6):1051-66. Available from: http://her.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/09/17/her.cyt091.full.pdf+html http://her.oxfordjournals.org/content/ea... ⁾	2013 Australia	Medline	Qualitative	-When to request personal assistance -Use of safe transfer procedures -Reasons for restraints -Strategies for safe walking
Aranda-Gallardo M, Morales-Asencio JM, Canca-Sanchez JC, Toribio-Montero JC⁽²⁸28 Aranda-Gallardo M, Morales-Asencio JM, Canca-Sanchez JC, Toribio-Montero JC. Circumstances and causes of falls by patients at a Spanish acute care hospital. J Eval Clin Pract[Internet]. 2014[cited 2016 Jun 15];20:631-7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jep.12187 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jep.12187... ⁾	2014 Spain		Cross-sectional	-Prescribed drugs that increase the risk for falls
Costa-Dias MJ, Oliveira AS, Martins T, Araújo F, Santos AF, Moreira CN, José H⁽²⁹29 Costa-Dias MJ, Oliveira AS, Martins T, Araújo F, Santos AF, Moreira CN, et al. Medication fall risk in old hospitalized patients: a retrospective study. Nurse Educ Today [Internet]. 2014[cited 2016 Jun 15];34:171-6. Available from: http://www.nurseeducationtoday.com/article/S0260-6917(13)00195-0/fulltext http://www.nurseeducationtoday.com/artic... ⁾	2014 Portugal	Medline	Cross-sectional	-Prescribed drugs that increase the risk for falls
Shaw BH, Claydon VE⁽³⁰30 Shaw BH, Claydon VE. The relationship between orthostatic hypotension and falling in older adults. Clin Auton Res. 2014;24:3-13.⁾	2014 Canada	Medline	Literature review	-Changes in blood pressure that increase the risk for falls
Severo IM, Almeida MA, Kuchenbecker R, Vieira DFVB, Weschenfelder ME, Pinto LRC, et al⁽³¹31 Severo IM, Almeida MA, Kuchenbecker R, Vieira DFVB, Weschenfelder ME, Pinto LRC, et al. Risk factors for falls in hospitalized adult patients: an integrative review. Rev Esc Enferm USP [Internet]. 2014[cited 2016 Jun 20];48 (3):537-51. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v48n3/pt_0080-6234-reeusp-48-03-540.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v48n3/pt... ⁾	2014 Brazil	Web of science	Literature review	-Prescribed drugs that increase the risk for falls

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Melissa de Freitas Luzia. E-mail: enfmel.luzia@gmail.com