The work of nurses in high-risk prenatal care from the perspective of basic human needs

Errico, Lívia de Souza Pancrácio de; Bicalho, Paula Gonçalves; Oliveira, Thaize Constância Ferreira Lares de; Martins, Eunice Francisca

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0328

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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RESEARCH • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 71 (suppl 3) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0328 copy

The work of nurses in high-risk prenatal care from the perspective of basic human needs

El trabajo del enfermero en el prenatal de alto riesgo bajo la óptica de las necesidades humanas básicas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To analyze the work of nurses in high-risk prenatal care in secondary care, considering nursing problems and the basic human needs of pregnant women.

Method:

Cross-sectional and quantitative study, developed in a high-risk prenatal care clinic. Data were selected in the records of the nursing consultation. The studied variables were related to sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, in addition to nursing problems. We performed the descriptive analysis of the data and the grouping of nursing problems within the levels of Basic Human Needs (BHN).

Results:

We evaluated 54 nursing consultations of pregnant women, mostly young, multiparous, and with nine or more years of study. Every pregnant woman reported, on average, 7.4 nursing problems. The psychobiological BHN prevailed in relation to psychosocial ones.

Conclusion:

In high-risk prenatal care, nurses can use the nursing consultation considering their mastery of light technologies to engage with hard and light-hard technologies.

Descriptors:
High-Risk Pregnancy; Nursing; Prenatal Care; Nursing Process; Nursing Care

Sociodemographic characteristics	n	%
Origin
Belo Horizonte	24	44.4
Metropolitan area	13	24.1
Ignored	17	31.5
Age
Up to 19 years old	2	3.7
20 - 29 years old	22	40.7
30 - 39 years old	17	31.5
≥ 40 years old	4	7.4
Ignored	9	16.7
Education level
Up to 8 years	9	16.7
9 to 11 years	27	50.0
≥ 12 years	11	20.3
Ignored	7	13.0
Occupation
Unemployed	13	24.1
Housekeeper and general services	12	22.2
Market and rendering of services	10	18.5
Housewife	7	13.0
Others	4	7.3
Ignored	8	14.8
Gestational history
Parity
Primiparous	15	27.8
Multiparous	36	66.7
Ignored	3	5.5
Previous abortions
No	35	64.8
Yes	16	29.6
Ignored	3	5.5

Aggravation	Number of pregnant women	%
HIV seropositive	11	20.4
Hypertension	7	13.0
Diabetes	5	9.3
Multiple pregnancy	4	7.4
Isoimmunization	4	7.4
Anemia	4	7.4
Cardiopathy	4	7.4
Congenital malformation	3	5.5
Others	12	22.2
Total	54	100

Nursing problems	Number of pregnant women	%^* * In relation to the total of 54 pregnant women
Questions about childbirth	34	63.0
Lack of physical activity	34	63.0
Poor diet	31	57.4
Impaired sleep	29	53.7
Pain	23	42.6
Overweight	23	42.6
Medication use in pregnancy	23	42.6
Questions about puerperium and the newborn	20	37.0
Difficulty in family relationship	18	33.3
Concern about health problems	17	31.5
Difficulty in bowel elimination	16	29.6
Dissatisfaction with self-image	13	24.1
Fatigue	12	22.2
Pregnancy discomfort	12	22.2
Reduced self-esteem	11	20.4
Socioeconomic vulnerability	11	20.4
Urinary discomfort	10	18.5
Low water intake	9	16.7
Fear of the future of the newborn	8	14.8
Susceptibility to toxoplasmosis	8	14.8
Anxiety	7	13.0
Sexuality problems	6	11.1
Non-acceptance of pregnancy	5	9.3
Sadness	5	9.3
Partner violence and drugs	5	9.3
Elitist pregnant woman	3	5.6
Others	9	16.7
Total problems	402	100
Average problems for pregnant women	7.4

Classes of Basic Human Needs	Problems	n	Percentage^* * % calculated in relation to total problems.
I. Psychobiological needs
1. Oxygenation	Dyspnea and cough	3	0.7
2- Hydration	Low water intake	9	2.2
3. Diet	Poor diet and overweight	54	13.4
4. Elimination	Urinary discomfort and difficulty in bowel elimination	26	6.5
5. Sleep and rest	Fatigue and impaired sleep	41	10.2
6. Exercises and physical activity	Lack of physical activity	34	8.5
7. Sexuality	Sexuality problems and unprotected sex	6	1.5
12. Types of regulation: thermal, hormonal, neurological, sodium and water, electrolyte, immunological, cell growth, vascular	Pregnancy discomforts; unstable blood glucose; susceptibility to toxoplasmosis; presence of vaginal discharge and Streptococcus colonization	24	6.0
14. Types of perception: olfactory, visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, pain	Pain	23	5.7
16. Therapeutics	Use of medication and non-adherence to treatment	24	6.0
	Subtotal	244	60.7
II. Psychosocial needs
1. Safety	Anxiety Fear of the future of the newborn Fear of the health problem Elitist pregnant woman Partner violence and drugs Socioeconomic vulnerability	51	12.7
6. Learning (health education)	Questions about childbirth, puerperium, and the newborn	54	13.4
7. Gregarious	Difficulties in family relationships	18	4.5
9. Leisure	Lack of leisure	1	0.2
12. Acceptance	Non-acceptance of pregnancy	5	1.2
13. Self-achievement	Reduced self-esteem Sadness	16	4.0
15. Self-image	Dissatisfaction with self-image	13	3.2
	Subtotal	158	39.3
Total		402	100

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Lívia de Souza Pancrácio de Errico. E-mail: liviaerr@enf.ufmg.br