Mortality by suicide in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil (1996-2015)

Study with data from the Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. The simple linear regression model was used to verify the trend in the period analyzed.

Results:

There were 6,229 suicides, of which 3,390 (54.4%) occurred in the second decade of study. The mortality rate was 4.7 per 100,000 inhabitants. The temporal trend presented a decrease of 23.5% (p=0.031). For the male sex and the age range between 20 and 39 years, there was a decline in self-inflicted death of 23.8% (p=0.018) and 26.1% (p=0.046), respectively.

Conclusion:

The temporal analysis revealed a reduction in suicide mortality coefficients. This observation may contribute to better targeting of health interventions, optimizing resources and efforts, especially in suicide prevention.

Descriptors:
Suicide; External Causes; Mortality; Vital Statistics; Trends

Variable	Category	Model	R²	p value	∆ %
Total	PE	y=75.77-0.035x	0.234	0.031	-23.5
Sex	Male	y=132.929-0.063x	0.273	0.018	-23.8
	Female	y=27.188-0.012x	0.048	0.352	-
Age group	10 to 19	y=-6.451+0.004x	0.004	0.792	-
	20 to 39	y=90.725-0.043x	0.204	0.046	-26.1
	40 to 59	y=79.059-0.037x	0.122	0.132	-
	60 e mais	y=198.089-0.095x	0.167	0.074	-

Variables	1996-2005		2006-2015		∆%	p value
Variables	n	%	n	%	∆%	p value
Total deaths	2,839	45.6	3.390	54.4	19.3	-
Sex
Male	2,127	74.9	2.525	74.5	-0.5	0.714
Female	712	25.1	865	25.5	1.6	0.714
Age group
10-19 years	325	11.4	353	10.4	-8.8	0.206
20-39 years	1,290	45.5	1.459	43	-5.5	0.061
40-59 years	781	27.5	1.037	30.6	11.3	0.008
≥60 years	443	15.6	541	16	2.6	0.728
Race/color
Brown	1,367	65.1	2.613	79.8	22.6	<0.001
White	612	29.1	566	17.3	-40.5	<0.001
Black	104	5	80	2.4	-52	<0.001
Yellow	11	0.5	2	0.1	-80	0.002
Indigenous Peoples	7	0.3	13	0.4	33.3	0.884
Marital status
Single	1362	57.4	1815	61	6.3	0.009
Married	872	36.7	884	29.7	-19.1	<0.001
Widowed	86	3.6	133	4.5	25	0.139
Divorced	35	1.5	104	3.5	133.3	<0.001
Common-law marriage	14	0.6	40	1.3	116.7	0.009
Others	4	0.2	0	0	-100	-
Place of death
At Home	1,250	45.2	1.563	47	4	0.932
Hospital and other health facilities	938	33.9	988	29.7	-12.4	<0.001
Public road	287	10.4	393	11.8	13.5	0.242
Others	291	10.5	384	11.5	9.5	0.51
Regional Health Department
I	1,046	36.9	1,237	36.7	-0.5	0.855
II	222	7.8	247	7.3	-6.4	0.474
III	127	4.5	155	4.6	2.2	0.881
IV	467	16.5	528	15.6	-5.4	0.391
V	213	7.5	241	7.1	-5.3	0.605
VI	117	4.1	148	4.4	7.3	0.663
VII	54	1.9	59	1.7	-10.5	0.714
VIII	153	5.4	191	5.7	5.5	0.696
IX	155	5.5	206	6.1	10.9	0.313
X	64	2.3	83	2.5	8.7	0.663
XI	117	4.1	153	4.5	9.6	0.473
XII	99	3.5	127	3.8	8.6	0.619

Root Cause (CID)	Male					p value	Female					p value
	1996-2005		2006-2015				1996-2005		2006-2015
	n	%	n	%	∆ %		n	%	n	%	∆%
Medications X60 to 64	63	3.0	56	2.2	-26.7	0.129	65	9.1	58	6.7	-26.4	0.091
Pesticides X68	259	12.2	386	15.3	25.4	0.004	141	19.8	290	33.5	69.2	<0.001
Chemicals and unspecified harmful substances X69	106	5.0	81	3.2	-36	0.003	54	7.6	52	6.0	-21.1	0.254
Hanging, strangling and suffocation X70	946	44.5	1.450	57.4	29	<0.001	197	27.7	262	30.3	9.4	0.278
Drowning and submersion X71	28	1.3	25	1.0	-23.1	0.359	10	1.4	15	1.7	21.4	0.75
Firearms X72 to X74	469	22.0	229	9.1	-58.6	<0.001	83	11.7	37	4.3	-63.2	<0.001
Smoke, fire, flames, steam, gases or hot objects X76 and X77	54	2.5	36	1.4	-44	0.008	80	11.2	44	5.1	-54.5	<0.001
Sharp, penetrating or blunt object X78 and X79	82	3.9	116	4.6	17.9	0.254	35	4.9	39	4.5	-8.2	0.794
Precipitation of a high place X80	40	1.9	51	2.0	5.3	0.827	24	3.4	26	3.0	-11.8	0.789
Other specified and unspecified means X83 and X84	56	2.6	67	2.7	3.8	1	15	2.1	32	3.7	76.2	0.089
^* * X65 Alcohol; X66Intentional self-intoxication by organic solvents, halogenated hydrocarbons and their vapors; X67 Intentional self-intoxication by other gases and vapors; X75 Explosive devices; X81 Precipitation or permanence in front of a moving object; X82 Impact of a motor vehicle. Remaining X65, X66, X67, X75, X81, X82	24	1.1	28	1.1	0	1	8	1.1	10	1.2	9.1	1
Total	2,127	100.0	2,525	100	-	-	712	100	865	100	-	-

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[1] Corresponding author: Bárbara Marcela Beringuel. E mail: bmberinguel@yahoo.com.br