What are Indian and Japanese reactions to China's rise in economic, political and military terms? According to realist tradition, their option would be between balancing and bandwagoning. Applying Stephen Walt's balance of threats approach, this work aims to analyze Indian and Japan responses to an increasingly powerful China; its conclusions point to an evolving relationship between India and Japan, in military terms, especially after 2005.
China; India; Japan
| Year | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % of GDP | 3 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.7 | n.a. |
| US$ m | 26,741 | 26,658 | 27,253 | 31,657 | 33,690 | 33,962 | 34,374 | 38,987 | 45,903 | 46,086 | 44,282 |
| Year | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % of GDP | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| US$ mil | 55,376 | 55,938 | 56,053 | 55,541 | 55,330 | 54,637 | 53,885 | 53,159 | 54,339 | 54,641 | 54,529 |
| Year | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| India | ||||||||
| Mainly positive | 66 | 44 | 35 | 22 | 30 | 30 | 25 | 30 |
| Mainly negative | 20 | 15 | 22 | 18 | 24 | 38 | 52 | 31 |
| Net result | +46 | +29 | +13 | +4 | +6 | -8 | -27 | -1 |
| Japan | ||||||||
| Mainly positive | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 12 | 8 | 18 | 12 | 10 |
| Mainly negative | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 59 | 59 | 38 | 52 | 50 |
| Net result | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | -47 | -51 | -20 | -40 | -40 |
