Genotypic variation of agronomic traits as well as concentrations of Fe, Zn, P and phytate in soybean cultivars ¹

Variação genotípica das características agronômicas e dos teores de Fe, Zn, P e fitato em cultivares de soja

ABSTRACT

The staple diet of most of the world population is provided by cereal, which present levels of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) below the nutritional demand of humans. Other factors that may substantially interfere for the low intake of Fe and Zn are the anti- nutritional factors present in the edible parts of plants, such as heavy metals and phytate. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genotypic variation in terms of yield (kg ha^-1), plant height, insertion height of first pod, as well as concentrations of Fe, Zn, phosphorus (P) and the anti-nutrient phytate in grains of 24 soybean cultivars and to identify cultivars with potential for biofortification. The field experiment was conducted in Rio Verde, state of Goiás by the technological center of COMIGO. The experimental design used in the study was a randomized block design with 24 treatments and three replications. The results showed that there is genotypic variation for grain yield (kg ha^-1), plant height, and insertion height of first pod, as well as for the concentrations of Zn, Fe, P and concentration of anti-nutient phytate in grains among the soybean cultivars. Non-significant or low correlations were found among the evaluated parameters except for the relationship between P and phytate (r=0.733). The diversity found among soybean cultivars offers genotypes such as 8197RR, M 7908RR and BRS 262 with potential to develop cultivars with better ability to accumulate nutrients in grains.

Key words:
antinutrient; biofortification; Glycine max (L.) Merrill; micronutrients; nutritional quality