Application time of chemical thinning with metamitron in ‘Sensação’ peach trees

Thinning is a cultural practice that leads to balance between fruit yield and quality. It is carried out in a short period of time and requires qualified workforce, whose shortage ends up increasing costs. This study aimed at evaluating the thinning effect of metamitron on peach trees at different periods of time after bloom. The experiment was carried out in a commercial orchard of ‘Sensação’ peach trees located in Morro Redondo, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, Brazil, in 2015-2016 crops. Treatments were the application of 200 mg L^-1 metamitron, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after full bloom (DAFB), and manual thinning 40 DAFB. Fruit abscission, effective fructification, period of manual and chemical thinning, number of fruits and yield per plant, mean fruit mass and fruit caliber were evaluated. When metamitron was applied 40 DAFB, percentages of fruit abscission and fruit set, besides the number of fruits, were similar to the ones found when manual thinning was carried out. The intensity of the thinning effect of metamitron in peach trees depends on the application period.

Keywords:
Prunus persica; fruit set; fruit abscission; manual thinning.

Authorship

Roseli de Mello Farias

Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. roseli-farias@uergs.edu.brUniversidade Estadual do Rio Grande do SulBrazilRio Grande do Sul, Brazil Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. roseli-farias@uergs.edu.br

Caroline Farias Barreto ^**Corresponding author: carol_fariasb@hotmail.com

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil carol_fariasb@hotmail.com; mellofarias@yahoo.com.br.Universidade Federal de PelotasBrazilCapão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil carol_fariasb@hotmail.com; mellofarias@yahoo.com.br.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5568-5305

Renan Ricardo Zandoná

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. renan_zandona@hotmail.com Universidade Federal de PelotasBrazilCapão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. renan_zandona@hotmail.com

Carlos Roberto Martins

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. carlos.r.martins@embrapa.brEmpresa Brasileira de Pesquisa AgropecuáriaBrazilPelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. carlos.r.martins@embrapa.br

Paulo Celso de Mello-Farias

*Corresponding author: carol_fariasb@hotmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (3)
Tables (3)

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Figure 1:
Fruit abscission of ‘Sensação’ peach trees submitted to manual and chemical thinning with metamitron at different application periods in Morro Redondo, RS, Brazil in 2015 - 2016 crops. Different small letters show differences in treatments in 2015 whereas different capital letters show differences in treatments in 2016, by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. MET = metamitron. DAFB = days after full bloom

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Figure
2: Mean daily temperature and solar radiation throughout the application period of metamitron in 2015 (A) and 2016 (B) in Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Embrapa Clima Temperado - Cascata, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.

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Figure 3:
Class of peach fruits submitted to manual thinning and chemical thinning with metamitron at different application periods after full bloom, in Morro Redondo, RS, Brazil in 2015 (A) and 2016 (B) crops. DAPF = days after full bloom. Means followed by the same small letter do not differ by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. ns = not significant.

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Table 1:
Treatments applied to peach trees in 2015-2016 crops: manual thinning and chemical thinning with metamitron at 200 mg L^-1, mean diameter and lignin deposition on peaches at different application periods after full bloom

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Table 2:
Fruit set and number of fruits per ‘Sensação’ peach tree submitted to manual thinning and chemical thinning with metamitron at different application periods in Morro Redondo, RS, Brazil in 2015-2016 crops

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Table 3:
Mean fruit mass and yield per plant of ‘Sensação’ peach trees submitted to manual thinning and chemical thinning with metamitron at different application periods in Morro Redondo, RS, Brazil in 2015-2016 crops

Figure 1: Fruit abscission of ‘Sensação’ peach trees submitted to manual and chemical thinning with metamitron at different application periods in Morro Redondo, RS, Brazil in 2015 - 2016 crops. Different small letters show differences in treatments in 2015 whereas different capital letters show differences in treatments in 2016, by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. MET = metamitron. DAFB = days after full bloom

Figure 2: Mean daily temperature and solar radiation throughout the application period of metamitron in 2015 (A) and 2016 (B) in Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Embrapa Clima Temperado - Cascata, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.

Figure 3: Class of peach fruits submitted to manual thinning and chemical thinning with metamitron at different application periods after full bloom, in Morro Redondo, RS, Brazil in 2015 (A) and 2016 (B) crops. DAPF = days after full bloom. Means followed by the same small letter do not differ by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. ns = not significant.

Table 1: Treatments applied to peach trees in 2015-2016 crops: manual thinning and chemical thinning with metamitron at 200 mg L^-1, mean diameter and lignin deposition on peaches at different application periods after full bloom

Treatments	Diameter (mm)	Lignin deposition
MET - 20 DAFB	07 - 09
MET - 30 DAFB	14 - 16
MET - 40 DAFB Manual thinning	19 - 21
MET - 50 DAFB	28 - 30
MET - 60 DAFB	29 - 31

Table 2: Fruit set and number of fruits per ‘Sensação’ peach tree submitted to manual thinning and chemical thinning with metamitron at different application periods in Morro Redondo, RS, Brazil in 2015-2016 crops

Treatments	Fruit set (%)		Number of fruits per plant
Treatments	2015	2016	2015	2016
Manual thinning	15.77^ns	14.85^ns	483 b	424^ns
MET - 20 DAFB	15.62	21.15	574 a	559
MET - 30 DAFB	16.64	19.75	445 b	494
MET - 40 DAFB	15.41	16.41	456 b	586
MET - 50 DAFB	15.40	19.71	579 a	599
MET - 60 DAFB	10.20	16.76	309 c	589
CV (%)	34.44	21.98	21.75	22.17

Means followed by the same small letter do not differ by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. MET = metamitron. DAFB = days after full bloom. CV = Coefficient of variation. ns = not significant.

Table 3: Mean fruit mass and yield per plant of ‘Sensação’ peach trees submitted to manual thinning and chemical thinning with metamitron at different application periods in Morro Redondo, RS, Brazil in 2015-2016 crops

Treatments	Mean fruit mass (g)		Yield per plant (Kg)
Treatments	2015	2016	2015	2016
Manual thinning	83.51 b	83.90 a	40,33 a	35,50
MET - 20 DAFB	87.04 a	74.53 a	49,95 a	41,60
MET - 30 DAFB	87.19 a	69.45 b	38,80 a	34,30
MET - 40 DAFB	79.97 b	74.48 a	36,46 a	41,65
MET - 50 DAFB	74.59 b	62.49 b	43,18 a	37,44
MET - 60 DAFB	90.63 a	65.32 b	28,05 b	38,45
CV (%)	8.33	14.25	19.75	18.84

Means followed by the same small letter do not differ by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. MET = metamitron. DAFB = days after full bloom. CV = Coefficient of variation. ns = not significant.

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