THE STATE OF RESEARCH ON CLEANER PRODUCTION IN BRAZIL

OLIVEIRA NETO, GERALDO CARDOSO; SHIBAO, FÁBIO YTOSHI; GODINHO FILHO, MOACIR

doi:10.1590/S0034-759020160508

GERALDO CARDOSO OLIVEIRA NETO

Professor at Universidade Nove de Julho, Programa de Mestrado em Engenharia de Produção - São Paulo - SP, Brazil. geraldo.prod@gmail.com

FÁBIO YTOSHI SHIBAO

Professor at Universidade Nove de Julho, Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Administração - Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade - São Paulo - SP, Brazil. fabio.shibao@gmail.com

MOACIR GODINHO FILHO

Professor at Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Engenharia da Produção - São Carlos - SP, Brazil. moacir@dep.ufscar.br

Authors	Title	Scope	Constructs
Authors	Title	Scope	Thematics	Research methods	Business segments	University	Enterprise	Governments	Country analisys
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Lopez (2008)	A tailored method for eco-innovation strategies and drivers (in the South)	Eco innovation
Radosevic (2008)Radosevic, S. (2008). A review of a literature on innovation, with a focus on policy and institutional implications. Paper prepared for the World Bank and presented at Globelics/Prime Conference, Mexico City.	A review of a literature on innovation, with a focus on policy and instiitutional implications	Technology, knowledge, science and policy	X			X	X	X	X
Yin (2009)	Bibliometric analysis of journal articles published by Southeast Asian chemical engineering researchers	Chemical engineering researchers, Journal studies				X		X	X
Brito & Berardi (2010)Brito, R. P., & Berardi, P. C. (2010). Vantagem competitiva na gestão sustentável da cadeia de suprimentos: Um metaestudo. RAE-Revista de Administração de Empresas, 50(2), 155-169. doi:10.1590/s0034-75902010000200003 https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-7590201000...	Competitive advantage in supply chain sustainable management: A meta study	Green supply chain, Sustainable supply chain	X				X
Velter et al. (2010)	The study of sustainability in administration: A survey of the “hot topics” published in the last decade	Sustainability	X
Yarime et al. (2010)Yarime, M., Takeda, Y., & Kajikawa, Y. (2010). Towards institutional analysis of sustainability science: A quantitative examination of the patterns of research collaboration. Sustainability Science, 5(1), 115-125. doi:10.1007/s11625-009-0090-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-009-0090-...	Towards institutional analysis of sustainability science: A quantitative examination of the patterns of research collaboration	Sustainability				X			X
Banchieri et al. (2011)	What has been said, and what remains to be said, about the balanced scorecard?	Balanced scorecard
Jung (2011)Jung, J. J. (2011). A bibliometric analysis on green supply chain management: A preliminary result. In: IEEE Conference on Commerce and Enterprise Computing, Luxembourg.	A bibliometric analysis on green supply chain management: A preliminary result	Green supply chain
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Leonidou & Leonidou (2011)Leonidou, C. N., & Leonidou, L. C. (2011). Research into environmental marketing/management: A bibliographic analysis. European Journal of Marketing, 45(1-2), 68-103. doi:10.1108/03090561111095603 https://doi.org/10.1108/0309056111109560...	Research into environmental marketing/ management: A bibliographic analysis	Environmental management	X	X
Manfrin et al. (2011)	Sustainability: The evolution of the theme in operations management - a literature review	Sustainability, Operations Management, Social Networks	X
Pereira et al. (2011)	Socio-environmental sustainability: A bibliometric study on the evolution of the concept in the area of operations management	Sustentaibility	X
Romo-Fernández et al. (2011)	Analysis of Europe’s scientific production on renewable energies	Renewable energy, Europe				X			X
Silva & Teixeira (2011)Silva, M. C., Teixeira, A. A. C. (2011). A bibliometric account of the evolution of EE in the last two decades: Is ecological economics (becoming) a post-normal science? Ecological Economics, 70(5), 849-862. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.11.016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010....	A bibliometric account of the evolution of EE in the last two decades Is ecological economics (becoming) a post-normal science?	Ecological economics	X	X
Yanhua et al. (2011)Yanhua, Z., Song, H., Hongyan, L., & Beibei, N. (2011). Global Environmental impact assessment research trends (1973-2009). Procedia Environmental Sciences, 11, 1499-1507. doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2011.12.226 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2011.12...	Global environmental impact assessment research trends (1973-2009)	Environmental impact assessment (EIA)				X			X
Assefa & Rorissa (2012)	A bibliometric mapping of the structure of STEM education using co-word analysis	Science education
Chai & Xiao (2012)Chai, K., & Xiao, X. (2012). Understanding design research: A bibliometric analysis of design studies (1996 e 2010). Design Studies, 33(1), 24-43. doi:10.1016/j.destud.2011.06.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2011.06...	Understanding design research: A bibliometric analysis of Design Studies (1996 e 2010)	Design studies	X			X			X
Costa & Boente (2012)Costa, G.S., & Boente, D.R. (2012). Análise do perfil da produção científica sobre ciclo de vida no período de 2000 a 2011. Revista Ambiente, 4(1), 106-119.	Analysis of the characteristic of the brazilian papers on the life cycle between 2000 and 2011	Life Cycle		X
Dassisti (2012)	Sustainable manufacturing as a game: A proposal of framework	Sustainability
Hoejmose & Adrien-Kirby (2012)Hoejmose, S.U., & Adrien-Kirby, A.J. (2012). Socially and environmentally responsible procurement: A literature review and future research agenda of a managerial issue in the 21st century. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 18(4), 232-242. doi:10.1016/j.pursup.2012.06.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2012.06...	Socially and environmentally responsible procurement: A literature review and future research agenda of a managerial issue in the	Responsible procurement, Corporate social responsibility	X	X			X
Machado et al. (2012)Machado, C. G., Manfrin, P. M., Lima, E. P., Silva, W. V., & Maciel, C. O. (2012). Sustainability operations management: An overview of research trends. In G. Lim & J. W. Herrmann, Proceedings of the 2012 Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Conference.	Sustainability operations management: An overview of research trends	Operations management, Sustainability		X		X			X
Poser et al. (2012)	Shades of green: Using computer-aided qualitative data analysis to explore different aspects of corporate environmental performance	Corporate environmental performance
Ramírez & Restrepo (2012)	Scientific research analysis of sectoral innovation systems	Innovation systems
Rocha et al. (2012a)	Electronic waste: A survey of scientific production and hot topics published in the Web of Science database in the last decade	Electronic waste	X		X
Rocha et al. (2012b)Rocha, A. C. R., Camargo, C. R., Kneipp, J. M., Ávila, L. V., Gomes, C. M., & Madruga, L. R. R. G. (2012b). Gestão para a sustentabilidade na indústria mineral: Um levantamento da produção científica e dos hot topics publicados na última década. Revista Estudos do CEPE, (36), 228-251.	Management for sustainability in the mineral industry: A survey of scientific production and hot topics published in the last decade	Mining industry				X			X
Romo-Fernández et al. (2012)Romo-Fernández, L. M., Guerrero-Bote, V. P., & Moya-Anegón, F. (2012). World scientific production on renewable energy, sustainability and the environment. Energy for Sustainable Development, 16(4), 500-508. doi:10.1016/j.esd.2012.06.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2012.06.00...	World scientific production on renewable energy, sustainability and the environment	Renewable energy				X		X	X
Rosa et al. (2012a)Rosa, F. S., Ensslin, S. R., Ensslin, L., & Lunkes, R. J. (2012a). Environmental disclosure management: A constructivist case. Management Decision, 50(6), 1117-1136. doi:10.1108/00251741211238364 https://doi.org/10.1108/0025174121123836...	Environmental disclosure management: A constructivist case	Environmental disclosure	X			X			X
Rosa et al. (2012b)Rosa, F. S., Lunkes, R. J., Pfitscher, E. D., Feliu, V. R., & Soler, C. C. (2012b). Contabilidad medioambiental en España: Proceso estructurado de revisión y análisis teórico referencial. Contabilidad y Negocios, 7(14), 23-48.	Environmental accounting in Spain: A structured process of review and theoretical reference analysis environmental accounting	Environmental accounting		X
Schiederig et al. (2012)	Green innovation in technology and innovation management – An exploratory literature review	Environmental innovation, Sustainable innovation	X
Avila et al. (2013)Ávila, L. V., Madruga, L. R. R. G., Zamberlan, J. F., & Barros, I. C. F. (2013). Água e sustentabilidade: Um levantamento da produção científica e dos hot topics publicados na última década. Engenharia Ambiental - Espírito Santo do Pinhal, 10(2), 3-21.	Water and sustainability: A survey of scientific production and hot topics published in the last decade	Water, Sustainability	X			X			X
Battistella et al. (2013)	The study of sustainability in administration: A research of the hot topics published in the last decade	Sustainable development	X
Buter & Van Raan (2013)	Identification and analysis of the highly cited knowledge base of sustainability science	Sustainability science	X
Du et al. (2013)Du, H., Wei, L., Brown, M. A., Wang, Y., & Shi, Z. (2013). A bibliometric analysis of recent energy efficiency literatures: An expanding and shifting focus. Energy Efficiency, 6(1), 177-190. doi:10.1007/s12053-012-9171-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-012-9171-...	A bibliometric analysis of recent energy efficiency literatures: an expanding and shifting focus	Energy efficiency				X			X
Lu & Liu (2013)	The knowledge diffusion paths of corporate social responsibility – From 1970 to 2011	Corporate social responsibility
Rocha et al. (2013)Rocha, A. C., Rosa, L. B., Camargo, C. R., Zamberlan, J. F., & Gomes, C. M. (2013). Gestão da cadeia de suprimentos e sustentabilidade: Um estudo bibliométrico da produção científica na base Web of Science. Revista Brasileira de Administração Científica, 4(1), 155-170. doi:10.6008/2fess2179-684x.2013.001.0010 https://doi.org/10.6008/2fess2179-684x.2...	Supply chain management and sustainability: A bibliometric study of scientific production in the Web of Science database	Supply chain management, Sustainability	X			X			X
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Vaughter et al. (2013)	Greening the Ivory Tower: A review of educational research on rustainability in post-secondary education	Sustainability, Education	X					X

Thematics																Thematics													Thematics
Cleaner Production									Environmental Management							Sustainable Development							Emergy						Environmental Education								Waste Management
Business segments	Methods						Ties	DC	Methods							Methods						Ties	Methods					Ties	Methods							Ties	Methods					Ties	Ties total	DC
Business segments	Case study	Laboratory research	Theoretical descriptive research	Cases multiples	Survey	Bibliometric	Ties	DC	Theoretical descriptive research	Case study	Survey	Laboratory research	Cases multiples	Bibliometric	Ties	Case study	Theoretical descriptive research	Laboratory research	Survey	Cases multiples	Bibliometric	Ties	Theoretical descriptive research	Case study	Laboratory research	Cases multiples	Action research	Ties	Case study	Theoretical descriptive research	Survey	Bibliometric	Laboratory research	Cases multiples	Action research	Ties	Laboratory research	Case study	Cases multiples	Survey	Theoretical descriptive research	Ties	Ties total	DC
Metal Mechanics	8	4		2	2		16	0.327	1	2					3							0						0								0						0	19	1,614
Agribusiness	6	7	2				15	0.306		1		1			2	3	1	1	1			6	3	2	1			6			1					1	2	2				4	34	2,744
Building	10	2	3				15	0.306	2	2	1				5	2	1		1			4	1		3	1		5	1	1	1					3						0	32	2,583
Sanitation	4	7	2				13	0.265	1	3		1			5	2						2	1		1			2	1							1						0	23	2,341
Chemical	4	6	2				12	0.245		4					4							0						0								0						0	16	1,372
Plastics	7	2		1			10	0.204							0							0						0	1							1						0	11	0.969
Education	4	4					8	0.163		2					2	1						1		1	1	1		3	4	1	2		1		1	9						0	23	1,776
Fuel	1	3	4				8	0.163	1						1		2	1				3						0				1				1		1				1	14	1,130
Furniture	8	3					11	0.224		1					1							0		1				1								0						0	13	1,049
Foods	2	4	1				7	0.143		2					2	2	2					4						0	2							2		1	1			2	17	1,695
Automotive	6	1					7	0.143	1	1					2							0					1	1		1						1				1		1	12	1,211
Electric	4	4	2				10	0.204		4					4	2	1					3	1	1				2								0	1					1	20	1,614
Textile	3	3					6	0.122		2					2							0						0								0	1					1	9	0.807
Ceramic	4	1					5	0.102							0							0						0								0						0	5	0.404
Several				4	1		5	0.102			4		2		6					2		2						0			1					1			1	1		2	16	1,291
Electronics	3	1					4	0.082	1						1							0						0								0					1	1	6	0.484
Graphic	3		1				4	0.082							0							0						0								0						0	4	0.323
Rubber	2	2					4	0.082							0	1						1						0								0						0	5	0.404
Landfill	1	2					3	0.061							0	1						1						0								0	3	1				4	8	0.646
Mining	2	1					3	0.061				1			1							0						0								0						0	4	0.323
Petrochemicals	2				1		3	0.061	1			1			2	1						1						0								0						0	6	0.565
Steel	2	1					3	0.061							0							0						0								0						0	3	0.242
Tanneries	2		1				3	0.061							0							0						0								0						0	3	0.323
Wooden artifacts	1	1		1			3	0.061							0							0						0								0						0	3	0.242
Others	11	9	19	1	0	1	41	0.837	25	6	1	0	0	1	33	7	10	1	0	0	1	19	6	3	2	0	0	11	3	4	0	1	0	1	0	9	2	4	1	1	2	8	103	.........
Ties total methods	100	68	37	9	4	1	219	.........	33	30	6	4	2	1	76	22	17	3	2	2	1	47	12	8	8	2	1	30	12	7	5	2	1	1	1	29	9	9	3	3	3	27	.........	.........
DC Methodology Individual Network Thematics	2.041	1.388	0.755	0.184	0.082	0.020		.........	0.150	0.136	0.027	0.018	0.009	0.005		0.100	0.077	0.014	0.009	0.009	0.005		0.055	0.036	0.036	0.009	0.005		0.055	0.032	0.023	0.009	0.005	0.005	0.005		0.041	0.041	0.014	0.014	0.014	0.123	.........	.........
DC Methodology General Network Thematics	1.695	1.153	0.627	0.153	0.068	0.017	16,676	.........	0.559	0.508	0.102	0.068	0.034	0.017	6,134	0.373	0.288	0.051	0.034	0.034	0.017	3,793	0.203	0.136	0.136	0.034	0.017	2,502	0.203	0.119	0.085	0.034	0.017	0.017	0.017	2,341	0.153	0.153	0.051	0.051	0.051	2,179	.........	.........
Cleaner Production								.........	Environmental Management							Sustainable Development							Emergy						Environmental Education								Waste Management
Density Thematics per year	2007		2009		2011	2013		.........	2007		2009		2011	2013		2007		2009		2011	2013		2007		2009		2011	2013	2007		2009		2011		2013		2008		2009		2011		2013	.........
	0.2756		0.3205		0.3516	0.3022		.........	0.1417		0.1026		0.1593	0.0714		0.0256		0.0321		0.1044	0.0934		0.0256		0.0321		0.1044	0.0934	0.0256		0.0321		0.1044		0.0934		Null		0.0321		0.0604		0.0549	.........
Ties per year	43		50		64	62		.........	17		16		29	14		4		5		19	19		4		9		7	11	1		7		14		7		Null		5		11		11	.........
DC per year	8,333		8,333		7,692	7,143		.........	3,295		2,667		3,486	1,613		0.775		0.833		2,284	2,189		0.775		1,500		0.0385	1,267	0.194		1,167		0.0769		0.806		Null		0.833		1,322		1,267	.........

Business segments	T	DC	Research methods	T	DC	Subjects
Metal Mechanics	16	0.696	Case study	8	0.348	(8) Economic and environmental benefits
			Laboratory research	4	0.174	(4) Reduction and non-generation of emissions and resource
			Cases multiples	2	0.087	(2) Reduction and non-generation of emissions and resource
			Survey	2	0.087	(1) Efficiency of the use of raw materials (1) Occupational health benefits
			Theoretical descriptive research, action research and bibliometrics	0	0	Not found
Agribusiness	15	0.652	Laboratory research	7	0.304	(4) Efficiency of the use of energy (3) Occupational health benefits
			Case study	6	0.261	(5) Efficiency of the use of energy (1) Reduction and non-generation of emissions and resource
			Theoretical descriptive research	2	0.087	(1) Reduction and non-generation of emissions and resource
			Cases multiples, survey, action research and bibliometrics	0	0	Not found
Building	15	0.652	Case study	10	0.435	(10) Recycling/reuse of wastes and emissions
			Theoretical descriptive research	3	0.13	(3) Reduction and non-generation of emissions and resource
			Laboratory research	2	0.087	(1) Recycling/reuse of wastes and emissions (1) Economic and environmental benefits
			Cases multiples, survey and bibliometrics.	0	0	Not found
Sanitation	13	0.565	Laboratory research	7	0.304	(7) Reduction and non-generation of emissions and resource
			Case study	4	0.174	(4) Efficiency of the use of water
			Theoretical descriptive research	2	0.087	(2) Recycling/reuse of wastes and emissions
			Cases multiples, survey, action research and bibliometrics	0	0	Not found
Chemical	12	0.552	Laboratory research	6	0.261	(3) Efficiency of the use of water (2) Reduction and non-generation of emissions and resource (1) Occupational health benefits
			Case study	4	0.174	(3) Recycling/reuse of wastes and emissions (1) Reduction and non-generation of emissions and resource
			Theoretical descriptive research	2	0.087	(2) Reduction and non-generation of emissions and resource
			Cases multiples, survey, action research and bibliometrics	0	0	Not found
Mining	3	0.13	Case study	2	0.087	(2) Occupational health benefits
Mining	3	0.13	Laboratory research	1	0.043	(1) Reduction and non-generation of emissions and resource.
Petrochemicals	3	0.13	Case study	2	0.087	(1) Efficiency of the use of water (1) Recycling/reuse of wastes and emissions
Petrochemicals	3	0.13	Survey	1	0.043	(1) Economic and environmental benefits
Steel	3	0.13	Case study	2	0.087	(1) Recycling/reuse of wastes and emissions (1) Efficiency of the use of energy
Steel	3	0.13	Laboratory research	1	0.043	(1) Reduction and non-generation of emissions and resource
Tanneries	3	0.13	Case study	2	0.087	(1) Economic and environmental benefits (1) Recycling/reuse of wastes and emissions
Tanneries	3	0.13	Theoretical descriptive research	1	0.043	(1) Efficiency of the use of water
Wooden artifacts	3	0.13	Case study	1	0.043	(1) Reduction and non-generation of emissions and resource
			Laboratory research	1	0.043	(1) Efficiency of the use of raw materials
			Cases multiples	1	0.043	(1) Economic and environmental benefits
Landfill	3	0.13	Laboratory research	2	0.087	(1) Recycling/reuse of wastes and emissions (1) Efficiency of the use of raw materials
Landfill	3	0.13	Case study	1	0.043	(1) Efficiency of the use of energy

Brazilian institutions										Foreign institutions
U - Brazilian universities	TR	IR	ER	D	U	Most relevant relations^a a University – U; Enterprise – E and Government – G. Total Relations – TR; Internal Relations – IR and External Relations - ER	T	DC		E- Foreign enterprises	TR	IR	ER	D	E	T	Most relevant relations^a a University – U; Enterprise – E and Government – G. Total Relations – TR; Internal Relations – IR and External Relations - ER	T	DC
U-UNIP/Brazil/SP (I)	88	48	40	0.0009	(I)	U-UNICAMP/Brazil/SP	4	0.106		E-Independent/UK/Richmond (I)	10	4	6	0.00019	(I)	6	U-USP/Brazil/SP	1	0.057
U-USP/Brazil/SP (II)	55	31	24	0.0005		U-IFSULDEMINAS/Brazil/MG	4	0.106		E-K-Utec/Germany/Sondershausen (II)	6	0	6	0.00019			U-UFRN/Brazil/RN	1	0.057
U-UfSC/Brazil/SC (III)	39	21	18	0.0004		U-USP/Brazil/SP	4	0.106		E-Barilla G/Italy/Parma (III)	4	0	4	0.0001			U-Uninove/Brazil/SP	1	0.057
U-UNICAMP/Brazil/SP (IV)	32	18	14	0.00031		U-UNESP/Brazil/SP	3	0.079		E-Grinover/Chile/Hurtado (IV)	4	0	4	0.0001			U-NTNU/Norway/Trondtheim	1	0.057
U-UFRGS/Brazil/RS (V)	15	1	14	0.00021		U-Fatec/Brazil/SP	3	0.079		E-Studiolce/Italy/Bologna (V)	4	0	4	0.0001			U-UNOPAR/Brazil/PR	1	0.057
U-UNESP/Brazil/SP (VI)	33	20	13	0.00039		E-Grinover/Chile/Hurtado	2	0.053		E-Advenient/USA/CA	2	0	2	0.00005			G-IPT/Brazil/SP	1	0.057
U-UTFPR/Brazil/PR (VII)	18	8	10	0.00029		E-Fleury/Brazil/SP	1	0.026		E-Aquatech/USA/Florida	2	0	2	0.00005	(II)	6	G-INPA/Brazil/AM	2	0.114
U-UCS/Brazil/RJ (VIII)	16	6	10	0.00025		G-Ipen/Brazil/SP	1	0.026		E-Brinkvos/Netherlands/Meppel	2	0	2	0.00005			U-UCB/Brazil/DF	2	0.114
G - Brazilian governments	TR	IR	ER	D	(II)	U-UNIP/Brazil/SP	4	0.106		E-Hortasrl/Italy/Piacenza	2	0	2	0.00005			G-INPA/Brazil/AM	2	0.114
G-INPA/Brazil/AM	6	0	6	0.0001		U-USP/Brazil/SP-SC	3	0.079		E-Jne/Usa/California	2	0	2	0.00005	(III)	4	E-Studiolce/Italy/Bologna	2	0.114
G-CEPIS/Brazil/PB	5	0	5	0.00008		U-UFTM/Brazil/MG	2	0.053		E-M&I/Canada/Mississauga	2	0	2	0.00005			E-Hortasrl/Italy/Piacenza	1	0.057
G-IPEN/Brazil/SP	14	9	5	0.00008		U-UFSCAR/Brazil/SC	2	0.053		E-Bmc/Netherlands/Moerdijk	1	0	1	0.00002			U-Roma Treuniversity/Italy/Roma	1	0.057
G-CETESB/Brazil/SP	3	1	2	0.00003		E-Pinheiro Pedro L./Brazil/SP	1	0.026		E-Cementos Cienfuegos/Cuba/Cienfuegos	1	0	1	0.00002	(IV)	4	U-UAH/Chile/Santiago	2	0.114
G-IPT/Brazil/SP	5	3	2	0.00003		E-Siemens/Germany/Erlangen	1	0.026		E-Siemens/Germany/Erlangen	1	0	1	0.00002			U-UNIP/Brazil/SP	2	0.114
G-SECTES/Brazil/MG	2	0	2	0.00003		E-Independent/Uk/Richmond	1	0.026		E-Axia/Usa/Washington	1	1	0	0.0000	(V)	4	E-Barilla G/Italy/Parma	2	0.114
G-APTA/Brazil/SP	1	0	1	0.00001		G-IPEN/Brazil/SP	1	0.026		E-Feat/India/Kapur	1	1	0	0.0000			E-Hortasrl/Italy/Piacenza	1	0.057
G-CDTN/Brazil/RJ	1	0	1	0.00001		G-Cetesb/Brazil/SP	1	0.026		E-Ineti/Portugal/Alfagride	1	1	0	0.0000			U-Roma Treuniversity/Italy/Roma	1	0.057
G-IDR/Brazil/PR	1	0	1	0.00001	(III)	U-UDESC/Brazil/SC	3	0.079		U - Foreign universities	TR	IR	ER	D	U	T	Most relevant relations^a a University – U; Enterprise – E and Government – G. Total Relations – TR; Internal Relations – IR and External Relations - ER	T	DC
G-CETEA-Ital/Brazil/SP	1	0	1	0.00001		U-UFRGS/Brazil/RS	2	0.053		U-Ntnu/Norway/Trondtheim (VI)	4	0	4	0.0001	(VI)	4	U-UFRN/Brazil/RN	2	0.114
G-Eletronuclear/Brazil/RJ	1	0	1	0.00001		U-UFRGS/Brazil/RS	2	0.053		U-UAH/Chile/Santiago (VII)	4	0	4	0.0001			U-UNOPAR/Brazil/PR	1	0.057
G-Fiocruz/Brazil/RJ	2	1	1	0.00001		U-UTFPR/Brazil/PR	2	0.053		U-Unison/Mexico/Sonora (VIII)	14	11	3	0.00007			E-Independent/Uk/Richmond	1	0.057
G-Furnas/Brazil/SP	1	0	1	0.00001		U-Univali/Brazil/SC	2	0.053		U-UCF/Cuba/Cienfuegos (IX)	4	1	3	0.00007	(VIIi)	4	U-UNIP/Brazil/SP	2	0.114
G-Amar/Brazil/RJ	1	1	0	0.0000	(IV)	U-UNIP/Brazil/SP	4	0.106		U-Leuven/Belgique/Leuven (X)	3	0	3	0.00007			E-Grinover/Chile/Hurtado	2	0.114
G-Eletronorte/Brazil/DF	1	1	0	0.0000		U-Uninove/Brazil/SP	3	0.079		U-Linkoping/Sweden/Linkoping (XI)	3	0	3	0.00007	(VIII)	3	U-Lowell/USA/Massachusetts	2	0.114
G-SABESP/Brazil/SP	4	4	0	0.0000		U-Senac/Brazil/SP	2	0.053		U-Ucans/Switzerland/Aargau	3	0	3	0.00007			U-UNIP/Brazil/SP	1	0.057
E-Brazilian enterprises	TR	IR	ER	D		E-CTBE/Brazil/SP	1	0.026		U-Brussel/Belgique/Brussel	3	1	2	0.00005	(IX)	3	U-Brussel/Belgium/Brussel	1	0.057
E-Sebrae/Brazil/Am	6	0	6	0.0001	(V)	U-Feevale/Brazil/RS	2	0.053		U-Lowell/USA/Massachusetts	3	1	2	0.00005			U-Leuven/Belgium/Leuven	1	0.057
E-Tecnoambi/Brazil/RS	3	0	3	0.00008		U-UDESC/Brazil/SC	2	0.053		U-Denmark/Denmark/Esbjerg	2	0	2	0.00005			E-Cementos Cienfuegos/Cuba/Cienfuegos	1	0.057
E-Senai/Brazil/RS	5	2	3	0.00008		U-UNIVALI/Brazil/SC	2	0.053		U-IESC/Portugal/Coimbra	2	0	2	0.00005	(X)	3	E-BMC/Nederlands/Moerdijk	1	0.057
E-CTC/Brazil/SP	2	0	2	0.00003		U-UfSC/Brazil/SC	2	0.053		U-Roma Treuniversity/Italy/Roma	2	0	2	0.00005			U-Brussel/Belgium/Brussel	1	0.057
E-Delmanto Lawyers/Brazil/SP	2	0	2	0.00003		E-Tecnoambi/Brazil/RS	1	0.026		U-Sai/Netherlands/Amsterdam	2	0	2	0.00005			U-UCF/Cuba/Cienfuegos	1	0.057
E-Embrapa/Brazil/DF	2	0	2	0.00003		E-Senai/Brazil/RS	1	0.026		U-Twente/Netherlands/Enschede	2	0	2	0.00005	(XI)	3	G-CEPIS/Brazil/PB	3	0.172
E-Figueiredo/Brazil/SP	2	0	2	0.00003	(VI)	U-FSP/Brazil/SP	3	0.079		U-Utad/Portugal/Villa Real	2	0	2	0.00005	G	T	Most relevant relations^a a University – U; Enterprise – E and Government – G. Total Relations – TR; Internal Relations – IR and External Relations - ER	T	DC
E-Senai/Brazil/CE	2	0	2	0.00003		U-UNIP/Brazil/SP	3	0.079		U-Winnipeg/Canada/Winnipeg	3	1	2	0.00005	(XII)	1	U-Cardiff/UK/Cardiff	1	0.057
E-Smart/Brazil/SP	2	0	2	0.00003		E-Delmanto L/Brazil/SP	1	0.026		U-Cardiff/UK/Cardiff	2	1	1	0.00002	(XIII)	0
E-Braskem/Brazil/SP	1	0	1	0.00001	(VII)	U-UFSC/Brazil/SC	2	0.053		U-Anna/India/Tamil Nadu	1	0	1	0.00002	(XIV)	0
E-CNH/Brazil/MG	1	0	1	0.00001		U-UEM/Brazil/PR	2	0.053		U-Coimbra/Portugal/Coimbra	1	0	1	0.00002	(XV)	0
E-CTBE/Brazil/SP	2	1	1	0.00001		U-UFPR/Brazil/PR	2	0.053		U-Complutense/Spain/Madri	1	0	1	0.00002
E-E2/Brazil/MG	1	0	1	0.00001	(VIII)	U-FTSG/Brazil/RS	2	0.053		U-Cranfield University/UK/Bedford	1	0	1	0.00002
E-Fat/Brazil/SP	1	0	1	0.00001		U-Unipampa/Brazil/RS	2	0.053		U-ESEB/Germany/Berlin	1	0	1	0.00002
E-Firjan/Brazil/RJ	1	0	1	0.00001		E-Tecnoambi/Brazil/RS	1	0.026		U-Evora/Portugal/Evora	1	0	1	0.00002
E-I3g/Brazil/SC	1	0	1	0.00001						U-Grenoble/France/Grenoble	1	0	1	0.00002
E-Klabin/Brazil/SP	1	0	1	0.00001						U-IFF/Norway/Trondhelm	1	0	1	0.00002
E-Pinheiro Pedro Lawyers/Brazil/SP	1	0	1	0.00001						U-Ljubljana/Slovenia/Ljubljana	1	0	1	0.00002
E-Psa/Brazil/SP	1	0	1	0.00001						U-NIT/India/Rourkela	1	0	1	0.00002
E-Senai/Brazil/BA	2	1	1	0.00001						U-Potosino/Mexico/San Luis Potosi	1	0	1	0.00002
E-Senai/Brazil/RJ	1	0	1	0.00001						U-UEA/UK/East Anglia	1	0	1	0.00002
E-Whirlpool/Brazil/SP	1	0	1	0.00001						U-UPV/Spain/Bilbao	1	0	1	0.00002
E-Fleury/Brazil/SP	1	0	1	0.00001						U-University of Madrid/Spain/ Madrid	1	0	1	0.00002
E-Innovatec's/Brazil/SP	1	0	1	0.00001						U-Bajio/Mexico/Bajio	2	2	0	0.0000
E-Rhodia/Brazil/SP	3	3	0	0.0000						U-KTU/Lithuania/Kaunas	2	2	0	0.0000
E-BSH/Brazil/SP	1	1	0	0.0000						U-New Orleans/USA/New Orleans	2	2	0	0.0000
E-Efil/Brazil/SP	1	1	0	0.0000						U-UNC/Argentina/Cordoba	2	2	0	0.0000
E-Geosystec/Brazil/SP	1	1	0	0.0000						U-Columbia/Canada/Columbia	1	1	0	0.0000
E-Ineti/Portugal/Alfagride	1	1	0	0.0000						U-Cordoba/Argentina/Cordoba	1	1	0	0.0000
E-Petrobras/Brazil/RJ	1	1	0	0.0000						U-IJL/France/Nancy	1	1	0	0.0000
E-Pinheiro Neto Adv/Brazil/SP	1	1	0	0.0000						U-Kth Royal/Sweden/Stockholm	1	1	0	0.0000
E-Sebrae/Brazil/RN	1	1	0	0.0000						U-Loughborough/UK/Loughborough	1	1	0	0.0000
E-Sherwin-William/Brazil/SP	1	1	0	0.0000						U-Maribor/Slovenia/Maribor	1	1	0	0.0000
E-Zinco/Brazil/SP	1	1	0	0.0000						U-Northampton/UK/Northampton	1	1	0	0.0000
										U-Piraeus/Greece/Piraeus	1	1	0	0.0000
										U-Rheinischen/Germany/Bonn	1	1	0	0.0000
										U-Roorkee/India/Roorkee	1	1	0	0.0000
									U-Tirana/Albania/Tirana	1	1	0	0.0000
									U-Uppsala/Sweden/Uppsala	1	1	0	0.0000
									U-UTLS/Polish/Bydgoszcs	1	1	0	0.0000
									G - Foreign governments	TR	IR	ER	D
									G-UNDP/USA/New York (XII)	1	0	1	0.00002
									G-CNCPC/China/Beijing (XIII)	4	4	0	0.0000
									G-ENEA/Italy/Roma (XIV)	1	1	0	0.0000
									G-LNEG/Portugal/Lisboa (XV)	1	1	0	0.0000

	Observed situation	How to change/improve this situation	Possible consequences in changing the observed situation	Possible barriers to change the observed situation
Thematics	(i) The thematic of cleaner production (219 ties) is the central component of the JCP congress. Some important thematics closely related to CP are scarcely studied. Examples are: Renewable Energy (1 tie) and Environmental Responsibility (1 tie). (ii) The most studied subjects within CP thematics are: Reduction and non-generation of emissions and resource (26 ties); Recycling/reuse of wastes and emissions (21 ties); Economic and environmental benefits (12 ties). The least studied subject within CP thematics is Efficiency of the use of raw materials (3 ties).	(i) Both thematics (renewable energy and environmental responsibility) are scarcely studied in Brazil. In order to address this situation, government should: (a) invest on research together with universities on such topics; (b) reduce taxes for companies which use renewable energy and are environmentally responsible; (c) establish programs in order to promote environmental awareness in companies and people. (ii) Efficiency of the use of raw materials is a subject with little studies in Brazil. This is due the fact that the great majorities of companies in Brazil do not use or even consider to use cleaner technologies. In order to change this situation, a simultaneous effort (companies, government and universities) is necessary to promote such effort.	(i) Research and application of renewable energy and environmental responsibility can lead Brazilian companies to improve their market opportunities and therefore, their competitiveness level. (ii) Efficiency of the use of raw materials can be useful for Brazil in the following ways: (a) reducing the consumption of natural resources; (b) contributing for companies to reduce their cost in the medium/long range.	- There is no law in Brazil that promotes environmental responsibility or the use of renewable energy. - Lack of long-range vision of entrepreneur who invest in Brazilian companies. - Lack of technology and specialized people able to work with renewable energy and to promote efficiency use of raw materials.
Research methods	Concerning CP thematics, the most used research methods were case study (a lot of them just exploratory), theoretical descriptive research and laboratory research. The least used research methods were multiple case study, survey and bibliometrics. Any action research paper was found.	Although the existence of a great number of case studies, the great majority of them are just exploratory. Other practical methods (multiple case, surveys and action research) are scarce and should be developed in order to widespread the subject and promote practical application. To promote the use of this type of research it is necessary a partnership between university and companies. This is rarely found in Brazil and need to be stimulated. In addition, the results should be presented in a more detailed way, once a lot of the case studies found are only exploratory.	The development of applied research tends to increase the enthusiasm of companies to implement CP technologies and methods. It is expected that this leads to a virtuous cycle between research generation and application of CP methods in Brazil.	- Some companies are reluctant in widespread information. - Some companies do not want to widespread negative results concerning the application of CP methods or environmental or economical results. - Brazilian Government should release more resources for CP project implementation for companies - Limited number of researchers exclusively dedicated to research.
Business segments	Some of the most studied business segments within CP were Metal Mechanics, Building and Agribusiness. Some of the least studied were Landfill, Petrochemicals, Steel, Mining, Tanneries and Wooden artifacts.	Some business segments, for its intrinsic characteristics, are more familiar with CP. It is necessary to promote CP into the business segments little studied in the present research.	The widespread of CP to sectors little studied so far can lead companies of such business segments to implement such technologies and methods.	- Lack of knowledge of entrepreneurs about government investments in CP Technologies, especially for some sectors. - Entrepreneurs are not sure about the benefits of the adoption of CP technologies and methods. - Lack of technology and specialized people able to work with CP.
Universities, governments and enterprises	(i) In the four years of the JCP congress, the participation of Brazilian universities, enterprises and government is superior to the participation of foreign universities, enterprises and government. The relative participation of international universities has increased during the last two events. The participation of international enterprises and governments is scarce and remain fairly stable during the four years of the events. (ii) The type of enterprise that have more participation in the event are consulting companies and service providers (iii) There is scarce relationship/partnership between Brazilian and foreign universities, enterprises and government. (iv) There is scarce relationship/partnership between universities, enterprises and government. This is valid in both, Brazilian and foreign institutions.	(i) Increase the bonds of external partnerships to incentivize foreign participation in the JCP congress. In order to increase the participation of companies it is necessary to publish papers in which the economic and social benefits of implementing CP are shown. (ii) Brazilian government should incentivize the development of joint research between universities and companies. An example of such effort is the Brazilian PPCS (Plano de Ação para Produção e Consumo Sustentáveis - 2011-2014), which aims at organizing the relationship between government, universities and enterprises. (iii) Partnership to generate research and practical applications between Brazilian and foreign universities, enterprises and government. China, Italy and Portugal, for example, have published various studies about CP; it is possible that a closer relationship with these countries would allow for the generation of more international submissions to the JCP congress. (iv) Partnership to generate research and practical applications between universities enterprises and government. One such initiative towards this direction is the development of integrated master’s and doctoral programs between Brazilian and foreign universities.	- Government support and the establishment of partnerships will increase the participation of international institutions in the event, which contribute to attract better quality articles and increase the level of the event. - Establishment of partnership between universities and companies and government tends to generate applied research. - The development of applied research tends to increase the enthusiasm of companies to implement CP technologies and methods. It is expected that this leads to a virtuous cycle between research generation and application of CP methods in Brazil. - Population being conscious of the importance of the sustainable consumption leads companies to implement CP - Brazil can learns from foreign experience.	- There are a lot of difficulties for the establishment of partnership between universities, enterprises and government and also between Brazilian and foreign institutions: scarce financial resources, low level of internationalization of Brazilian universities concerning CP subject, intensify control over environmental responsibility and create laws to encourage CP in Brazil.

[TFN1] a Density (D); Ties (T); Degree Centrality (DC)

Brasil

Brasil

THE STATE OF RESEARCH ON CLEANER PRODUCTION IN BRAZIL

O estado da pesquisa sobre produção mais limpa no Brasil

El estado de la investigación sobre producción más limpia en Brasil

ABSTRACT