Risk factors for HCV |
Results |
Conclusion |
|
Blood transfusion45 Digestive endoscopy |
90.5% of co-infected had HSS form 54.5% received blood transfusion |
Blood transfusion and endoscopy history are associated with the increase of HCV prevalence in HSS form. |
No risk factor36,a
|
Genotype 4 was the most prevalent in HS patients. The parenteral therapy was not associated with co-infection |
The HCV prevalence in HS patients is considered low (4.5%) and the genotype 4 is the most common in Sudan. |
No risk factor37,a
|
91% had SM 11.2% had anti-HCV+, only 2.2% were HCV RNA PCR+ Between 21 and 40 years old, the anti-HCV reactivity was 7.8% |
HCV infection has low prevalence in Sudan and the anti-SM parenteral therapy cannot be associated with co-infection. |
No risk factor8
|
65.9% were positive for SM 1.3% subjects with SM were positive for HCV The highest prevalence was found among children |
It is necessary to integrate helminth control targeting school-aged children to reduce the risk of PPF in future. |
Age older9 Genetic background |
OPG mean was higher among the Kenyans than Egyptians The PPF pattern was higher among Egyptians Hepatitis C is 3 times more prevalent among Egyptians |
Geographical differences are observed in relation to PPF patterns among the two populations. HCV is associated with active infection only among Egyptians, who present more severity and morbidity for co-infection. |
Blood transfusion40,a
|
57% were positive for HBV or HCV or both |
HCV infection may contribute to severity of liver damage when the subject has the HSS form. |
Anti-SM therapy (76%)29,a Blood transfusion (22.2%) Nosocomial exposure |
The mortality in group C was 48% after 6 years in comparison with group A (12%) and B (3%). HCC is most frequent in co-infected (33%) patients than mono-infected. Mortality was not affected by age, HCV RNA titer or genotype virus |
Patients co-infected are characterized by more advanced liver disease, higher HCV RNA titers, predominance of HCV genotype 4, higher inflammatory activity, incidence of cirrhosis and HCC with much higher mortality rate. |
Blood transfusion6
|
84.6% of anti-HCV+ had HCV RNA PCR+ with high aminotransferases, more cell decompensation and high rate of chronic hepatitis |
The rate of hepatitis B and C markers in HSS patients is higher than control group and it is responsible for a high frequency of liver damage. |
History of surgeries19,a Anti-SM parenteral treatment |
Anti-HCV was positive in 10.3% of subjects and 5% was positive for anti-HBV and anti-HCV |
Hepatitis B and C are the major public health problems in Egypt. Studies about epidemiology, natural history, risk factors and modes of transmission are necessary. |
No significance between groups was found for blood transfusion39
|
The HCV prevalence in co-infected group was higher (22%) than in control group (2%). 61.7% of co-infected had HCV-RNA circulating with high levels of liver enzymes, especially in HSS decompensated form |
Co-infection is a major factor contributing to the severity of liver disease in chronic SM and active replication of the virus in the liver or at extra-hepatic sites is strongly associated with severe liver disease. |
Blood transfusions2 Hemodialysis Anti-SM parenteral treatment |
The prevalence of anti-HCV was 46% in renal chronic patients, 22.1% in soldiers and 47.2% in chronic hepatic diseases |
HCV infection prevalence is high in Egypt, especially among patients with liver disorders. More studies are necessary to confirm this transmission route. |
No risk factors30
|
About 1550 samples examined by Kato-Katz technique, 49.1% were positive for SM. The anti-HCV was + in 15,9%, and increases with age |
No relationship among HBV or HCV and S. mansoniinfection is found in those living in endemic area for SM, with statistical significance. |
Blood transfusion32,a Sporadic contamination |
Prevalence of HCV serologic marker was 20% in group 1 and 4% in group 2. Among 10 HSS patients, 7 had received blood transfusion |
A high prevalence for anti-HCV markers is found in SM patients in comparison with healthy people. |