Neighborhood contextual characteristics and leisure-time physical activity: <i>Pró-Saúde</i> Study

Boclin, Karine de Lima Sírio; Faerstein, Eduardo; Leon, Antônio Carlos Monteiro Ponce de

doi:10.1590/S0034-8910.2014048004935

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Original Articles • Rev. Saúde Pública 48 (2) • Apr 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2014048004935 copy

Neighborhood contextual characteristics and leisure-time physical activity: Pró-Saúde Study

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE

To estimate the association between neighborhood contextual variables and leisure-time physical activity.

METHODS

Data were analyzed for 2,674 adults from Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Southeastern Brazil, participating in the longitudinal study in 1999. Leisure-time physical activity in the two preceding weeks was assessed dichotomously. Sex, age, income, education and marital status were analyzed as individual variables. Neighborhood contextual characteristics were the social development index, the Theil index and the proportion of the area occupied by parks, squares and gardens, categorized in quintiles. The unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using multilevel logistic regression.

RESULTS

The prevalence of leisure-time physical activity was higher in residents in neighborhoods with higher indices of social development (between 32.3% and 53.1%) and a greater proportion of parks, squares and gardens (between 35.8% and 53.1%). Regarding the social development index, the adjusted odds ratios for physical activity were 1.22 (95%CI 0.93;1.61), 1.44 (95%CI 1.09;1.89), 1.75 (95%CI 1.31;2.34) and 2.25 (95%CI 1.70;3.00) for residents in neighborhoods in the second, third, fourth and fifth quintiles, respectively, compared with residents in neighborhoods in the first quintile. The odds ratios for the proportion of parks, squares and gardens were 0.90 (95%CI 0.69;1.19), 1.41 (95%CI 1.04;1.90), 1.63 (95%CI 1.24;2.14) and 1.05 (95%CI 0.80;1.38) for residents in neighborhoods in the second, third, fourth and fifth quintiles. After adjusting for the other variables, only the social development index continued to be associated with leisure-time physical activity, with odds ratios of 1.41 (95%CI 1.02;1.95); 1.54 (95%CI 1.12;2.12); 1.65 (95%CI 1.14;2.39) and 2.13 (95%CI 1.40;3.25) for residents in neighborhoods in the second, third, fourth and fifth quintiles.

CONCLUSIONS

Leisure-time physical activity was more common in residents in neighborhoods with higher social development indices. No association was observed between access to leisure areas and income inequality.

Activities of Daily Living; Leisure Activities; Sedentary Lifestyle; Motor Activity; Green Areas; Environmental Health; Multilevel Analysis

Variable	n	%
Leisure-time physical activity^a
Yes	1,148	42.9
No	1,526	57.1
Sex
Male	1,136	42.5
Female	1,538	57.5
Age (years)
20 to 30	427	16.0
31 to 40	1,086	40.6
41 to 50	874	32.7
> 50	286	10.7
Schooling
Up to elementary education completed	491	18.4
Completed high school	955	35.7
Completed higher education or more	1,207	45.1
Per capita household income (MW)
< 3 MW	572	22.5
3 to 6 MW	954	37.6
> 6 MW	1,014	39.9
Marital status
Single	593	22.8
In a stable relationship	1,535	57.4
Separated or widowed	474	17.7

Variable	n	Prevalence (%)
Sex
Male	550	48.4
Female	598	38.9
Age (years)
20 to 30	174	40.7
31 to 40	472	43.5
41 to 50	385	44.1
> 50	117	40.8
Schooling
Up to elementary education completed	176	35.8
Completed high school	383	40.1
Completed higher education or more	580	48.1
Per capita household income (MW)
< 3	197	34.4
3 to 6	368	38.6
> 6	519	51.2
Marital status
Single	257	43.3
In a stable relationship	671	43.7
Separated or widowed	182	38.4
Theil index (quintiles)
0.26-0.36	177	41.6
0.37-0.40	221	39.4
0.41-0.45	186	35.6
0.46-0.51	256	46.0
0.52-1.11	308	50.6
Social development index (quintiles)
0.37-0.54	172	32.3
0.55-0.60	187	35.9
0.61-0.65	227	42.0
0.66-0.72	221	47.2
0.73-0.85	341	55.4
Proportion (%) of area occupied by parks, squares and gardens (quintiles)
0-0.15	195	36.9
0.16-0.747	186	35.8
0.76-2.97	205	48.2
3.05-7.37	350	53.1
7.41-74.87	212	39.2

Variable	Models 1^a		Models 2^b		Models 3^c

	LR	95%CI	LR	95%CI	LR	95%CI
Theil index (quintile)
0.26-0.36	1		1		1
0.37-0.40	1.00	0.68;1.43	1.00	0.73;1.40	1.17	0.85;1.62
0.41-0.45	0.76	0.53;1.10	0.78	0.56;1.09	0.86	0.63;1.18
0.46-0.51	1.15	1.02;1.66	1.13	0.81;1.56	1.11	0.81;1.52
0.52-1.11	1.51	1.02;2.26	1.35	0.95;1.93	1.17	0.86;1.59
Social development index (quintile)
0.37-0.54	1		1		1
0.55-0.60	1.19	0.91;1.57	1.22	0.93;1.61	1.41	1.02;1.95
0.61-0.65	1.53	1.17;2.02	1.44	1.09;1.89	1.54	1.12;2.12
0.66-0.72	1.91	1.41;2.57	1.75	1.31;2.34	1.65	1.14;2.39
0.73-0.85	2.75	2.08;3.63	2.25	1.70;3.00	2.13	1.40;3.25
Proportion (%) of the area occupied by parks, squares and gardens (quintile)
0-0.15	1		1		1
0.16-0.747	1.00	0.72;1.30	0.90	0.69;1.19	0.87	0.65;1.16
0.76-2.97	1.60	1.14;2.26	1.41	1.04;1.90	1.20	0.90;1.69
3.05-7.37	2.02	1.49;2.74	1.63	1.24;2.14	1.11	0.76;1.62
7.41-74.87	1.19	0.88;1.61	1.05	0.80;1.38	1.09	0.79;1.47

Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brazil, Tel./Fax: +55 11 3061-7985 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revsp@usp.br

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[1] Correspondence
: Karine de Lima Sírio Boclin Sousa Lima, 257 apto. 902 Copacabana 22081-010 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil E-mail: karine.boclin@gmail.com