Neves et al28 (2004) |
Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais July 1998 to June 1999 FD = 111 |
- Fetal death - Pregnancy, prenatal care, sedentary work, smoking, malformations |
Weight > 1,000 g and/or GA ≥ 28 weeks |
Questionnaire + medical records case-control study Population base Multivariate analysis |
FMR = 13.07‰ Risk factors: hemorrhage in the third quarter of pregnancy (OR = 38.6), diabetes (OR = 9.9), hypertension (OR = 7.1), having fewer than six consultations during prenatal care (OR = 4.2) |
Almeida et al1 (2007) |
14 districts in the city of Sao Paulo August 2000 to January 2001 FD = 172 Controls = 313 |
- Antepartum fetal death (164) - Socioeconomic factors, reproductive characteristics, maternal morbidity, prenatal care, smoking and alcohol use, IGR, fetal malformation, and gender |
Weight > 500 g or GA ≥ 22 weeks |
MIS + NISLB + interviews Case-control study Population base Hierarchical multivariate analysis |
Attributable fraction of the identified risk factors: inadequate prenatal care (40.0%), IGR (30.0%), hypertension (27.0%), union instability (26.0%), bleeding (11.0%), prior low birth weight (11.0%), low education (9.0%), malformation (7.0%), diabetes (5.0%) Losses: 20.0% |
Medeiros et al27 (2009) |
14 districts in the city of Sao Paulo August 2000 to January 2001 PD = 318 FD = 162 |
- Perinatal death (FD = 172) - Socioeconomic factors, reproductive characteristics, maternal morbidity, prenatal care, smoking and alcohol use, IGR, fetal malformation, and gender Environmental traffic pollution |
GA ≥ 22 weeks |
MIS + NISLB Case-control study Population base Hierarchical multivariate analysis using different models to evaluate fetal and neonatal death |
Risk factors: being a single mother (OR = 2.24), previous low birth weight (OR = 2.19), hemorrhage (OR = 6.14), hypertension (OR = 6.61), inadequate prenatal care (OR = 2.33), fetal malformations (OR = 4.17), delivery complications (OR = 3.31) No association with pollution Losses: > 15.0% |
Fonseca & Coutinho16 (2010) |
Jacarepaguá, city of Rio de Janeiro October 2002 to October 2004 LB = 7,134 FD = 140 |
- Fetal death - Socioeconomic factors, psychosocial factors, biological and behavioral factors of the mother, reproductive factors, prenatal care, IGR |
Weight ≥ 500 g and/or GA ≥ 22 weeks |
Interviews + review of medical records Hospital-based (SUS) case-control studies Hierarchical multivariate analysis with 2 models |
Risk factors: maternal morbidity (OR = 2.1), previous stillbirth (OR = 5.9), domestic violence (OR = 2.0), IGR (OR = 2.2) Protective factors: stable relationship (OR = 0.5), employment (OR = 0.6), presence of a partner at admission (OR = 0.3), adequate prenatal care (OR = 0.3) Losses: 4.0% |
Oliveira et al30 (2010) |
City of Rio de Janeiro July 1999 to March 2001 FD = 91 LB = 9,041 |
- Fetal and infant death experienced by women aged ≤ 35 years - Socioeconomic and demographic factors, maternal characteristics, prenatal care and delivery, infant weight, GA, gender |
Weight ≥ 500 g or GA ≥ 22 weeks |
Medical records + interviews Population base Cross-sectional study Hierarchical analysis |
FMR = 9.6‰ Risk factors: high blood pressure and pre-existing diabetes (OR = 2.43), GA < 37 weeks (OR = 12.3), weight < 2,500 g (OR = 5.7) Protective factor: adequate prenatal care (OR = 0.40) No significant correlation between adolescence and fetal death |
Restrepo-Méndez et al32 (2011) |
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 1982, 1993, and 2004 Single birth from mothers aged ≤ 30 years |
- Infant and fetal deaths - Adolescence, adjusted for socioeconomic and gestational factors |
GA > 28 weeks and/or weight > 1,000 g |
Interview + medical records Population base Cohort study Multivariate analysis |
No significant correlation was found between adolescence and fetal death, although the correlation was suggestive of protection: OR = 0.6 (95%CI 0.4;1.0) |
Klein et al21 (2012) |
Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul March 1998 to May 2004 LB = 10,980 FD = 138 |
- Fetal death - Sociodemographic factors, reproductive factors, maternal morbidity, malformations, infant weight, GA |
GA ≥ 20 weeks, and/or weight ≥ 500 g |
Review of medical records Hospital-based (SUS) case-control studies Hierarchical multivariate analysis |
FMR = 17.0‰ Risk factors: having fewer than 6 prenatal consultations (OR = 5.1), previous stillbirths (OR = 11.5), hypertensive syndrome (OR = 2.7), and malformations (OR = 9.7) |
Dumith et al12 (2012) |
Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 2007 LB = 2,500 |
- Perinatal outcomes - Factor: physical activity adjusted for age, prenatal care, education, income, parity |
GA ≥ 20 weeks, and/or weight ≥ 500 g |
Interview Population base Cross-sectional study Hierarchical multivariate analysis |
FMR = 15.0‰ Physical activity showed protection, with borderline significance: OR = 0.43 (p = 0.05) |
Andrade et al4 (2009) |
Recife, Pernambuco, June 2004 to March 2005 LB = 4.632 FD = 116 |
- Fetal death - Biological factors, demographic factors, clinical factors, lifestyle, obstetric care, prenatal care, health service use, birth weight, fetal gender |
Weight ≥ 500 g and / or GA ≥ 22 weeks |
Hospital records, medical records, interviews, and DC Case-control study Hospital base (SUS) Hierarchical multivariate analysis |
FMR = 24.4‰; 95.7% of antepartum death Risk factors: malformations (OR = 7.5), having less than 6 prenatal consultations (OR = 4.4), hemorrhage (OR = 2.9), pilgrimage (OR = 2.9), age ≥ 35 years (OR = 2.2), education < 8 years (OR = 1.6; 95%CI 1.02;2.6) |
Rigotto et al33 (2013) |
Ceará 2000-2010 |
- Fetal death and other complications - Pesticides |
– |
NISLB + MIS Ecological: linear regression comparing municipalities |
Gradual increase in FD in municipalities with high exposure to pesticides; R2 = 0.75 |
Siqueira et al37 (2010) |
Brazil, 26 states, except Federal District, 2001 LB = 3,115,474 FD = 38,759 |
Reproductive outcomes, including fetal death - Use of pesticides |
– |
NISLB + MIS Ecological study Multivariate analysis |
No correlation was observed between fetal death and use of pesticides |