Family influence on the consumption of sugary drinks by children under two years old

Jaime, Patricia Constante; Prado, Rogério Ruscitto do; Malta, Deborah Carvalho

doi:10.1590/S1518-8787.2017051000038

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Sumário

Original Articles • Rev. Saúde Pública 51 (suppl 1) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1518-8787.2017051000038 copy

Family influence on the consumption of sugary drinks by children under two years old

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the influence of family habits and household characteristics on the consumption of sugary drinks by Brazilian children under two years old.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional study that used secondary data generated by the National Health Survey (PNS) in 2013. We studied 4,839 pairs of children under two years old and adults living in the same house. We estimated the prevalence of the indicator of sugary drinks consumption for the total sample of children and according to family and household variables. We applied multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate the influence of family habits and household characteristics on the consumption of sugary drinks by the children.

RESULTS

The consumption of sugary drinks was identified in 32% of the studied children (95%CI 30.6-33.3) and was independently associated with the following family and household characteristics: regular consumption of sugary drinks by the adult living in the house (OR = 1.78; 95%CI 1.51-2.10), watching TV for more than three hours per day (OR = 1.22; 95%CI 1.03-1.45), older age (OR = 3.10; 95%CI 1.54-6.26), greater education level (OR = 0.70; 95%CI 0.53-0.91), house located in the Northeast region (OR = 0.65; 95%CI 1.54-6.26), and number of family members (OR = 1.05; 95%CI 1.00-1.09).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings indicate the high prevalence of sugary drinks consumption by Brazilian children under two years old and show that sociodemographic characteristics and family habits affect this feeding practice not recommended in childhood.

Infant; Beverages; Dietary Sucrose; Food Consumption; Diet Surveys; Health Surveys

Variable	n	%
Children under 2 years old (n = 4,839)
Consumption of sugary drinks (children < 2 years)
Yes	1,569	32.0
No	3,270	68.0
Adults (n = 4,839)
Sex
Male	1,843	38.1
Female	2,996	61.9
Age (years)
18-29	2,274	47.0
30-59	2,404	49.7
60-64	60	1.2
≥ 65	101	2.1
Education level
Illiterate/some elementary or middle school	1,610	33.3
Elementary or middle school/some high school	1,008	20.8
High school/some higher education	1,674	34.6
Higher education degree	547	11.3
Regular consumption of sugary drinks (> 5 days/week)
Yes	1,308	27.0
No	3,531	73.0
Smoking
No	4,149	85.7
Yes	690	14.3
Physical activity (> 150 min/week)
Active	2,387	49.3
Inactive	2,452	50.7
Watching TV (> 3 hours/day)
No	3,246	67.1
Yes	1,593	32.9
Body mass index (kg/m²)
< 25	1,567	49.1
≥ 25	1,626	50.9
Household
Place of residence
Urban	3,812	79.1
Rural	1,006	20.9
Region
North	1,417	29.3
Northeast	1,448	29.9
Southeast	867	17.9
South	507	10.5
Midwest	600	12.4

Variable	%	95%CI
Consumption of sugary drinks (children < 2 years)	32.0	30.6–33.3
Family habits*
Regular consumption of sugary drinks (> 5 days/week)
No	28.0	25.4–30.8
Yes	41.8	39.2–44.5
Smoking
No	31.4	27.9–35.1
Yes	35.0	31.6–38.6
Physical activity (> 150 min/week)
Active	33.2	30.5–36.0
Inactive	30.6	28.8–32.5
Watching TV (> 3 hours/day)
No	30.7	28.0–33.6
Yes	34.7	32.3–37.2
Body mass index (kg/m²)
< 25	29.7	26.7–32.9
≥ 25	32.8	30.6–35.1
Sex
Male	31.4	28.8–34.1
Female	32.4	30.6–34.2
Age (years)
18-29	32.1	20.0–47.1
30-59	31.8	19.8–46.7
60-64	32.6	17.2–52.9
≥ 65	34.0	19.2–52.7
Education level
No education/some elementary or middle school	33.3	28.6–38.4
Elementary or middle school/some high school	35.3	30.1–40.8
High School/some higher education	30.4	26.0–35.3
Higher education degree	26.7	23.1–30.7
Household variables
Place of Residence
Urban	30.5	27.1–34.2
Rural	32.2	30.7–33.6
Region
North	32.7	26.9–39.0
Northeast	24.3	20.1–29.2
Southeast	34.7	29.6–40.2
South	38.7	32.6–45.2
Midwest	34.7	30.1–39.7

Variable	OR _{not adjusted}	95%CI	OR _adjusted*	95%CI
Regular consumption of sugary drinks (> 5 days/week)
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	1.85	1.62–2.11	1.78	1.51–2.1
Smoking
No	1.00
Yes	1.18	1.00–1.39
Physical activity (> 150 min/week)
Active	1.00
Inactive	0.89	0.79–1.01
Watching TV (> 3 hours/day)
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	1.20	1.05–1.37	1.22	1.03–1.45
Body mass index (kg/m²)
< 25	1.00		1.00
≥ 25	1.16	1.00–1.34	1.12	0.96–1.31
Sex
Male	1.00		1.00
Female	1.05	0.93–1.19	1.03	0.88–1.21
Age (years)
18-29	1.00		1.00
30-59	0.99	0.87–1.12	1.11	0.94–1.32
60-64	1.03	0.58–1.82	0.56	0.20–1.62
≥ 65	1.09	0.69–1.73	3.10	1.54–6.26
Education level
No education/some elementary or middle school	1.00		1.00
Elementary or middle school/some high school	1.09	0.92–1.29	1.06	0.84–1.34
High school/some higher education	0.88	0.76–1.02	0.86	0.70–1.05
Higher education degree	0.73	0.59–0.91	0.70	0.53–0.91
Place of residence
Urban	1.00
Rural	0.93	0.78–1.10
Region
North	1.00		1.00
Northeast	0.66	0.53–0.82	0.65	0.48–0.86
Southeast	1.10	0.90–1.34	1.12	0.85–1.47
South	1.30	1.03–1.65	1.30	0.96–1.76
Midwest	1.10	0.83–1.45	1.05	0.74–0.49
Number of household members	1.02	0.99–1.06	1.05	1.00–1.09

Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brazil, Tel./Fax: +55 11 3061-7985 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revsp@usp.br

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[1] Correspondence: Patricia Constante Jaime. Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública – USP. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715. 01246-904 São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E-mail: constant@usp.br