Factors associated with the receipt of pensions among older adults: ELSI-Brazil

Andrade, Eli Iola Gurgel; Cherchiglia, Mariângela Leal; Souza Junior, Paulo Roberto Borges de; Andrade, Fabíola Bof de; Mambrini, Juliana Vaz de Melo; Lima-Costa, Maria Fernanda

doi:10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052000665

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Sumário

Supplement ELSI-Brazil, Original Article • Rev. Saúde Pública 52 (Suppl 2) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052000665 copy

Factors associated with the receipt of pensions among older adults: ELSI-Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE

To describe the prevalence of receipt of pensions and associated factors in a nationally representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 50 years and over.

METHODS

We used data from 9,130 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) baseline survey. The outcome variable was receipt of pensions from any source. The exploratory variables were age, gender, residence by region and by urban/rural area, household arrangements, schooling, household assets, perception of income sufficiency, age when started working, number of chronic diseases, and functional limitation. The analyses were based on the Poisson and binary logistic regressions.

RESULTS

The prevalence of the receipt of pension was 54.3%. In the multivariate analysis, the following factors showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) associations with the outcome: age [Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 2.59 and 3.24 for 60–69 and 70 years], rural residence (PR = 1.23 ), residence in the Northeast, South and Southeast compared to the North (PR ranging from 1.18 to 1.23), living arrangements (PR = 1.07 and 1.15 for living with one person and living alone), perception of income sufficiency (PR = 1.08 and 1.15 for sometimes and always), functional limitation (PR = 1.13) and having 1 and ≥ 2 chronic diseases (PR = 1,09 and 1,17). Negative association was observed for 5-8 years of education. No association between age when the individual started working and the outcome was observed. Younger participants (50–59 years old) with ≥ 2 diseases or functional limitation were 31% and 63% more likely to receive pensions, respectively; the strength of these associations declined with age.

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest that health conditions are important determinants of early retirement. Discussions to increase age to the retirement cannot be separated from those on improvements in the health conditions of the Brazilian population.

Aged; Retirement; Pensions; Health Status; Socioeconomic Factors; Health Surveys

Characteristic	% or mean^a	95%CI
Receipt of pension	54.3	51.1–57.4
Age group (years)
50–59	47.9	43.8–52.08
60–69	29.7	27.9–31.5
70 and over	22.4	19.7–25.4
Mean age (years)	62.9	62.1–63.8
Female	54.0	50.9–57.0
Living in rural area	15.2	11.1–20.5
Region of residence
North	5.6	2.3–12.8
Northeast	24.2	15.9–34.9
Southeast	47.3	35.6–59.2
South	16.4	8.6–28.9
Midwest	6.6	3.0–13.8
Living arrangements
Living with two or more persons	58.9	56.3–61.5
Living with one person	32.2	30.1–34.3
Living alone	8.9	8.0–9.9
Complete years of schooling
Never studied	13.3	10.9–16.0
1–4	38.0	35.8–40.3
5–8	21.6	19.2–24.0
9 or more	27.1	24.8–29.6
Score of household goods (quartiles)
1st (lowest)	25.0	20.7–29.8
2nd	24.9	23.1–26.7
3rd	25.1	22.8–27.6
4th (highest)	25.1	21.8–28.6
Perception of income sufficiency for household expenses
Never enough	40.9	37.8–44.1
Sometimes enough	25.7	24.0–27.5
Alwasys enough	33.4	30.9–36.0
Age at which started working (in years)
5–14	67.0	64.0–69.9
15–25	29.7	27.2–32.2
26 and over	3.3	2.6–4.1
Number of chronic diseases^b
None	29.2	27.5–31.0
One	34.8	33.3–36.3
Two or more	36.0	34.1–38.0
Functional disability^c	15.9	14.6–17.3

Characteristic	%^a	95%CI	p^d
Age group (years)
50–59	26.1	23.7–28.6	< 0.001
60–69	71.1	68.6–73.5
70 and over	92.3	90.6–93.6
Sex
Male	52.2	50.4–58.0	0.952
Female	54.2	50.7–57.9
Residence
Urban	52.3	49.1–55.4	< 0.001
Rural	65.4	59.4–71.0
Region of residence
North	41.6	33.8–49.8	0.117
Northeast	56.4	50.5–62.1
Southeast	53.8	48.9–58.6
South	59.3	50.2–67.8
Midwest	48.1	38.1–58.4
Living arrangements
Living with two or more persons	47.9	44.7–51.2	< 0.001
Living with one person	61.0	57.5–64.4
Living alone	72.1	67.8–76.0
Complete years of schooling
Never studied	71.8	66.7–76.3	< 0.001
1–4	59.3	55.4–63.1
5–8	42.1	37.9–46.4
9 or more	48.2	44.1–52.2
Score of household goods (quartiles)
1st (lowest)	58.0	53.6–62.3	0.047
2nd	54.4	50.2–58.5
3rd	53.6	49.2–57.9
4th (highest)	51.2	47.3–55.1
Perceived sufficiency of family income for all expenses of the household
Never enough	47.1	44.2–49.9	< 0.001
Sometimes enough	52.7	48.4–57.0
Always enough	64.3	60.3–68.2
Age at which started working (in years)
5–14	55.7	51.8–59.4	0.021
15–25	50.5	47.2–53.9
26 and over	54.0	45.2–62.5
Number of chronic diseases^b
None	42.6	38.5–46.8	< 0.001
One	52.9	49.2–56.4
Two or more	65.1	62.0–68.0
Functional disability^c
No	51.9	48.6–55.3	< 0.001
Yes	66.7	62.9–70.2

Characteristic	Prevalence ratio^a	95%CI^a
Age group (versus 50–59 years)
60–69	2.59	2.37–2.83
70 and over	3.24	2.95–3.55
Rural residence (versus urban)	1.23	1.13–1.34
Region of residence (versus North)
Northeast	1.21	1.08–1.35
Southeast	1.18	1.06–1.32
South	1.23	1.07–1.41
Midwest	1.10	0.95–1.27
Living arrangements (versus living with two or more persons)
Living with one person	1.07	1.03–1.12
Living alone	1.15	1.09–1.22
Complete years of schooling (versus never studied)
1–4	0.96	0.92–1.00
5–8	0.88	0.81–0.96
9 or more	1.02	0.93–1.11
Perception of income sufficiency for household expenses (vs. never enough)
Sometimes enough	1.08	1.03–1.14
Always enough	1.15	1.09–1.21
Number of chronic diseases^b
One	1.09	1.03–1.15
Two or more	1.17	1.10–1.24
Functional disability (versus no)^c	1.13	1.07–1.20

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[1] Correspondence: Eli Iola Gurgel Andrade. Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, Sala 724. 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. E-mail: iola@medicina.ufmg.br