Abstract

VERDE, Frederico A. Lima et al. Hyponatremia in visceral leishmaniasis. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo [online]. 2010, vol.52, n.5, pp. 253-258. ISSN 0036-4665.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652010000500006.

There are few reports linking hyponatremia and visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar). This is a study of 55 consecutive kala-azar patients and 20 normal individuals as a control group. Hyponatremia and serum hypo-osmolality were detected in 100% of kala-azar patients. High first morning urine osmolality (750.0 ± 52.0 vs. 894.5 ± 30.0mOsm/kg H₂O, p < 0.05), and high 24-hour urine osmolality (426.0 ± 167.0 vs. 514.6 ± 132.0 mOsm/kg H₂O, p < 0.05) demonstrated persistent antidiuretic hormone secretion. Urinary sodium was high (82.3 ± 44.2 vs.110.3 ± 34.7 mEq/L, p < 0.05). Low seric uric acid occurred in 61.8% of patients and increased fractional urinary uric acid excretion was detected in 74.5% of them. Increased glomerular filtration rate was present in 25.4% of patients. There was no evidence of extracellular volume depletion. Normal plasma ADH levels were observed in kala-azar patients. No endocrine or renal dysfunction was detected. It is possible that most hyponatremic kala-azar patients present the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

Keywords : Hyponatremia; Hypo-osmolality; Hypouricemia; Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion; Visceral leishmaniasis.