CHARACTERIZATION OF MOLLUSCICIDAL COMPONENT OF Moringa oleifera LEAF AND Momordica charantia FRUITS AND THEIR MODES OF ACTION IN SNAIL Lymnaea acuminata

Upadhyay, Aparna; Singh, Vinay K.; Singh, Dinesh K.

doi:10.1590/S0036-46652013000400006

Aparna Upadhyay

Vinay K. Singh

Dinesh K. Singh

Correspondence to: Prof. D.K. Singh, Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, UP, India. Tel: +91 551 2202187(O)/0509(R). E-mail: dksingh_gpu@yahoo.co.in

Figures (9)
Tables (3)

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Fig. 1
Regression analysis in between LC₅₀ of different preparations of Moringa oleifera and exposure time.

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Fig. 2
Regression analysis in between LC₅₀ of different preparations of Momordica chaiarant and exposure time.

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Fig. 3
High performance liquid chromatogram of column purified Moringa oleifera and toxicity of their different preparations viz. Leaf powder (LP), Chloroform extract (CE), Ether extract (EE), Acetone extract (AE), Ethanol extract (ET) and Column purified extract (CP) against the snail Lymnaea acuminata at different exposure period. LCL (Lower confidence limit), UCL (Upper confidence limit).

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Fig. 4
High performance liquid chromatogram of column purified Momordica charantia and toxicity of their different preparations viz. Fruit powder (FP), Chloroform extract (CE), Ether extract (EE), Acetone extract (AE), Ethanol extract (ET) and Column purified extract (CP) against the snail Lymnaea acuminata at different exposure period. LCL (Lower confidence limit), UCL (Upper confidence limit).

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Fig. 5
High performance liquid chromatogram of Benzylamine and its toxicity against the snail Lymnaea acuminata at different exposure period. LCL (Lower confidence limit), UCL (Upper confidence limit).

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Fig. 6
High performance liquid chromatogram of Momordicine and its toxicity against the snail Lymnaea acuminata at different exposure period. LCL (Lower confidence limit), UCL (Upper confidence limit).

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Fig. 7
Lineweaver-Burk plots showing the effects of active molluscicidal components benzylamine (0.7 mM) (a) and momordicine (0.15 mM) (b) on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the nervous tissues of snail Lymnaea acuminata.

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Fig. 8
Lineweaver-Burk plots showing the effects of active molluscicidal components benzylamine (0.7 mM) (a) and momordicine (0.15 mM) (b) on the inhibition of acid phosphatase (ACP) activity in the nervous tissues of snail Lymnaea acuminata.

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Fig. 9
Lineweaver-Burk plots showing the effects of active molluscicidal components benzylamine (0.7 mM) (a) and momordicine (0.15 mM) (b) on the inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the nervous tissues of snail Lymnaea acuminata.

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Table 1
In vivo effect of 24 h and 96 h exposure to sublethal concentration of benzylamine and momordicine on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the nervous tissue of Lymnaea acuminata

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Table 2
In vitro effect of different concentrations (mM) of benzylamine and momordicine on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the nervous tissue of Lymnaea acuminata

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Table 3
Kinetic constant (K_m and V_max) of different enzyme inhibition by benzylamine (0.7 mM) and momordicine (0.15 mM) in snail Lymnaea acuminata

Enzyme	treatment	Enzyme activity
		Control	24 h		96 h
		Control	40% of LC₅₀A (5.74 ppm)B (7.61 ppm)	80% of LC₅₀A (11.49 ppm) B (15.22 ppm)	40% of LC₅₀A (0.94 ppm) B (0.49 ppm)	80% of LC₅₀A (1.89 ppm) B (0.98 ppm)
AChE	Benzylamine	0.74±0.02 (100)	0.64±0.003^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (86.89)	0.63±0.00^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (85.27)	0.54±0.003^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (73.51)	0.42±0.011^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (57.02)
	Momordicine	0.74±0.02 (100)	0.53±0.005^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (71.21)	0.48±0.005^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (64.32)	0.40±0.007^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (54.05)	0.36±0.005^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (48.91)
ACP	Benzylamine	35.44±0.05 (100)	28.56±0.01^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (80.58)	19.60±0.17^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (55.30)	18.12±0.11^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (51.12)	14.44±0.04^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (40.74)
	Momordicine	35.44±0.05 (100)	20.68±0.02^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (58.35)	18.97±0.03^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (53.52)	17.88±0.06^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (50.45)	15.03±0.16^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (42.40)
ALP	Benzylamne	32.44±0.15 (100)	24.05±0.01^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (74.13)	21.51±0.01^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (75.30)	19.55±0.16^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (68.80)	17.82±0.22^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (63.62)
	Momordicine	32.44±0.15 (100)	21.13±0.03^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (68.80)	18.29±0.07^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (59.55)	17.54±0.37^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (57.11)	16.34±0.04^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (53.20)

Enzyme	Treatment	Enzyme activity
AChE	Benzylamine	Control 0.73±0.02 (100)	0.3 mM 0.65±0.01^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (88.35)	0.5 mM 0.57±0.007^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (79.17)	0.7 mM 0.54±0.003^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (73.97)	0.8 mM 0.43±0.002^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (59.86)
	Momordicine	Control 0.73±0.02 (100)	0.06 mM 0.54±0.01^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (73.42)	0.11 mM 0.51±0.03^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (70.27)	0.15 mM 0.48±0.007^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (66.02)	0.19 mM 0.36±0.004^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (49.31)
ACP	Benzylamine	Control 35.07±0.01 (100)	0.3 mM 30.08±0.03^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (85.71)	0.5 mM 25.33±0.04^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (77.22)	0.7 mM 18.34±0.01^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (52.29)	0.8 mM 15.40±0.02^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (43.91)
	Momordicine	Control 35.07±0.01 (100)	0.06 mM 22.36±0.01^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (63.75)	0.11 mM 19.13±0.01^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (54.54)	0.15 mM 17.82±0.04^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (50.81)	0.19 mM 16.12±0.01^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (45.96)
ALP	Benzylamine	Control 30.71±0.27 (100)	0.3 mM 21.13±0.03^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (68.80)	0.5 mM 18.29±0.07^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (59.55)	0.7 mM 17.54±0.37^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (57.11)	0.8 mM 16.34±0.04^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (53.20)
	Momordicine	Control 30.71±0.27 (100)	0.06 mM 24.15±0.03^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (78.63)	0.11 mM 20.37±0.21^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (66.33)	0.15 mM 19.55±0.16^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (63.66)	0.19 mM 17.82±0.22^* * Significant (p < 0.05) when Student's t-test was used for locating difference between treated and control group of animals. (58.02)

Enzymes	Untreated (control)		Treated (benzylamine)		Treated (momordicine)
Enzymes	K_m	V_max	K_m	V_max	K_m	V_max
AChE	7.69×10⁻⁴	1.67	10×10⁻⁴	1.67	2.85×10⁻⁴	0.48
ACP	1.89×10⁻⁵	58.82	1.40×10⁻⁵	45.45	1.85×10⁻⁵	47.61
ALP	2.12×10⁻⁵	66.67	3.22×10⁻⁵	62.50	2.12×10⁻⁵	52.63

[1] Correspondence to: Prof. D.K. Singh, Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, UP, India. Tel: +91 551 2202187(O)/0509(R). E-mail: dksingh_gpu@yahoo.co.in

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CHARACTERIZATION OF MOLLUSCICIDAL COMPONENT OF Moringa oleifera LEAF AND Momordica charantia FRUITS AND THEIR MODES OF ACTION IN SNAIL Lymnaea acuminata

Caracterização do componente moluscicida das folhas da Moringa oleifera e das frutas da Momordica charantia e seus modos de ação sobre o caramujo Lymnaea acuminata

SUMMARY