Positive urine cultures (n) |
9,798 |
566 |
1,252 |
957 |
37,261 |
78 |
186; 118 E. coli
|
106 |
78,964 |
611 |
Setting of study |
Curitiba, Southern of Brazil |
Campina Grande, Northeastern of Brazil |
Presidente Prudente, Southeastern of Brazil |
Porto Alegre, Southern of Brazil |
São Paulo, Southeastern of Brazil |
Ribeirão Preto, Southeastern of Brazil |
Rio de Janeiro, So utheastern of Brazil |
Ponta Grossa, Southern of Brazil |
Juiz de Fora, Southeastern of Brazil |
Brasília, Florianópolis, Porto Alegre,
São Paulo, Brazil |
Period of study |
May to Dec 2009 |
Jan 2006 to Jun 2008 |
Jan 2006 to Dec 2007 |
Jan 2000 to Dec 2004 |
Jan 2000 to Dec 2003 |
Jul 2000 and Jul 2003. |
Mar 2005 to Nov 2006 |
Jan to Dec 2001 |
2001 to 2009 |
Jan to Dec 2013 |
Year of publication |
2012 |
2010 |
2009 |
2008 |
2007 |
2007 |
2009 |
2006 |
2012 |
2006 |
Antibiogram method |
Vitek 2 |
disk diffusion |
disk diffusion |
disk diffusion |
disk diffusion, Vitek 1 |
disk diffusion |
disk diffusion and E-test |
disk diffusion |
disk diffusion |
microdilution |
Standardization |
CLSI |
CLSI |
CLSI |
CLSI |
CLSI |
CLSI |
CLSI |
CLSI |
CLSI |
CLSI |
Females (%) |
88% |
85.2% |
69.01% |
81.3% |
88.8% |
not available |
100% |
70% |
69.8% |
75.6% |
Most frequent age strata |
21-40 years (36.9%) |
> 60 years (36.9%) |
20-49 years (52.95%) |
not available |
13-60 years (60.0%) |
not available |
not available |
not available |
not available |
not available |
Gram-negatives (%) |
not available |
not available |
84.42% |
not available |
87.3% |
100% |
100% |
92.5% |
100% |
not available |
E. coli (%) |
66.1% |
48.2% |
65.97% |
66.2% |
71.6% |
100% |
100% |
58.6% |
72.4% |
66% |
Other frequent agents (%) |
Enterococcus spp (8.1), Klebsiella spp.
(5.9), S.saprophyticus 381 (3.9),
Proteus mirabilis (3.9), Enterobacter spp.
(2.7), Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(1.2)
|
P.mirabilis (11), K. pneumoniae
(9.9), S.saprophyticus (5.5), Enteroba cter
sp. (5.3), S. epidermidis (5.1), S.aureus
(3.5), K.oxytoca (3.5). P.aeruginosa
(2.5) |
Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.07), Proteus
mirabilis (5.51), Enterobacter sp (2.88),
Pantoea agglomerans (1.92), Citrobacter sp
(1.36). |
Proteus mirabillis (8.4), Klebsiella sp
(5.6) |
K. pneumoniae (6.4), P. mirabilis
(6.1), E. faecalis (4.8), P. aeruginosa
(1.8), S. saprophyticus (1.6), E. aerogenes
(1.6), E. cloacae (1.1). |
No |
No |
Enterobacter sp. (11.8), Proteus
sp.(4.4), Serratia sp (2.9), Klebsiella
sp.(2.9). |
Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.4%),
Morganella morganii (2.5%), Proteus mirabilis
(1.9%), Klebsiella oxytoca (1.3%),
Klebsiella ozaenae (1.1%). |
Klebsiella spp. (7%), P. mirabilis
(6.4%), Enterococcus spp. (5.6%),
P. aeruginosa (4.6%). |
Clinical variables present |
no |
no |
no |
no |
no |
no |
yes |
no |
no |
no |
E. coli susceptibility |
Ampicillin (55.9), nitrofurantoin
(96.0), TMP-SMX (65.8),
fluoroquinolones1 (82.2),
extended-spectrum cepholosporins2 (96.8),
Gentamicin (93.1). |
Ciprofloxacin (78.8), norfloxacin
(77), nitrofuratoin (93), TMP/SMX
(54.3) |
Amoxicillin/clavulanate (94),
ampicillin (48), cephalotin (59), cefuroxime
(86), ceftriaxone (90), ceftazidime
(97), cefepime (97), ciprofloxacin
(86), gentamicin (96), nitrofurantoin
(96), TMP/SMX (62) |
Gentamicin (88), cephalotin
(55), nitrofurantoin (86), ceftriaxone
(98), ciprofloxacin (87), TMP/SMX
(54). |
Ampicillin (57), cephalotin
(86), ceftriaxone (99), ciprofloxacin
(88), gentamicin (97), nitrofurantoin
(97), norfloxacin (88), TMP/SMX
(66), tetracycline (69) |
Ampicillin (63), cephalotin
(92), cefuroxime (99), ceftriaxone
(99), gentamicin (100), nitrofurantoin
(97), norfloxacin (88), TMP/SMX
(71), tetracycline (69) |
Ampicillin (29), TMP/SMX
(52), amoxicilline/clavulanate (81),
floroquinolones3 (94), cefuroxime
(96), fosfomycin (97), nitrofurantoin
(97), gentamicin (97), cefotaxime
(98) |
Ampicillin (49), cephalotin
(74), TMP/SMX (56), nitrofurantoin
(95), norfloxacin (88), gentamicin
(88) |
2009: Amikacin (94), ciprofloxacin
(24), gentamicin (69), nitrofurantoin
(88), TMP/SMX (24), imipenem
(100) |
Ampicillin (50),
amoxicillin/clavulanate (89), cefuroxime
(99), ciprofloxacin (90), levofloxacin
(91), nitrofurantoin (98), TMP/SMX
(58). |
Proteus sp. susceptibility |
– |
Ciprofloxacin (91.2), norfloxacin
(91.2), nitrofurantoin (58.1), TMP/SMX
(58.1) |
Amoxicillin/clavulanate (96),
ampicillin (5), cephalotin (92), cefuroxime
(85), ceftriaxone (82), ceftazidime
(93), cefepime (95), ciprof loxacin
(83), gentamicin (93), nitrofurantoin
(83), TMP/SMX (82) |
Gentamicin (91), cephalotin
(44), nitrofurantoin (40), ceftriaxone
(91), ciprofloxacin (91), TMP/SMX
(47). |
Ampicillin (81), cephalotin
(97), ceftriaxone (99), ciprofloxacin
(96), gentamicin (98), nitrofurantoin
(0), norfloxacin (96), TMP/SMX
(78), tetracycline (0) |
– |
– |
– |
2009: Amikacin (100), ciprofloxacin
(100), gentamicin (0), nitrofurantoin
(0), TMP/SMX (50), imipenem
(100) |
– |
Klebsiella sp.
susceptibility |
– |
Ciprofloxacin (82.1), norfloxacin
(78.6), nitrofurantoin (76.8), TMP/SMX
(71.4) |
Amoxicillin/clavulanate (90),
ampicillin (42), cephalotin (80), cefuroxime
(84), ceftriaxone (88), ceftazidime
(94), cefepime (97), ci profloxacin
(94), gentamicin (94), nitrofurantoin
(12), TMP/SMX (96) |
Gentamicin (85), cephalotin
(43), nitrofurantoin (42), ceftriaxone
(94), ciprofloxacin (79), TMP/SMX
(53). |
Ampicillin (0), cephalotin
(92), ceftriaxone (98), ciprofloxacin
(94), gentamici n (97), nitrofurantoin
(79), norfloxacin (91), TMP/SMX
(82), tetracycline (80) |
– |
– |
– |
2009: Amikacin (94), ciprofloxacin
(13), gentamicin (63), nitrofurantoin
(44), TMP/SMX (24), imipenem
(100) |
– |
E. faecalis susceptibility |
– |
– |
– |
– |
Ampicillin (99), ciprofloxacin
(84), nitrofurantoin (99), tetracycline
(40) |
– |
– |
Nitrofurantoin (100), norfloxacin
(100), gentamicin (100) |
– |
– |
E. aerogenes susceptibility |
– |
Ciprofloxacin (85.7), norfloxacin
(81), nitrofurantoin (66.7), TMP/SMX
(47.6) |
– |
– |
Ampicillin (0), cephalotin
(0), ceftriaxone (98), ciprofloxacin
(95), gentamicin (98), nitrofurantoin
(79), norfloxacin (95), TMP/SMX
(92), tetracycline (93) |
– |
– |
– |
2009: Amikacin (76), ciprofloxacin
(50), gentamicin (75), nitrofurantoin
(0), TMP/SMX (50), imipenem
(100) |
– |
S. saprophyticus
susceptibility |
– |
Ciprofloxacin (73.3), norfloxacin
(72.4), nitrofurantoin (86.7), TMP/SMX
(39.3) |
Amoxicillin/clavulanate (94),
cephalotin (86), clindamicin (94), oxacillin
(91), ciprofloxacin (94), gentamicin
(97), nitrofurantoin (97), norfloxacin
(97), TMP/SMX (94), vancomycin
(100). |
– |
Ciprofloxacin (99), nitrofurantoin
(99), tetracycline (84). |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
P. aeruginosa
susceptibility |
– |
– |
– |
– |
Ceftriaxone (11), ciprofloxacin
(37), gentamicin (52), norfloxacin
(38). |
– |
– |
Norfloxacin (33), gentamicin
(33) |
– |
– |
Temporal trend of resistance |
– |
– |
– |
Ciprofloxacin
(p=0.07), nalidixic acid
(P=0.02) |
Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, tetracycline,
nalidixic acid (all: p<
0.0001). |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |