1989 |
Southeast |
Yucatan |
SF |
Women with miscarriages |
47 |
100 |
Zavala-Velazquez et al., 1989 (9999 Zavala-Velázquez J, Guzmán-Marín E, Barrera-Pérez M, Rodríguez-Félix ME. Toxoplasmosis and abortion in patients at the O'Horan Hospital of Merida, Yucatan. Salud Publica Mex. 1989;31:664-8.) |
1991 |
Southeast |
Oaxaca |
IHA |
General population |
5.1 |
3229 |
Goldsmith et al., 1991 (6464 Goldsmith RS, Kagan IG, Zárate R, Reyes-González MA, Cedeno-Ferreira J. Low Toxoplasma antibody prevalence in serologic surveys of humans in southern Mexico. Arch Invest Med (Mex). 1991;22:63-73.) |
1992 |
Southeast |
Tabasco |
IFA |
General population |
67.5 |
29 279 |
Velasco-Castrejón et al., 1992 ( 9797 Velasco-Castrejón O, Salvatierra-Izaba B, Valdespino JL, Sedano-Lara AM, Galindo-Virgen S, Magos C. Epidemiología de la toxoplasmosis en México. Salud Publica Mex. 1992;34:222-9.) |
|
Central |
Estado de Mexico |
|
|
32.1 |
|
|
|
Northern |
Baja California Sur |
|
|
17.4 |
|
|
1995 |
Central |
Mexico |
ELISA |
Pregnant women |
34.9 IgG 20.7 IgM |
350 |
Galvan-Ramirez et al., 1995 (5757 Galván-Ramírez ML, Soto-Mancilla JL, Velasco-Castrejón O, Pérez-Medina R. Incidence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in women with high-risk pregnancy and habitual abortions. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1995;28:333-7.) |
|
|
|
|
Women with Miscarriages |
44.9 IgG 33.3 IgM |
|
|
1998 |
Southeast |
Chiapas |
IFA |
General Population |
5 |
50 |
Romero-Cabello et al., 1998 (9090 Romero-Cabello R, Buitrón-García R, Amancio-Chasin O, Tay-Zavala J, Sánchez-Vega JT. Toxoplasmosis and threatened abortion. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 1998;66:495-8.) |
|
|
|
|
Pregnant women |
18 |
|
|
1999 |
Central |
Jalisco |
ELISA |
General population owners cats |
64 IgG |
59 |
Galvan-Ramirez et al., 1999 (5656 Galván-Ramírez ML, Sánchez-Vargas G, Vielma-Sandoval M, Soto-Mancilla JL. Presence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in humans and their cats in the urban zone of Guadalajara. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1999;32:483-8.) |
2006 |
Northern |
Durango |
ELISA |
Pregnant women |
6.1 IgG |
343 |
Alvarado-Esquivel et al., 2006 (2424 Alvarado-Esquivel C, Sifuentes-Alvarez A, Narro-Duarte SG, Estrada-Martínez S, Díaz-García JH, Liesenfeld O, et al. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in a public hospital in northern Mexico. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:113.) |
2006 |
Northern |
Durango |
ELISA |
Mentally-ill patients |
18.2 IgG 4.4 IgM |
137 |
Alvarado-Esquivel et al., 2006 (11 Alvarado-Esquivel C, Alanis-Quiñones OP, Arreola-Valenzuela MA, Rodríguez-Briones A, Piedra-Nevarez LJ, Duran-Morales E, et al. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in psychiatric inpatients in a northern Mexican city. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:178.) |
|
|
|
|
Blood donors |
8.9 IgG 2.2 IgM |
180 |
|
2007 |
Northern |
Durango |
ELISA |
Blood donors |
7.4 IgG 1.8 IgM |
432 |
Alvarado-Esquivel et al., 2007 (1919 Alvarado-Esquivel C, Mercado-Suarez MF, Rodríguez-Briones A, Fallad-Torres L, Ayala-Ayala JO, Nevarez-Piedra LJ, et al. Seroepidemiology of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in healthy blood donors of Durango, Mexico. BMC Infect Dis. 2007;7:75.) |
2008 |
Northern |
Durango |
ELISA |
Waste pickers |
21.1 IgG 2.2 IgM |
90 |
Alvarado-Esquivel et al., 2008 (1616 Alvarado-Esquivel C, Liesenfeld O, Márquez-Conde JA, Cisneros-Camacho A, Estrada-Martínez S, Martínez-García SA, et al. Seroepidemiology of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in waste pickers and waste workers in Durango, Mexico. Zoonoses Public Health. 2008;55:306-12.) |
|
|
|
|
Waste workers |
8.4 IgG |
83 |
|
2008 |
Northern |
Durango |
ELISA |
Rural population |
23.8 IgG 2.2 IgM |
463 |
Alvarado-Esquivel et al., 2008 (22 Alvarado-Esquivel C, Cruz-Magallanes HM, Esquivel-Cruz R, Estrada-Martínez S, Rivas-González M, Liesenfeld O, et al. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in human adults from three rural communities in Durango State, Mexico. J Parasitol. 2008;94:811-6.) |
2009 |
Northern |
Durango |
ELISA |
Pregnant women |
8.2 IgG 2.3 IgM |
439 |
Alvarado-Esquivel et al., 2009 (2828 Alvarado-Esquivel C, Torres-Castorena A, Liesenfeld O, García-López CR, Estrada-Martínez S, Sifuentes-Alvarez A, et al. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in rural Durango, Mexico. J Parasitol. 2009;95:271-4.) |
2010 |
Northern |
Durango |
ELISA |
Rural population (Mennonites) |
30.3 IgG 3.3 IgM |
152 |
Alvarado-Esquivel et al., 2010 (2222 Alvarado-Esquivel C, Rojas-Rivera A, Estrada-Martínez S, Sifuentes-Álvarez A, Liesenfeld O, García-López CR, et al. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in a Mennonite community in Durango State, Mexico. J Parasitol. 2010;96:941-5.) |
2010 |
Northern |
Durango |
ELISA |
Plumbers |
6.6 IgG |
61 |
Alvarado-Esquivel et al., 2010 (1717 Alvarado-Esquivel C, Liesenfeld O, Márquez-Conde JA, Estrada-Martínez S, Dubey JP. Seroepidemiology of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in workers occupationally exposed to water, sewage, and soil in Durango, Mexico. J Parasitol. 2010;96:847-50.) |
|
|
|
|
Construction workers |
8.4 IgG 1.4 IgM |
203 |
|
|
|
|
|
Gardeners |
6 IgG 2.4 IgM |
168 |
|
2011 |
Southeast |
Yucatan |
ELISA |
General population without cats contact |
25 IgG 37 IgM |
80 |
Jimenez-Coello et al., 2011 (6969 Jiménez-Coello M, Guzmán-Marín E, Ortega-Pacheco A, Acosta-Viana KY. Immunological status against Toxoplasma gondii in non-cat owners from an endemic region of Mexico. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011;11:1057-61.) |
2011 |
Northern |
Durango |
ELISA |
Mentally-ill patients |
20 IgG |
50 |
Alvarado-Esquivel et al., 2011 (2929 Alvarado-Esquivel C, Urbina-Álvarez JD, Estrada-Martínez S, Torres-Castorena A, Molotla-de-León G, Liesenfeld O, et al. Toxoplasma gondii infection and schizophrenia: a case control study in a low Toxoplasma seroprevalence Mexican population. Parasitol Int. 2011;60:151-5.) |
|
|
|
|
General population |
5.3 IgG |
150 |
|
2011 |
Northern |
Durango |
ELISA |
General population |
6.1 IgG 2.1 IgM |
974 |
Alvarado-Esquivel et al., 2011 (77 Alvarado-Esquivel C, Estrada-Martínez S, Pizarro-Villalobos H, Arce-Quiñones M, Liesenfeld O, Dubey JP. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in general population in a northern Mexican city. J Parasitol. 2011;97:40-3.) |
2011 |
Northern |
Durango |
ELISA |
Butchers |
7 IgG 4 IgM |
124 |
Alvarado-Esquivel et al., 2011 (1414 Alvarado-Esquivel C, Liesenfeld O, Estrada-Martínez S, Félix-Huerta J. Toxoplasma gondii infection in workers occupationally exposed to raw meat. Occup Med (Lond). 2011;61:265-9.) |
|
|
|
|
General population |
9 IgG 2 IgM |
248 |
|
2011 |
Northern |
Durango |
ELISA |
Patients with liver disease |
13.3 IgG 2.7 IgM |
75 |
Alvarado-Esquivel et al., 2011 (2626 Alvarado-Esquivel C, Torres-Berumen JL, Estrada-Martínez S, Liesenfeld O, Mercado-Suarez MF. Toxoplasma gondii infection and liver disease: a case-control study in a northern Mexican population. Parasit Vectors. 2011;4:75.) |
|
|
|
|
General population |
10.7 IgG 3.3 IgM |
150 |
|
2011 |
Northern |
Durango |
ELISA |
Fruit and vegetable workers |
7.5 IgG 1 IgM |
200 |
Alvarado-Esquivel et al., 2011 (66 Alvarado-Esquivel C, Estrada-Martínez S, Liesenfeld O. Toxoplasma gondii infection in workers occupationally exposed to unwashed raw fruits and vegetables: a case control seroprevalence study. Parasit Vectors. 2011;4:235.) |
|
|
|
|
General population |
7.8 IgG 2.8 IgM |
400 |
|
2012 |
Northern |
Durango |
ELISA |
Rural population |
22.4 IgG 9.6 IgM |
156 |
Alvarado-Esquivel et al., 2012 (55 Alvarado-Esquivel C, Estrada-Martínez S, García-López CR, Rojas-Rivera A, Sifuentes-Álvarez A, Liesenfeld O. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Tepehuanos in Durango, Mexico. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012;12:138-42.) |
2012 |
Northern |
Durango |
ELISA |
Patients with accidents at work |
8.3 IgG 0.8 IgM |
133 |
Alvarado-Esquivel et al., 2012 (2727 Alvarado-Esquivel C, Torres-Castorena A, Liesenfeld O, Estrada-Martínez S, Urbina-Álvarez JD. High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in a subset of Mexican patients with work accidents and low socioeconomic status. Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:13.) |
|
|
|
|
General population |
5.3 IgG 2.3 IgM |
266 |
|
2012 |
Northern |
Durango |
ELISA |
Elderly people |
12 IgG 2.9 IgM |
483 |
Alvarado-Esquivel et al., 2012 (1313 Alvarado-Esquivel C, Liesenfeld O, Burciaga-López BD, Ramos-Nevárez A, Estrada-Martínez S, Cerrillo-Soto SM, et al. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in elderly people in a northern Mexican city. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012;12:568-74.) |
2012 |
Southeast |
Yucatan |
ELISA |
Women with miscarriages |
55 IgG 20 IgM |
100 |
Vado-Solis et al., 2012 (9595 Vado-Solís IA, Suárez-Solís VM, Jiménez-Delgadillo B, Zavala-Velázquez JE, Segura JC. Toxoplasma gondii presence in women with spontaneous abortion in Yucatan, Mexico. J Parasitol. 2013;99:383-5.) |
|
|
|
PCR |
|
19 PCR |
|
|