Malhotra et al., 197841, Iran |
15 (9 males) |
2.5 – 60c
|
b |
Local ulceration in stung site (3), hemoglobinuria, oliguria, edema, hemolytic anemia and hemolytic jaundice |
No |
b |
Yes (5) |
b |
Hemoglobinuria, mesangial proliferation, variable degreed of tubular changes and mild interstitial infiltration (4) |
Chadha et al., 197945, Iran |
1 (female) |
28 |
b |
Bloody urine, breathless, severe hemolytic anemia, slight jaundice, puffy face, black necrotic area at the stung site, hypotension |
Yes (dose did not report) |
|
Yes |
Discharge (skin grafting was performed later) |
Hemoglobinuria, albuminuria, anuria (Not biopsied) |
Naqvi et al., 199847, Pakistan |
1 (male) |
60 |
b |
Severe local pain, swelling (foot), hematuria, torpor, cervical rigidity |
No |
Normal amylase |
Yes |
Death (Disseminated intravascular coagulation and shock) |
Hematuria, albuminuria, acute tubular necrosis in renal tissue |
Derakhshan et al., 200448, Iran |
6 |
<16 |
b |
Haemolysis |
b |
b |
b |
b |
Acute tubular necrosis |
Valavi et al., 200849, India |
1 (female) |
7 |
Hemiscorpius lepturus
|
Bloody urine, vomiting, agitation, restlessness, erythematic area with local oedema at the stung site |
Yes |
b |
Yes |
Discharge in dialysis program |
Hemoglobinuria, microscopic haematuria, proteinuria and erythrocyte casts, clinical diagnosis of haemolytic uremic syndrome (Not biopsied) |
Jalali et al., 201040, Iran |
102 |
<10 |
Hemiscorpius lepturus
|
b |
b |
b |
b |
3 deaths (associated to AKId) |
Hemoglobinuria isolated (28) or with renal failure d (73) |
Naqvi, 201543, Pakistan |
18 (7 males) |
10.74 – 47.7 c |
b |
Main stung site – foot, severe local pain, tingling, numbness, burning sensation, oliguria- anuria (16), haematuria/ hematemesis (10) |
b |
b |
Yes (18) |
16 discharge (13 with complete and 3 with partial renal recovery) and 2deaths (cardiac arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy) |
Haematuria (14), proteinuria (15), acute tubular necrosis and pigment casts without abnormal glomeruli (3) |
Ranaweera et al., 201528, Sri-Lanka |
1 |
53 |
b |
Vomiting, abdominal pain, haemoglobinuria progressing to anuria |
No |
b |
Yes |
Discharge in dialysis program (death 4 months later) |
Haemorrhagic glomerular infarction with AKI |
Vazirianzadeh et al., 201742, Iran |
103 |
≤14 |
Hemiscorpius lepturus and Androctonus crassicauda
|
b |
b |
b |
b |
4 deaths |
Hemoglobinuria in different rates |