Table 1
A summary of human enterovirus A71 genotypes circulating in Asia-Pacific countries, 1960-2016 22. Chen KT, Chang HL, Wang ST, Cheng YT, Yang JY. Epidemiologic features of hand-foot-mouth disease and herpangina caused by enterovirus 71 in Taiwan, 1998-2005. Pediatrics. 2007;120:e244-52.
3. Chan KP, Goh KT, Chong CY, Teo ES, Lau G, Ling AE. Epidemic hand, foot and mouth disease caused by human enterovirus 71, Singapore. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:78-85.
4. Bessaud M, Razafindratsimandresy R, Nougairède A, Joffret ML, Deshpande JM, Dubot-Pérès A, et al. Molecular comparison and evolutionary analyses of VP1 nucleotide sequences of new African human enterovirus 71 isolates reveal a wide genetic diversity. PLoS One. 2014;9:e90624.
5. Chan LG, Parashar UD, Lye MS, Ong FG, Zaki SR, Alexander JP, et al. Deaths of children during an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Sarawak, Malaysia: clinical and pathological characteristics of the disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31:678-83.
6. McMinn P, Stratov I, Nagarajan L, Davis S. Neurological manifestations of enterovirus 71 infection in children during an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Western Australia. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:236-42.
7. Van Tu P, Thao NT, Perera D, Truong KH, Tien NTK, Thuong TC, et al. Epidemiologic and virologic investigation of hand, foot, and mouth disease, southern Vietnam, 2005. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1733-41.
8. Komatsu H, Shimizu Y, Takeuchi Y, Ishiko H, Takada H. Outbreak of severe neurologic involvement associated with Enterovirus 71 infection. Pediatr Neurol. 1999;20:17-23. - 99. Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Yang W, Ren J, Tan X, Wang Y, et al. An emerging recombinant human enterovirus 71 responsible for the 2008 outbreak of hand, foot and mouth Disease in Fuyang city of China. Virol J. 2010;7:94. , 1515. Hosoya M, Kawasaki Y, Sato M, Honzumi K, Kato A, Hiroshima T, et al. Genetic diversity of enterovirus 71 associated with hand, foot and mouth disease epidemics in Japan from 1983 to 2003. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25:691-4.
16. Solomon T, Lewthwaite P, Perera D, Cardosa MJ, McMinn P, Ooi MH. Virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of enterovirus 71. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10:778-90.
17. Huang SW, Hsu YW, Smith DJ, Kiang D, Tsai HP, Lin KH, et al. Reemergence of enterovirus 71 in 2008 in Taiwan: dynamics of genetic and antigenic evolution from 1998 to 2008. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:3653-62.
18. Li L, He Y, Yang H, Zhu J, Xu X. Dong J, et al. Genetic characteristics of human enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 circulating from 1999 to 2004 in Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:3835-9.
19. Zhang Y, Wang J, Guo W, Wang H, Zhu S, Wang D, et al. Emergence and transmission pathways of rapidly evolving evolutionary branch C4a strains of human enterovirus 71 in the Central Plain of China. PLoS One. 2011;6:e27895. - 2020. Geoghegan JL, Tan le V, Kühnert D, Halpin RA, Lin X, Simenauer A, et al. Phylodynamics of enterovirus A71-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease in Viet Nam. J Virol. 2015;89:8871-9. .
Table 2
A summary of human enterovirus A71 genotypes circulating in countries outside the Asia-Pacific region, 1960-2016 2121. Chumakov M, Voroshilova M, Shindarov L, Lavrova I, Gracheva L, Koroleva G, et al. Enterovirus 71 isolated from cases of epidemic poliomyelitis-like disease in Bulgaria. Arch Virol. 1979;60:329-40.
22. Nagy G, Takátsy S, Kukán E, Mihály I, Dömök I. Virological diagnosis of enterovirus type 71 infections: experiences gained during an epidemic of acute CNS disease in Hungary in 1978. Arch Virol. 1982;71:217-27.
23. Brown BA, Oberste MS, Alexander JP Jr, Kennett ML, Pallansch MA. Molecular epidemiology and evolution of enterovirus 71 strains isolated from 1970 to 1998. J Virol. 1999;73:9969-75.
24. Merovitz L, Demers AM, Newby D, McDonald J. Enterovirus 71 infections at a Canadian center. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19:755-7.
25. Ortner B, Huang CW, Schmid D, Mutz I, Wewalka G, Allerberger F, et al. Epidemiology of enterovirus types causing neurological disease in Austria 1999-2007: detection of clusters of echovirus 30 and enterovirus 71 and analysis of prevalent genotypes. J Med Virol. 2009;81:317-24.
26. Bible JM, Iturriza-Gomara M, Megson B, Brown D, Pantelidis P, Earl P, et al. Molecular epidemiology of human enterovirus 71 in the United Kingdom from 1998 to 2006. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:3192-200.
27. van der Sanden S, van Eek J, Martin DP, van der Avoort H, Vennema H, Koopmans M. Detection of recombination breakpoints in the genomes of human enterovirus 71 strains isolated in the Netherlands in epidemic and non-epidemic years, 1963-2010. Infect Genet Evol. 2011;11:886-94.
28. Witsø E, Palacios G, Rønningen KS, Cinek O, Janowitz D, Rewers M, et al. Asymptomatic circulation of HEV71 in Norway. Virus Res. 2007;123:19-29.
29. Schuffenecker I, Mirand A, Antona D, Henquell C, Chomel JJ, Archimbaud C, et al. Epidemiology of human enterovirus 71 infections in France, 2000-2009. J Clin Virol. 2011;50:50-6.
30. Chakraborty R, Iturriza-Gómara M, Musoke R, Palakudy T, D’Agostino A, Gray J. An epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection among HIV-1-infected orphans in Nairobi. AIDS. 2004;18:1968-70. - 3131. Huaman JL, Carrion G, Ampuero JS, Ocaña V, Laguna-Torres VA, Hontz RD. Enterovirus-71 genotype C isolated in Peru between 2006 and 2009. J Clin Virol. 2016;85:40-3. .