Quality assessment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Low |
6 |
19
19. Indacochea S, Gotuzzo E, De la Fuente J, Phillips I. High prevalence of hepatitis B and Delta markers in the interandean valley of Abancay. Rev. Méd. Hered. 1991;2(4):168-7.
,
21
21. Azevedo RA, Silva AE, Ferraz ML, Marcopito LF, Baruzzi RG. Prevalence of serologic markers of hepatitis B and D viruses in children of the Caiabi and Txucarramãe tribes from the Indian Reservation of Xingu, central Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1996;29(5):431-9.
,
22
22. Soares MC, Menezes RC, Martins SJ, Bensabath G. Epidemiology of hepatitis B, C and D viruses among indigenous Parakanã tribe in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon Region. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam. 1994;117(2):124-35.
,
39
39. Nunes HM, Monteiro MR, Soares MC. Prevalence of hepatitis B and D serological markers in the Parakanã, Apyterewa Indian Reservation, Pará State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(11):2756-66.
,
41
41. Mendes-Correa MC, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Alvarado-Mora MV, Da Silva MH, Lázari C, Cavalcanti NC, et al. Hepatitis delta in HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Brazil: is it important? Int J Infect Dis . 2011;15(12):e828-32.
,
42
42. Barros LM, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Pinho JR, Alvarado-Mora MV, Dos Santos A, Mendes-Corrêa MC, et al. Hepatitis Delta virus genotype 8 infection in Northeast Brazil: inheritance from African slaves? Virus Res. 2011;160(1-2):333-9.
|
16 |
317 |
3.70 |
0.00% - 13.25% |
84.84 |
<0.001 |
0.00 - 0.48 |
|
|
Moderate |
22 |
13
13. Ljunggren KE, Patarroyo ME, Engle R, Purcell RH, Gerin JL. Viral hepatitis in Colombia: a study of the "hepatitis of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta". Hepatology. 1985;5(2):299-304.
14. da Fonseca JCF, Ferreira LCL, Brasil LM, Castinho MC, MossI R, Barone M. Fulminant Labrea hepatitis--the role of hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), and D (HDV) infection. (Preliminary report). Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1992;34(6):609-12.
15. Fonseca JC, Simonetti SR, Schatzmayr HG, Castejón MJ, Cesário AL, Simonetti JP. Prevalence of infection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) among carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen in Amazonas State, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1988;82(3):469-71.
16. Hadler SC, Alcala de Monzon M, Rivero D, Perez M, Bracho A, Fields H. Epidemiology and long-term consequences of hepatitis delta virus infection in the Yucpa Indians of Venezuela. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;136(12):1507-16.
17. Soares MCP, Bensabath G. Indian tribes of East Amazonia as risk population for hepatitis D (delta) (letter). Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. São Paulo. 1991;33(3):241-2
-
18
18. Torres JR, Mondolfi A. Protracted outbreak of severe delta hepatitis: experience in an isolated Amerindian population of the Upper Orinoco basin. Rev Infect Dis. 1991;13(1):52-5.
,
20
20. Arboleda M, Castilho MC, Fonseca JCF, Albuquerque BC, Saboia RC, Yoshida CFT. Epidemiological aspects of hepatitis B and D virus infection in the northern region of Amazonas, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg . 1995;89(5):481-3.
,
29
29. Chang J, Zavaletta A, Philips I. Seroepidemiology for hepatitis B in four communities in the peruvian central jungle. Rev. Med. Exp. 1997;14(1):34-39.
30. Oliveira MLA, Bastos FI, Telles PR, Yoshida CFT, Schatzmayr HG, Paetzold U, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for HBV, HCV and HDV infections among injecting drug users from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1999;32(9):1107-14.
31. Fainboim H, González J, Fassio E, Martínez A, Otegui L, Eposto M, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis viruses in an anti-human immunodeficiency virus-positive population from Argentina. A multicentre study. J Viral Hepat. 1999;6(1):53-7.
32. León P, Venegas E, Bengoechea L, Rojas E, López JA, Elola C, et al. Prevalence of infections by hepatitis B, C, D and E viruses in Bolivia. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 1999;5(3):144-51.
33. Manock SR, Kelley PM, Hyams KC, Douce R, Smalligan RD, Watts DM, et al. An outbreak of fulminant hepatitis delta in the Waorani, an indigenous people of the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;63(3-4):209-13.
34. Paula VS, Arruda ME, Vitral CL, Gaspar AMC. Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis in riverine communities from the Western Region of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2001;96(8):1123-8.
35. Braga WSM, Brasil LM, Souza RAB, Castilho MC, Fonseca JC. The occurrence of hepatitis B and delta virus infection within seven Amerindian ethnic groups in the Brazilian western Amazon. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . 2001;34(4):349-55.
36. Segovia MG, Galvan K, Garcia VA, Huamani L, Gotuzzo EH. Prevalencia de marcadores serológicos para hepatitis B y delta e infección intrafamiliar en el valle del río Pampas, Perú¹. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2002;19(2):57-62.
-
37
37. Viana S, Paraná R, Moreira RC, Compri AP, Macedo V. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in the western Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg . 2005; 73(4):808-14.
,
40
40. Duarte MC, Cardona N, Poblete F, González K, García M, Pacheco M, et al. A comparative epidemiological study of hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus infections in Yanomami and Piaroa Amerindians of Amazonas State, Venezuela. Trop Med Int Health. 2010;15(8):924-33.
,
43
43. Alvarado-Mora MV, Fernandez MF, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, de Azevedo Neto RS, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JR. Hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis delta (HDV) viruses in the Colombian population--how is the epidemiological situation? PLoS One. 2011;6(4):e18888.
44. Delfino CM, Eirin ME, Berini C, Malan R, Gentile E, Castillo A, et al. HDAg-L variants in covert hepatitis D and HBV occult infection among Amerindians of Argentina: new insights. J Clin Virol. 2012;54(3):223-8.
45. Braga WSM, Castilho MC, Borges FG, Leão JRDT, Martinho ACS, Rodrigues IS, et al. Hepatitis D virus infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon - far from a vanishing disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . 2012;45(6):691-5.
46. Delfino CM, Gentile EA, Castillo AI, Cuestas ML, Pataccini G, Cánepa C, et al. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in blood donors from Argentina: circulation of HBsAg and reverse transcriptase mutants. Arch Virol. 2014;159(5):1109-17.
-
47
47. Freitas SZ, Soares CC, Tanaka TS, Lindenberg AS, Teles SA, Torres MS, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and genotypes of hepatitis B infection among HIV-infected patients in the State of MS, Central Brazil. BrazJ Infect Dis . 2014;18(5):473-80.
|
471 |
1336 |
25.34 |
15.99% - 35.86% |
92.81 |
<0.001 |
0.00 - 0.76 |
|
|
High |
3 |
28
28. Casey JL, Niro GA, Engle RE, Vega A, Gomez H, McCarthy M, et al. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection in outbreaks of acute hepatitis in the Peruvian Amazon basin: the roles of HDV genotype III and HBV genotype F. J Infect Dis. 1996;174(5):920-6.
,
38
38. Cabezas CS, Suárez MJ, Romero GC, Carrillo CP, García MP, Reátegui JS. Hiperendemicidad de Hepatitis viral B y Delta en pueblos indìgenas de la Amazonía Peruana. Rev. Perú. Med. Exp. Salud Publica. 2006;23(2):114-122.
,
48
48. Villa DF, Cortes-Mancera F, Payares E, Montes N, Hoz F, Arbelaez MP, et al. Hepatitis D virus and hepatitis B virus infection in Amerindian communities of the Amazonas state, Colombia. Virol J . 2015;12:172.
|
96 |
182 |
51.53 |
29.45% - 73.31% |
NE |
NE |
NE |
<0.001 |
Study design |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Case series |
1 |
14
14. da Fonseca JCF, Ferreira LCL, Brasil LM, Castinho MC, MossI R, Barone M. Fulminant Labrea hepatitis--the role of hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), and D (HDV) infection. (Preliminary report). Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1992;34(6):609-12.
|
4 |
9 |
44.44 |
18.88% - 73.33% |
NE |
NE |
NE |
|
|
Control case |
2 |
13
13. Ljunggren KE, Patarroyo ME, Engle R, Purcell RH, Gerin JL. Viral hepatitis in Colombia: a study of the "hepatitis of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta". Hepatology. 1985;5(2):299-304.
,
31
31. Fainboim H, González J, Fassio E, Martínez A, Otegui L, Eposto M, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis viruses in an anti-human immunodeficiency virus-positive population from Argentina. A multicentre study. J Viral Hepat. 1999;6(1):53-7.
|
15 |
107 |
13.82 |
7.72% - 21.21% |
NE |
NE |
NE |
|
|
Cohort |
1 |
16
|
109 |
216 |
50.46 |
43.85% - 57.06% |
NE |
NE |
NE |
|
|
Cross-sectional |
27 |
39
39. Nunes HM, Monteiro MR, Soares MC. Prevalence of hepatitis B and D serological markers in the Parakanã, Apyterewa Indian Reservation, Pará State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(11):2756-66.
,
32
32. León P, Venegas E, Bengoechea L, Rojas E, López JA, Elola C, et al. Prevalence of infections by hepatitis B, C, D and E viruses in Bolivia. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 1999;5(3):144-51.
33. Manock SR, Kelley PM, Hyams KC, Douce R, Smalligan RD, Watts DM, et al. An outbreak of fulminant hepatitis delta in the Waorani, an indigenous people of the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;63(3-4):209-13.
34. Paula VS, Arruda ME, Vitral CL, Gaspar AMC. Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis in riverine communities from the Western Region of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2001;96(8):1123-8.
35. Braga WSM, Brasil LM, Souza RAB, Castilho MC, Fonseca JC. The occurrence of hepatitis B and delta virus infection within seven Amerindian ethnic groups in the Brazilian western Amazon. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . 2001;34(4):349-55.
36. Segovia MG, Galvan K, Garcia VA, Huamani L, Gotuzzo EH. Prevalencia de marcadores serológicos para hepatitis B y delta e infección intrafamiliar en el valle del río Pampas, Perú¹. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2002;19(2):57-62.
37. Viana S, Paraná R, Moreira RC, Compri AP, Macedo V. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in the western Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg . 2005; 73(4):808-14.
38. Cabezas CS, Suárez MJ, Romero GC, Carrillo CP, García MP, Reátegui JS. Hiperendemicidad de Hepatitis viral B y Delta en pueblos indìgenas de la Amazonía Peruana. Rev. Perú. Med. Exp. Salud Publica. 2006;23(2):114-122.
39. Nunes HM, Monteiro MR, Soares MC. Prevalence of hepatitis B and D serological markers in the Parakanã, Apyterewa Indian Reservation, Pará State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(11):2756-66.
40. Duarte MC, Cardona N, Poblete F, González K, García M, Pacheco M, et al. A comparative epidemiological study of hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus infections in Yanomami and Piaroa Amerindians of Amazonas State, Venezuela. Trop Med Int Health. 2010;15(8):924-33.
41. Mendes-Correa MC, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Alvarado-Mora MV, Da Silva MH, Lázari C, Cavalcanti NC, et al. Hepatitis delta in HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Brazil: is it important? Int J Infect Dis . 2011;15(12):e828-32.
42. Barros LM, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Pinho JR, Alvarado-Mora MV, Dos Santos A, Mendes-Corrêa MC, et al. Hepatitis Delta virus genotype 8 infection in Northeast Brazil: inheritance from African slaves? Virus Res. 2011;160(1-2):333-9.
43. Alvarado-Mora MV, Fernandez MF, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, de Azevedo Neto RS, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JR. Hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis delta (HDV) viruses in the Colombian population--how is the epidemiological situation? PLoS One. 2011;6(4):e18888.
44. Delfino CM, Eirin ME, Berini C, Malan R, Gentile E, Castillo A, et al. HDAg-L variants in covert hepatitis D and HBV occult infection among Amerindians of Argentina: new insights. J Clin Virol. 2012;54(3):223-8.
45. Braga WSM, Castilho MC, Borges FG, Leão JRDT, Martinho ACS, Rodrigues IS, et al. Hepatitis D virus infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon - far from a vanishing disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . 2012;45(6):691-5.
46. Delfino CM, Gentile EA, Castillo AI, Cuestas ML, Pataccini G, Cánepa C, et al. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in blood donors from Argentina: circulation of HBsAg and reverse transcriptase mutants. Arch Virol. 2014;159(5):1109-17.
47. Freitas SZ, Soares CC, Tanaka TS, Lindenberg AS, Teles SA, Torres MS, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and genotypes of hepatitis B infection among HIV-infected patients in the State of MS, Central Brazil. BrazJ Infect Dis . 2014;18(5):473-80.
-
48
48. Villa DF, Cortes-Mancera F, Payares E, Montes N, Hoz F, Arbelaez MP, et al. Hepatitis D virus and hepatitis B virus infection in Amerindian communities of the Amazonas state, Colombia. Virol J . 2015;12:172.
|
455 |
1503 |
21.34 |
11.93% - 32.37% |
94.93 |
<0.001 |
0.00 - 0.82 |
<0.001 |
Data decade |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 |
4 |
13
13. Ljunggren KE, Patarroyo ME, Engle R, Purcell RH, Gerin JL. Viral hepatitis in Colombia: a study of the "hepatitis of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta". Hepatology. 1985;5(2):299-304.
,
15
15. Fonseca JC, Simonetti SR, Schatzmayr HG, Castejón MJ, Cesário AL, Simonetti JP. Prevalence of infection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) among carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen in Amazonas State, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1988;82(3):469-71.
,
16
16. Hadler SC, Alcala de Monzon M, Rivero D, Perez M, Bracho A, Fields H. Epidemiology and long-term consequences of hepatitis delta virus infection in the Yucpa Indians of Venezuela. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;136(12):1507-16.
,
18
18. Torres JR, Mondolfi A. Protracted outbreak of severe delta hepatitis: experience in an isolated Amerindian population of the Upper Orinoco basin. Rev Infect Dis. 1991;13(1):52-5.
|
165 |
374 |
40.29 |
25.47% - 56.05% |
85.83 |
<0.001 |
0.00 - 0.98 |
|
|
1990 |
15 |
14
14. da Fonseca JCF, Ferreira LCL, Brasil LM, Castinho MC, MossI R, Barone M. Fulminant Labrea hepatitis--the role of hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), and D (HDV) infection. (Preliminary report). Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1992;34(6):609-12.
,
17
17. Soares MCP, Bensabath G. Indian tribes of East Amazonia as risk population for hepatitis D (delta) (letter). Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. São Paulo. 1991;33(3):241-2
,
19
19. Indacochea S, Gotuzzo E, De la Fuente J, Phillips I. High prevalence of hepatitis B and Delta markers in the interandean valley of Abancay. Rev. Méd. Hered. 1991;2(4):168-7.
20. Arboleda M, Castilho MC, Fonseca JCF, Albuquerque BC, Saboia RC, Yoshida CFT. Epidemiological aspects of hepatitis B and D virus infection in the northern region of Amazonas, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg . 1995;89(5):481-3.
21. Azevedo RA, Silva AE, Ferraz ML, Marcopito LF, Baruzzi RG. Prevalence of serologic markers of hepatitis B and D viruses in children of the Caiabi and Txucarramãe tribes from the Indian Reservation of Xingu, central Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1996;29(5):431-9.
-
22
22. Soares MC, Menezes RC, Martins SJ, Bensabath G. Epidemiology of hepatitis B, C and D viruses among indigenous Parakanã tribe in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon Region. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam. 1994;117(2):124-35.
,
28
28. Casey JL, Niro GA, Engle RE, Vega A, Gomez H, McCarthy M, et al. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection in outbreaks of acute hepatitis in the Peruvian Amazon basin: the roles of HDV genotype III and HBV genotype F. J Infect Dis. 1996;174(5):920-6.
29. Chang J, Zavaletta A, Philips I. Seroepidemiology for hepatitis B in four communities in the peruvian central jungle. Rev. Med. Exp. 1997;14(1):34-39.
30. Oliveira MLA, Bastos FI, Telles PR, Yoshida CFT, Schatzmayr HG, Paetzold U, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for HBV, HCV and HDV infections among injecting drug users from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1999;32(9):1107-14.
31. Fainboim H, González J, Fassio E, Martínez A, Otegui L, Eposto M, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis viruses in an anti-human immunodeficiency virus-positive population from Argentina. A multicentre study. J Viral Hepat. 1999;6(1):53-7.
32. León P, Venegas E, Bengoechea L, Rojas E, López JA, Elola C, et al. Prevalence of infections by hepatitis B, C, D and E viruses in Bolivia. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 1999;5(3):144-51.
33. Manock SR, Kelley PM, Hyams KC, Douce R, Smalligan RD, Watts DM, et al. An outbreak of fulminant hepatitis delta in the Waorani, an indigenous people of the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;63(3-4):209-13.
-
34
34. Paula VS, Arruda ME, Vitral CL, Gaspar AMC. Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis in riverine communities from the Western Region of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2001;96(8):1123-8.
,
38
38. Cabezas CS, Suárez MJ, Romero GC, Carrillo CP, García MP, Reátegui JS. Hiperendemicidad de Hepatitis viral B y Delta en pueblos indìgenas de la Amazonía Peruana. Rev. Perú. Med. Exp. Salud Publica. 2006;23(2):114-122.
|
297 |
753 |
28.01 |
15.16% - 42.76% |
92.56 |
<0.001 |
0.00 - 0.86 |
|
|
2000 |
8 |
35
35. Braga WSM, Brasil LM, Souza RAB, Castilho MC, Fonseca JC. The occurrence of hepatitis B and delta virus infection within seven Amerindian ethnic groups in the Brazilian western Amazon. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . 2001;34(4):349-55.
36. Segovia MG, Galvan K, Garcia VA, Huamani L, Gotuzzo EH. Prevalencia de marcadores serológicos para hepatitis B y delta e infección intrafamiliar en el valle del río Pampas, Perú¹. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2002;19(2):57-62.
-
37
37. Viana S, Paraná R, Moreira RC, Compri AP, Macedo V. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in the western Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg . 2005; 73(4):808-14.
,
39
39. Nunes HM, Monteiro MR, Soares MC. Prevalence of hepatitis B and D serological markers in the Parakanã, Apyterewa Indian Reservation, Pará State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(11):2756-66.
40. Duarte MC, Cardona N, Poblete F, González K, García M, Pacheco M, et al. A comparative epidemiological study of hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus infections in Yanomami and Piaroa Amerindians of Amazonas State, Venezuela. Trop Med Int Health. 2010;15(8):924-33.
41. Mendes-Correa MC, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Alvarado-Mora MV, Da Silva MH, Lázari C, Cavalcanti NC, et al. Hepatitis delta in HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Brazil: is it important? Int J Infect Dis . 2011;15(12):e828-32.
-
42
42. Barros LM, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Pinho JR, Alvarado-Mora MV, Dos Santos A, Mendes-Corrêa MC, et al. Hepatitis Delta virus genotype 8 infection in Northeast Brazil: inheritance from African slaves? Virus Res. 2011;160(1-2):333-9.
,
45
45. Braga WSM, Castilho MC, Borges FG, Leão JRDT, Martinho ACS, Rodrigues IS, et al. Hepatitis D virus infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon - far from a vanishing disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . 2012;45(6):691-5.
46. Delfino CM, Gentile EA, Castillo AI, Cuestas ML, Pataccini G, Cánepa C, et al. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in blood donors from Argentina: circulation of HBsAg and reverse transcriptase mutants. Arch Virol. 2014;159(5):1109-17.
-
47
47. Freitas SZ, Soares CC, Tanaka TS, Lindenberg AS, Teles SA, Torres MS, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and genotypes of hepatitis B infection among HIV-infected patients in the State of MS, Central Brazil. BrazJ Infect Dis . 2014;18(5):473-80.
|
106 |
526 |
13.58 |
2.05% - 31.55% |
95.62 |
<0.001 |
0.00 - 0.85 |
|
|
2010 |
4 |
42
42. Barros LM, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Pinho JR, Alvarado-Mora MV, Dos Santos A, Mendes-Corrêa MC, et al. Hepatitis Delta virus genotype 8 infection in Northeast Brazil: inheritance from African slaves? Virus Res. 2011;160(1-2):333-9.
,
43
43. Alvarado-Mora MV, Fernandez MF, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, de Azevedo Neto RS, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JR. Hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis delta (HDV) viruses in the Colombian population--how is the epidemiological situation? PLoS One. 2011;6(4):e18888.
,
47
47. Freitas SZ, Soares CC, Tanaka TS, Lindenberg AS, Teles SA, Torres MS, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and genotypes of hepatitis B infection among HIV-infected patients in the State of MS, Central Brazil. BrazJ Infect Dis . 2014;18(5):473-80.
,
48
48. Villa DF, Cortes-Mancera F, Payares E, Montes N, Hoz F, Arbelaez MP, et al. Hepatitis D virus and hepatitis B virus infection in Amerindian communities of the Amazonas state, Colombia. Virol J . 2015;12:172.
|
15 |
182 |
6.97 |
0.00% - 29.70% |
87.43 |
<0.001 |
0.00 - 1.00 |
0.043 |
Country's location |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Argentina |
3 |
31
31. Fainboim H, González J, Fassio E, Martínez A, Otegui L, Eposto M, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis viruses in an anti-human immunodeficiency virus-positive population from Argentina. A multicentre study. J Viral Hepat. 1999;6(1):53-7.
,
44
44. Delfino CM, Eirin ME, Berini C, Malan R, Gentile E, Castillo A, et al. HDAg-L variants in covert hepatitis D and HBV occult infection among Amerindians of Argentina: new insights. J Clin Virol. 2012;54(3):223-8.
,
46
46. Delfino CM, Gentile EA, Castillo AI, Cuestas ML, Pataccini G, Cánepa C, et al. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in blood donors from Argentina: circulation of HBsAg and reverse transcriptase mutants. Arch Virol. 2014;159(5):1109-17.
|
10 |
187 |
2.62 |
0.00% -15.93% |
NE |
NE |
NE |
|
|
Bolivia |
1 |
32
|
2 |
9 |
22.22 |
6.32% - 54.74% |
NE |
NE |
NE |
|
|
Brazil |
15 |
14
14. da Fonseca JCF, Ferreira LCL, Brasil LM, Castinho MC, MossI R, Barone M. Fulminant Labrea hepatitis--the role of hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), and D (HDV) infection. (Preliminary report). Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1992;34(6):609-12.
,
15
15. Fonseca JC, Simonetti SR, Schatzmayr HG, Castejón MJ, Cesário AL, Simonetti JP. Prevalence of infection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) among carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen in Amazonas State, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1988;82(3):469-71.
,
17
17. Soares MCP, Bensabath G. Indian tribes of East Amazonia as risk population for hepatitis D (delta) (letter). Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. São Paulo. 1991;33(3):241-2
,
20
20. Arboleda M, Castilho MC, Fonseca JCF, Albuquerque BC, Saboia RC, Yoshida CFT. Epidemiological aspects of hepatitis B and D virus infection in the northern region of Amazonas, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg . 1995;89(5):481-3.
21. Azevedo RA, Silva AE, Ferraz ML, Marcopito LF, Baruzzi RG. Prevalence of serologic markers of hepatitis B and D viruses in children of the Caiabi and Txucarramãe tribes from the Indian Reservation of Xingu, central Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1996;29(5):431-9.
-
22
22. Soares MC, Menezes RC, Martins SJ, Bensabath G. Epidemiology of hepatitis B, C and D viruses among indigenous Parakanã tribe in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon Region. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam. 1994;117(2):124-35.
,
30
30. Oliveira MLA, Bastos FI, Telles PR, Yoshida CFT, Schatzmayr HG, Paetzold U, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for HBV, HCV and HDV infections among injecting drug users from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1999;32(9):1107-14.
,
34
34. Paula VS, Arruda ME, Vitral CL, Gaspar AMC. Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis in riverine communities from the Western Region of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2001;96(8):1123-8.
,
35
35. Braga WSM, Brasil LM, Souza RAB, Castilho MC, Fonseca JC. The occurrence of hepatitis B and delta virus infection within seven Amerindian ethnic groups in the Brazilian western Amazon. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . 2001;34(4):349-55.
,
37
37. Viana S, Paraná R, Moreira RC, Compri AP, Macedo V. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in the western Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg . 2005; 73(4):808-14.
,
39
39. Nunes HM, Monteiro MR, Soares MC. Prevalence of hepatitis B and D serological markers in the Parakanã, Apyterewa Indian Reservation, Pará State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(11):2756-66.
,
41
41. Mendes-Correa MC, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Alvarado-Mora MV, Da Silva MH, Lázari C, Cavalcanti NC, et al. Hepatitis delta in HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Brazil: is it important? Int J Infect Dis . 2011;15(12):e828-32.
,
42
42. Barros LM, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Pinho JR, Alvarado-Mora MV, Dos Santos A, Mendes-Corrêa MC, et al. Hepatitis Delta virus genotype 8 infection in Northeast Brazil: inheritance from African slaves? Virus Res. 2011;160(1-2):333-9.
,
45
45. Braga WSM, Castilho MC, Borges FG, Leão JRDT, Martinho ACS, Rodrigues IS, et al. Hepatitis D virus infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon - far from a vanishing disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . 2012;45(6):691-5.
,
47
47. Freitas SZ, Soares CC, Tanaka TS, Lindenberg AS, Teles SA, Torres MS, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and genotypes of hepatitis B infection among HIV-infected patients in the State of MS, Central Brazil. BrazJ Infect Dis . 2014;18(5):473-80.
|
299 |
998 |
17.26 |
6.10% - 31.89% |
95.80 |
<0.001 |
0.00 - 0.83 |
|
|
Colombia |
3 |
13
13. Ljunggren KE, Patarroyo ME, Engle R, Purcell RH, Gerin JL. Viral hepatitis in Colombia: a study of the "hepatitis of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta". Hepatology. 1985;5(2):299-304.
,
43
43. Alvarado-Mora MV, Fernandez MF, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, de Azevedo Neto RS, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JR. Hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis delta (HDV) viruses in the Colombian population--how is the epidemiological situation? PLoS One. 2011;6(4):e18888.
,
48
48. Villa DF, Cortes-Mancera F, Payares E, Montes N, Hoz F, Arbelaez MP, et al. Hepatitis D virus and hepatitis B virus infection in Amerindian communities of the Amazonas state, Colombia. Virol J . 2015;12:172.
|
25 |
92 |
27.48 |
14.73% - 42.27% |
NE |
NE |
NE |
|
|
Ecuador |
1 |
33
33. Manock SR, Kelley PM, Hyams KC, Douce R, Smalligan RD, Watts DM, et al. An outbreak of fulminant hepatitis delta in the Waorani, an indigenous people of the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;63(3-4):209-13.
|
15 |
47 |
31.91 |
20.40% - 46.17% |
NE |
NE |
NE |
|
|
Peru |
5 |
19
19. Indacochea S, Gotuzzo E, De la Fuente J, Phillips I. High prevalence of hepatitis B and Delta markers in the interandean valley of Abancay. Rev. Méd. Hered. 1991;2(4):168-7.
,
28
28. Casey JL, Niro GA, Engle RE, Vega A, Gomez H, McCarthy M, et al. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection in outbreaks of acute hepatitis in the Peruvian Amazon basin: the roles of HDV genotype III and HBV genotype F. J Infect Dis. 1996;174(5):920-6.
,
29
29. Chang J, Zavaletta A, Philips I. Seroepidemiology for hepatitis B in four communities in the peruvian central jungle. Rev. Med. Exp. 1997;14(1):34-39.
,
36
36. Segovia MG, Galvan K, Garcia VA, Huamani L, Gotuzzo EH. Prevalencia de marcadores serológicos para hepatitis B y delta e infección intrafamiliar en el valle del río Pampas, Perú¹. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2002;19(2):57-62.
,
38
38. Cabezas CS, Suárez MJ, Romero GC, Carrillo CP, García MP, Reátegui JS. Hiperendemicidad de Hepatitis viral B y Delta en pueblos indìgenas de la Amazonía Peruana. Rev. Perú. Med. Exp. Salud Publica. 2006;23(2):114-122.
|
100 |
204 |
40.56 |
20.68% - 62.01% |
85.74 |
<0.001 |
0.00 - 1.00 |
|
|
Venezuela |
3 |
16
16. Hadler SC, Alcala de Monzon M, Rivero D, Perez M, Bracho A, Fields H. Epidemiology and long-term consequences of hepatitis delta virus infection in the Yucpa Indians of Venezuela. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;136(12):1507-16.
,
18
18. Torres JR, Mondolfi A. Protracted outbreak of severe delta hepatitis: experience in an isolated Amerindian population of the Upper Orinoco basin. Rev Infect Dis. 1991;13(1):52-5.
,
40
40. Duarte MC, Cardona N, Poblete F, González K, García M, Pacheco M, et al. A comparative epidemiological study of hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus infections in Yanomami and Piaroa Amerindians of Amazonas State, Venezuela. Trop Med Int Health. 2010;15(8):924-33.
|
132 |
298 |
38.82 |
12.40% - 69.01% |
NE |
NE |
NE |
0.035 |
Specific geografic area |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amazon basin |
24 |
13
13. Ljunggren KE, Patarroyo ME, Engle R, Purcell RH, Gerin JL. Viral hepatitis in Colombia: a study of the "hepatitis of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta". Hepatology. 1985;5(2):299-304.
14. da Fonseca JCF, Ferreira LCL, Brasil LM, Castinho MC, MossI R, Barone M. Fulminant Labrea hepatitis--the role of hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), and D (HDV) infection. (Preliminary report). Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1992;34(6):609-12.
15. Fonseca JC, Simonetti SR, Schatzmayr HG, Castejón MJ, Cesário AL, Simonetti JP. Prevalence of infection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) among carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen in Amazonas State, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1988;82(3):469-71.
16. Hadler SC, Alcala de Monzon M, Rivero D, Perez M, Bracho A, Fields H. Epidemiology and long-term consequences of hepatitis delta virus infection in the Yucpa Indians of Venezuela. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;136(12):1507-16.
17. Soares MCP, Bensabath G. Indian tribes of East Amazonia as risk population for hepatitis D (delta) (letter). Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. São Paulo. 1991;33(3):241-2
18. Torres JR, Mondolfi A. Protracted outbreak of severe delta hepatitis: experience in an isolated Amerindian population of the Upper Orinoco basin. Rev Infect Dis. 1991;13(1):52-5.
19. Indacochea S, Gotuzzo E, De la Fuente J, Phillips I. High prevalence of hepatitis B and Delta markers in the interandean valley of Abancay. Rev. Méd. Hered. 1991;2(4):168-7.
20. Arboleda M, Castilho MC, Fonseca JCF, Albuquerque BC, Saboia RC, Yoshida CFT. Epidemiological aspects of hepatitis B and D virus infection in the northern region of Amazonas, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg . 1995;89(5):481-3.
21. Azevedo RA, Silva AE, Ferraz ML, Marcopito LF, Baruzzi RG. Prevalence of serologic markers of hepatitis B and D viruses in children of the Caiabi and Txucarramãe tribes from the Indian Reservation of Xingu, central Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1996;29(5):431-9.
-
22
22. Soares MC, Menezes RC, Martins SJ, Bensabath G. Epidemiology of hepatitis B, C and D viruses among indigenous Parakanã tribe in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon Region. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam. 1994;117(2):124-35.
,
28
28. Casey JL, Niro GA, Engle RE, Vega A, Gomez H, McCarthy M, et al. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection in outbreaks of acute hepatitis in the Peruvian Amazon basin: the roles of HDV genotype III and HBV genotype F. J Infect Dis. 1996;174(5):920-6.
,
29
29. Chang J, Zavaletta A, Philips I. Seroepidemiology for hepatitis B in four communities in the peruvian central jungle. Rev. Med. Exp. 1997;14(1):34-39.
,
32
32. León P, Venegas E, Bengoechea L, Rojas E, López JA, Elola C, et al. Prevalence of infections by hepatitis B, C, D and E viruses in Bolivia. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 1999;5(3):144-51.
33. Manock SR, Kelley PM, Hyams KC, Douce R, Smalligan RD, Watts DM, et al. An outbreak of fulminant hepatitis delta in the Waorani, an indigenous people of the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;63(3-4):209-13.
34. Paula VS, Arruda ME, Vitral CL, Gaspar AMC. Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis in riverine communities from the Western Region of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2001;96(8):1123-8.
35. Braga WSM, Brasil LM, Souza RAB, Castilho MC, Fonseca JC. The occurrence of hepatitis B and delta virus infection within seven Amerindian ethnic groups in the Brazilian western Amazon. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . 2001;34(4):349-55.
36. Segovia MG, Galvan K, Garcia VA, Huamani L, Gotuzzo EH. Prevalencia de marcadores serológicos para hepatitis B y delta e infección intrafamiliar en el valle del río Pampas, Perú¹. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2002;19(2):57-62.
37. Viana S, Paraná R, Moreira RC, Compri AP, Macedo V. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in the western Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg . 2005; 73(4):808-14.
38. Cabezas CS, Suárez MJ, Romero GC, Carrillo CP, García MP, Reátegui JS. Hiperendemicidad de Hepatitis viral B y Delta en pueblos indìgenas de la Amazonía Peruana. Rev. Perú. Med. Exp. Salud Publica. 2006;23(2):114-122.
39. Nunes HM, Monteiro MR, Soares MC. Prevalence of hepatitis B and D serological markers in the Parakanã, Apyterewa Indian Reservation, Pará State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(11):2756-66.
-
40
40. Duarte MC, Cardona N, Poblete F, González K, García M, Pacheco M, et al. A comparative epidemiological study of hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus infections in Yanomami and Piaroa Amerindians of Amazonas State, Venezuela. Trop Med Int Health. 2010;15(8):924-33.
,
43
43. Alvarado-Mora MV, Fernandez MF, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, de Azevedo Neto RS, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JR. Hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis delta (HDV) viruses in the Colombian population--how is the epidemiological situation? PLoS One. 2011;6(4):e18888.
,
45
45. Braga WSM, Castilho MC, Borges FG, Leão JRDT, Martinho ACS, Rodrigues IS, et al. Hepatitis D virus infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon - far from a vanishing disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . 2012;45(6):691-5.
,
48
48. Villa DF, Cortes-Mancera F, Payares E, Montes N, Hoz F, Arbelaez MP, et al. Hepatitis D virus and hepatitis B virus infection in Amerindian communities of the Amazonas state, Colombia. Virol J . 2015;12:172.
|
420 |
1033 |
32.12 |
20.95% - 42.21% |
90.84 |
<0.001 |
0.00 - 0.89 |
|
|
Another area (outside Amazon) |
7 |
30
30. Oliveira MLA, Bastos FI, Telles PR, Yoshida CFT, Schatzmayr HG, Paetzold U, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for HBV, HCV and HDV infections among injecting drug users from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1999;32(9):1107-14.
,
31
31. Fainboim H, González J, Fassio E, Martínez A, Otegui L, Eposto M, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis viruses in an anti-human immunodeficiency virus-positive population from Argentina. A multicentre study. J Viral Hepat. 1999;6(1):53-7.
,
41
41. Mendes-Correa MC, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Alvarado-Mora MV, Da Silva MH, Lázari C, Cavalcanti NC, et al. Hepatitis delta in HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Brazil: is it important? Int J Infect Dis . 2011;15(12):e828-32.
,
42
42. Barros LM, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Pinho JR, Alvarado-Mora MV, Dos Santos A, Mendes-Corrêa MC, et al. Hepatitis Delta virus genotype 8 infection in Northeast Brazil: inheritance from African slaves? Virus Res. 2011;160(1-2):333-9.
,
44
44. Delfino CM, Eirin ME, Berini C, Malan R, Gentile E, Castillo A, et al. HDAg-L variants in covert hepatitis D and HBV occult infection among Amerindians of Argentina: new insights. J Clin Virol. 2012;54(3):223-8.
,
46
46. Delfino CM, Gentile EA, Castillo AI, Cuestas ML, Pataccini G, Cánepa C, et al. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in blood donors from Argentina: circulation of HBsAg and reverse transcriptase mutants. Arch Virol. 2014;159(5):1109-17.
,
47
47. Freitas SZ, Soares CC, Tanaka TS, Lindenberg AS, Teles SA, Torres MS, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and genotypes of hepatitis B infection among HIV-infected patients in the State of MS, Central Brazil. BrazJ Infect Dis . 2014;18(5):473-80.
|
163 |
802 |
11.27 |
1.83% - 25.68% |
95.66 |
<0.001 |
0.00 - 0.77 |
0.027 |
Selected population |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Blood donors |
1 |
46
46. Delfino CM, Gentile EA, Castillo AI, Cuestas ML, Pataccini G, Cánepa C, et al. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in blood donors from Argentina: circulation of HBsAg and reverse transcriptase mutants. Arch Virol. 2014;159(5):1109-17.
|
1 |
109 |
0.92 |
0.16% - 5.01% |
NE |
NE |
NE |
|
|
General population |
5 |
19
19. Indacochea S, Gotuzzo E, De la Fuente J, Phillips I. High prevalence of hepatitis B and Delta markers in the interandean valley of Abancay. Rev. Méd. Hered. 1991;2(4):168-7.
,
20
20. Arboleda M, Castilho MC, Fonseca JCF, Albuquerque BC, Saboia RC, Yoshida CFT. Epidemiological aspects of hepatitis B and D virus infection in the northern region of Amazonas, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg . 1995;89(5):481-3.
,
29
29. Chang J, Zavaletta A, Philips I. Seroepidemiology for hepatitis B in four communities in the peruvian central jungle. Rev. Med. Exp. 1997;14(1):34-39.
,
34
34. Paula VS, Arruda ME, Vitral CL, Gaspar AMC. Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis in riverine communities from the Western Region of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2001;96(8):1123-8.
,
37
37. Viana S, Paraná R, Moreira RC, Compri AP, Macedo V. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in the western Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg . 2005; 73(4):808-14.
|
75 |
147 |
49.99 |
38.83% - 61.14% |
24.56 |
0.26 |
0.24 - 0.76 |
|
|
HIV-infected patients |
3 |
31
31. Fainboim H, González J, Fassio E, Martínez A, Otegui L, Eposto M, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis viruses in an anti-human immunodeficiency virus-positive population from Argentina. A multicentre study. J Viral Hepat. 1999;6(1):53-7.
,
41
41. Mendes-Correa MC, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Alvarado-Mora MV, Da Silva MH, Lázari C, Cavalcanti NC, et al. Hepatitis delta in HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Brazil: is it important? Int J Infect Dis . 2011;15(12):e828-32.
,
47
47. Freitas SZ, Soares CC, Tanaka TS, Lindenberg AS, Teles SA, Torres MS, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and genotypes of hepatitis B infection among HIV-infected patients in the State of MS, Central Brazil. BrazJ Infect Dis . 2014;18(5):473-80.
|
10 |
180 |
3.30 |
0.00% - 13.35% |
NE |
NE |
NE |
|
|
Health-care workers |
1 |
15
15. Fonseca JC, Simonetti SR, Schatzmayr HG, Castejón MJ, Cesário AL, Simonetti JP. Prevalence of infection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) among carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen in Amazonas State, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1988;82(3):469-71.
|
33 |
96 |
34.38 |
25.64% - 44.31% |
NE |
NE |
NE |
|
|
Hospitalized patients |
4 |
13
13. Ljunggren KE, Patarroyo ME, Engle R, Purcell RH, Gerin JL. Viral hepatitis in Colombia: a study of the "hepatitis of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta". Hepatology. 1985;5(2):299-304.
,
14
14. da Fonseca JCF, Ferreira LCL, Brasil LM, Castinho MC, MossI R, Barone M. Fulminant Labrea hepatitis--the role of hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), and D (HDV) infection. (Preliminary report). Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1992;34(6):609-12.
,
28
28. Casey JL, Niro GA, Engle RE, Vega A, Gomez H, McCarthy M, et al. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection in outbreaks of acute hepatitis in the Peruvian Amazon basin: the roles of HDV genotype III and HBV genotype F. J Infect Dis. 1996;174(5):920-6.
,
42
42. Barros LM, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Pinho JR, Alvarado-Mora MV, Dos Santos A, Mendes-Corrêa MC, et al. Hepatitis Delta virus genotype 8 infection in Northeast Brazil: inheritance from African slaves? Virus Res. 2011;160(1-2):333-9.
|
69 |
253 |
30.18 |
0.72 - 74.43% |
97.57 |
<0.001 |
0.00 - 1.00 |
|
|
Injecting drug users |
1 |
30
30. Oliveira MLA, Bastos FI, Telles PR, Yoshida CFT, Schatzmayr HG, Paetzold U, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for HBV, HCV and HDV infections among injecting drug users from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1999;32(9):1107-14.
|
0 |
8 |
0.00 |
0.00% - 32.44% |
NE |
NE |
NE |
|
|
Native indigenous communities |
14 |
16
16. Hadler SC, Alcala de Monzon M, Rivero D, Perez M, Bracho A, Fields H. Epidemiology and long-term consequences of hepatitis delta virus infection in the Yucpa Indians of Venezuela. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;136(12):1507-16.
17. Soares MCP, Bensabath G. Indian tribes of East Amazonia as risk population for hepatitis D (delta) (letter). Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. São Paulo. 1991;33(3):241-2
-
18
18. Torres JR, Mondolfi A. Protracted outbreak of severe delta hepatitis: experience in an isolated Amerindian population of the Upper Orinoco basin. Rev Infect Dis. 1991;13(1):52-5.
,
21
21. Azevedo RA, Silva AE, Ferraz ML, Marcopito LF, Baruzzi RG. Prevalence of serologic markers of hepatitis B and D viruses in children of the Caiabi and Txucarramãe tribes from the Indian Reservation of Xingu, central Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1996;29(5):431-9.
,
22
22. Soares MC, Menezes RC, Martins SJ, Bensabath G. Epidemiology of hepatitis B, C and D viruses among indigenous Parakanã tribe in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon Region. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam. 1994;117(2):124-35.
,
32
32. León P, Venegas E, Bengoechea L, Rojas E, López JA, Elola C, et al. Prevalence of infections by hepatitis B, C, D and E viruses in Bolivia. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 1999;5(3):144-51.
,
33
33. Manock SR, Kelley PM, Hyams KC, Douce R, Smalligan RD, Watts DM, et al. An outbreak of fulminant hepatitis delta in the Waorani, an indigenous people of the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;63(3-4):209-13.
,
35
35. Braga WSM, Brasil LM, Souza RAB, Castilho MC, Fonseca JC. The occurrence of hepatitis B and delta virus infection within seven Amerindian ethnic groups in the Brazilian western Amazon. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . 2001;34(4):349-55.
,
38
38. Cabezas CS, Suárez MJ, Romero GC, Carrillo CP, García MP, Reátegui JS. Hiperendemicidad de Hepatitis viral B y Delta en pueblos indìgenas de la Amazonía Peruana. Rev. Perú. Med. Exp. Salud Publica. 2006;23(2):114-122.
39. Nunes HM, Monteiro MR, Soares MC. Prevalence of hepatitis B and D serological markers in the Parakanã, Apyterewa Indian Reservation, Pará State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(11):2756-66.
-
40
40. Duarte MC, Cardona N, Poblete F, González K, García M, Pacheco M, et al. A comparative epidemiological study of hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus infections in Yanomami and Piaroa Amerindians of Amazonas State, Venezuela. Trop Med Int Health. 2010;15(8):924-33.
,
43
43. Alvarado-Mora MV, Fernandez MF, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, de Azevedo Neto RS, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JR. Hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis delta (HDV) viruses in the Colombian population--how is the epidemiological situation? PLoS One. 2011;6(4):e18888.
,
44
44. Delfino CM, Eirin ME, Berini C, Malan R, Gentile E, Castillo A, et al. HDAg-L variants in covert hepatitis D and HBV occult infection among Amerindians of Argentina: new insights. J Clin Virol. 2012;54(3):223-8.
,
48
48. Villa DF, Cortes-Mancera F, Payares E, Montes N, Hoz F, Arbelaez MP, et al. Hepatitis D virus and hepatitis B virus infection in Amerindian communities of the Amazonas state, Colombia. Virol J . 2015;12:172.
|
353 |
931 |
22.20 |
11.38% - 35.08% |
93.14 |
<0.001 |
0.00 - 0.76 |
|
|
Rural population |
1 |
45
45. Braga WSM, Castilho MC, Borges FG, Leão JRDT, Martinho ACS, Rodrigues IS, et al. Hepatitis D virus infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon - far from a vanishing disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . 2012;45(6):691-5.
|
39 |
93 |
41.94 |
32.42% - 52.09% |
NE |
NE |
NE |
|
|
School community |
1 |
36
36. Segovia MG, Galvan K, Garcia VA, Huamani L, Gotuzzo EH. Prevalencia de marcadores serológicos para hepatitis B y delta e infección intrafamiliar en el valle del río Pampas, Perú¹. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2002;19(2):57-62.
|
3 |
18 |
16.67 |
5.84% - 39.22% |
NE |
NE |
NE |
<0.001 |
HDV/HBV infection |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Low risk* |
7 |
20
20. Arboleda M, Castilho MC, Fonseca JCF, Albuquerque BC, Saboia RC, Yoshida CFT. Epidemiological aspects of hepatitis B and D virus infection in the northern region of Amazonas, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg . 1995;89(5):481-3.
,
29
29. Chang J, Zavaletta A, Philips I. Seroepidemiology for hepatitis B in four communities in the peruvian central jungle. Rev. Med. Exp. 1997;14(1):34-39.
.
34
34. Paula VS, Arruda ME, Vitral CL, Gaspar AMC. Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis in riverine communities from the Western Region of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2001;96(8):1123-8.
.
36
36. Segovia MG, Galvan K, Garcia VA, Huamani L, Gotuzzo EH. Prevalencia de marcadores serológicos para hepatitis B y delta e infección intrafamiliar en el valle del río Pampas, Perú¹. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2002;19(2):57-62.
.
37
37. Viana S, Paraná R, Moreira RC, Compri AP, Macedo V. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in the western Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg . 2005; 73(4):808-14.
.
45
45. Braga WSM, Castilho MC, Borges FG, Leão JRDT, Martinho ACS, Rodrigues IS, et al. Hepatitis D virus infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon - far from a vanishing disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . 2012;45(6):691-5.
.
46
46. Delfino CM, Gentile EA, Castillo AI, Cuestas ML, Pataccini G, Cánepa C, et al. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in blood donors from Argentina: circulation of HBsAg and reverse transcriptase mutants. Arch Virol. 2014;159(5):1109-17.
|
79 |
274 |
31.22 |
6.98% - 61.96% |
95.10 |
<0.001 |
0.00 - 1.00 |
|
|
High risk† |
24 |
13
13. Ljunggren KE, Patarroyo ME, Engle R, Purcell RH, Gerin JL. Viral hepatitis in Colombia: a study of the "hepatitis of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta". Hepatology. 1985;5(2):299-304.
14. da Fonseca JCF, Ferreira LCL, Brasil LM, Castinho MC, MossI R, Barone M. Fulminant Labrea hepatitis--the role of hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), and D (HDV) infection. (Preliminary report). Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1992;34(6):609-12.
15. Fonseca JC, Simonetti SR, Schatzmayr HG, Castejón MJ, Cesário AL, Simonetti JP. Prevalence of infection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) among carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen in Amazonas State, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1988;82(3):469-71.
16. Hadler SC, Alcala de Monzon M, Rivero D, Perez M, Bracho A, Fields H. Epidemiology and long-term consequences of hepatitis delta virus infection in the Yucpa Indians of Venezuela. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;136(12):1507-16.
17. Soares MCP, Bensabath G. Indian tribes of East Amazonia as risk population for hepatitis D (delta) (letter). Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. São Paulo. 1991;33(3):241-2
-
18
18. Torres JR, Mondolfi A. Protracted outbreak of severe delta hepatitis: experience in an isolated Amerindian population of the Upper Orinoco basin. Rev Infect Dis. 1991;13(1):52-5.
,
21
21. Azevedo RA, Silva AE, Ferraz ML, Marcopito LF, Baruzzi RG. Prevalence of serologic markers of hepatitis B and D viruses in children of the Caiabi and Txucarramãe tribes from the Indian Reservation of Xingu, central Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1996;29(5):431-9.
,
22
22. Soares MC, Menezes RC, Martins SJ, Bensabath G. Epidemiology of hepatitis B, C and D viruses among indigenous Parakanã tribe in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon Region. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam. 1994;117(2):124-35.
,
28
28. Casey JL, Niro GA, Engle RE, Vega A, Gomez H, McCarthy M, et al. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection in outbreaks of acute hepatitis in the Peruvian Amazon basin: the roles of HDV genotype III and HBV genotype F. J Infect Dis. 1996;174(5):920-6.
,
30
30. Oliveira MLA, Bastos FI, Telles PR, Yoshida CFT, Schatzmayr HG, Paetzold U, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for HBV, HCV and HDV infections among injecting drug users from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1999;32(9):1107-14.
31. Fainboim H, González J, Fassio E, Martínez A, Otegui L, Eposto M, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis viruses in an anti-human immunodeficiency virus-positive population from Argentina. A multicentre study. J Viral Hepat. 1999;6(1):53-7.
32. León P, Venegas E, Bengoechea L, Rojas E, López JA, Elola C, et al. Prevalence of infections by hepatitis B, C, D and E viruses in Bolivia. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 1999;5(3):144-51.
33. Manock SR, Kelley PM, Hyams KC, Douce R, Smalligan RD, Watts DM, et al. An outbreak of fulminant hepatitis delta in the Waorani, an indigenous people of the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;63(3-4):209-13.
34. Paula VS, Arruda ME, Vitral CL, Gaspar AMC. Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis in riverine communities from the Western Region of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2001;96(8):1123-8.
-
35
35. Braga WSM, Brasil LM, Souza RAB, Castilho MC, Fonseca JC. The occurrence of hepatitis B and delta virus infection within seven Amerindian ethnic groups in the Brazilian western Amazon. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . 2001;34(4):349-55.
,
38
38. Cabezas CS, Suárez MJ, Romero GC, Carrillo CP, García MP, Reátegui JS. Hiperendemicidad de Hepatitis viral B y Delta en pueblos indìgenas de la Amazonía Peruana. Rev. Perú. Med. Exp. Salud Publica. 2006;23(2):114-122.
39. Nunes HM, Monteiro MR, Soares MC. Prevalence of hepatitis B and D serological markers in the Parakanã, Apyterewa Indian Reservation, Pará State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(11):2756-66.
40. Duarte MC, Cardona N, Poblete F, González K, García M, Pacheco M, et al. A comparative epidemiological study of hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus infections in Yanomami and Piaroa Amerindians of Amazonas State, Venezuela. Trop Med Int Health. 2010;15(8):924-33.
41. Mendes-Correa MC, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Alvarado-Mora MV, Da Silva MH, Lázari C, Cavalcanti NC, et al. Hepatitis delta in HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Brazil: is it important? Int J Infect Dis . 2011;15(12):e828-32.
42. Barros LM, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Pinho JR, Alvarado-Mora MV, Dos Santos A, Mendes-Corrêa MC, et al. Hepatitis Delta virus genotype 8 infection in Northeast Brazil: inheritance from African slaves? Virus Res. 2011;160(1-2):333-9.
43. Alvarado-Mora MV, Fernandez MF, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, de Azevedo Neto RS, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JR. Hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis delta (HDV) viruses in the Colombian population--how is the epidemiological situation? PLoS One. 2011;6(4):e18888.
-
44
44. Delfino CM, Eirin ME, Berini C, Malan R, Gentile E, Castillo A, et al. HDAg-L variants in covert hepatitis D and HBV occult infection among Amerindians of Argentina: new insights. J Clin Virol. 2012;54(3):223-8.
,
47
47. Freitas SZ, Soares CC, Tanaka TS, Lindenberg AS, Teles SA, Torres MS, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and genotypes of hepatitis B infection among HIV-infected patients in the State of MS, Central Brazil. BrazJ Infect Dis . 2014;18(5):473-80.
,
48
48. Villa DF, Cortes-Mancera F, Payares E, Montes N, Hoz F, Arbelaez MP, et al. Hepatitis D virus and hepatitis B virus infection in Amerindian communities of the Amazonas state, Colombia. Virol J . 2015;12:172.
|
504 |
1561 |
20.18 |
11.21% - 30.76% |
94.88 |
<0.001 |
0.00 - 0.77 |
0.447 |
Anti-HDV diagnostic method |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ELISA |
18 |
19
19. Indacochea S, Gotuzzo E, De la Fuente J, Phillips I. High prevalence of hepatitis B and Delta markers in the interandean valley of Abancay. Rev. Méd. Hered. 1991;2(4):168-7.
,
20
20. Arboleda M, Castilho MC, Fonseca JCF, Albuquerque BC, Saboia RC, Yoshida CFT. Epidemiological aspects of hepatitis B and D virus infection in the northern region of Amazonas, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg . 1995;89(5):481-3.
,
29
29. Chang J, Zavaletta A, Philips I. Seroepidemiology for hepatitis B in four communities in the peruvian central jungle. Rev. Med. Exp. 1997;14(1):34-39.
,
33
33. Manock SR, Kelley PM, Hyams KC, Douce R, Smalligan RD, Watts DM, et al. An outbreak of fulminant hepatitis delta in the Waorani, an indigenous people of the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;63(3-4):209-13.
34. Paula VS, Arruda ME, Vitral CL, Gaspar AMC. Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis in riverine communities from the Western Region of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2001;96(8):1123-8.
35. Braga WSM, Brasil LM, Souza RAB, Castilho MC, Fonseca JC. The occurrence of hepatitis B and delta virus infection within seven Amerindian ethnic groups in the Brazilian western Amazon. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . 2001;34(4):349-55.
36. Segovia MG, Galvan K, Garcia VA, Huamani L, Gotuzzo EH. Prevalencia de marcadores serológicos para hepatitis B y delta e infección intrafamiliar en el valle del río Pampas, Perú¹. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2002;19(2):57-62.
37. Viana S, Paraná R, Moreira RC, Compri AP, Macedo V. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in the western Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg . 2005; 73(4):808-14.
38. Cabezas CS, Suárez MJ, Romero GC, Carrillo CP, García MP, Reátegui JS. Hiperendemicidad de Hepatitis viral B y Delta en pueblos indìgenas de la Amazonía Peruana. Rev. Perú. Med. Exp. Salud Publica. 2006;23(2):114-122.
-
39
39. Nunes HM, Monteiro MR, Soares MC. Prevalence of hepatitis B and D serological markers in the Parakanã, Apyterewa Indian Reservation, Pará State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(11):2756-66.
,
41
41. Mendes-Correa MC, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Alvarado-Mora MV, Da Silva MH, Lázari C, Cavalcanti NC, et al. Hepatitis delta in HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Brazil: is it important? Int J Infect Dis . 2011;15(12):e828-32.
42. Barros LM, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Pinho JR, Alvarado-Mora MV, Dos Santos A, Mendes-Corrêa MC, et al. Hepatitis Delta virus genotype 8 infection in Northeast Brazil: inheritance from African slaves? Virus Res. 2011;160(1-2):333-9.
-
43
43. Alvarado-Mora MV, Fernandez MF, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, de Azevedo Neto RS, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JR. Hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis delta (HDV) viruses in the Colombian population--how is the epidemiological situation? PLoS One. 2011;6(4):e18888.
,
45
45. Braga WSM, Castilho MC, Borges FG, Leão JRDT, Martinho ACS, Rodrigues IS, et al. Hepatitis D virus infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon - far from a vanishing disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . 2012;45(6):691-5.
46. Delfino CM, Gentile EA, Castillo AI, Cuestas ML, Pataccini G, Cánepa C, et al. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in blood donors from Argentina: circulation of HBsAg and reverse transcriptase mutants. Arch Virol. 2014;159(5):1109-17.
47. Freitas SZ, Soares CC, Tanaka TS, Lindenberg AS, Teles SA, Torres MS, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and genotypes of hepatitis B infection among HIV-infected patients in the State of MS, Central Brazil. BrazJ Infect Dis . 2014;18(5):473-80.
-
48
48. Villa DF, Cortes-Mancera F, Payares E, Montes N, Hoz F, Arbelaez MP, et al. Hepatitis D virus and hepatitis B virus infection in Amerindian communities of the Amazonas state, Colombia. Virol J . 2015;12:172.
|
199 |
876 |
20.36 |
9.82% - 33.13% |
95.23 |
<0.001 |
0.00 - 0.90 |
|
|
Enzyme immunoassays |
10 |
14
14. da Fonseca JCF, Ferreira LCL, Brasil LM, Castinho MC, MossI R, Barone M. Fulminant Labrea hepatitis--the role of hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), and D (HDV) infection. (Preliminary report). Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1992;34(6):609-12.
15. Fonseca JC, Simonetti SR, Schatzmayr HG, Castejón MJ, Cesário AL, Simonetti JP. Prevalence of infection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) among carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen in Amazonas State, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1988;82(3):469-71.
-
16
16. Hadler SC, Alcala de Monzon M, Rivero D, Perez M, Bracho A, Fields H. Epidemiology and long-term consequences of hepatitis delta virus infection in the Yucpa Indians of Venezuela. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;136(12):1507-16.
,
21
21. Azevedo RA, Silva AE, Ferraz ML, Marcopito LF, Baruzzi RG. Prevalence of serologic markers of hepatitis B and D viruses in children of the Caiabi and Txucarramãe tribes from the Indian Reservation of Xingu, central Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1996;29(5):431-9.
,
22
22. Soares MC, Menezes RC, Martins SJ, Bensabath G. Epidemiology of hepatitis B, C and D viruses among indigenous Parakanã tribe in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon Region. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam. 1994;117(2):124-35.
,
28
28. Casey JL, Niro GA, Engle RE, Vega A, Gomez H, McCarthy M, et al. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection in outbreaks of acute hepatitis in the Peruvian Amazon basin: the roles of HDV genotype III and HBV genotype F. J Infect Dis. 1996;174(5):920-6.
,
30
30. Oliveira MLA, Bastos FI, Telles PR, Yoshida CFT, Schatzmayr HG, Paetzold U, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for HBV, HCV and HDV infections among injecting drug users from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1999;32(9):1107-14.
31. Fainboim H, González J, Fassio E, Martínez A, Otegui L, Eposto M, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis viruses in an anti-human immunodeficiency virus-positive population from Argentina. A multicentre study. J Viral Hepat. 1999;6(1):53-7.
-
32
32. León P, Venegas E, Bengoechea L, Rojas E, López JA, Elola C, et al. Prevalence of infections by hepatitis B, C, D and E viruses in Bolivia. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 1999;5(3):144-51.
,
40
40. Duarte MC, Cardona N, Poblete F, González K, García M, Pacheco M, et al. A comparative epidemiological study of hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus infections in Yanomami and Piaroa Amerindians of Amazonas State, Venezuela. Trop Med Int Health. 2010;15(8):924-33.
|
217 |
609 |
20.14 |
5.96% - 39.03% |
93.55 |
<0.001 |
0.00 - 0.80 |
|
|
Radioimmunoassay |
2 |
13
13. Ljunggren KE, Patarroyo ME, Engle R, Purcell RH, Gerin JL. Viral hepatitis in Colombia: a study of the "hepatitis of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta". Hepatology. 1985;5(2):299-304.
14. da Fonseca JCF, Ferreira LCL, Brasil LM, Castinho MC, MossI R, Barone M. Fulminant Labrea hepatitis--the role of hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), and D (HDV) infection. (Preliminary report). Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1992;34(6):609-12.
15. Fonseca JC, Simonetti SR, Schatzmayr HG, Castejón MJ, Cesário AL, Simonetti JP. Prevalence of infection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) among carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen in Amazonas State, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1988;82(3):469-71.
16. Hadler SC, Alcala de Monzon M, Rivero D, Perez M, Bracho A, Fields H. Epidemiology and long-term consequences of hepatitis delta virus infection in the Yucpa Indians of Venezuela. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;136(12):1507-16.
17. Soares MCP, Bensabath G. Indian tribes of East Amazonia as risk population for hepatitis D (delta) (letter). Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. São Paulo. 1991;33(3):241-2
-
18
18. Torres JR, Mondolfi A. Protracted outbreak of severe delta hepatitis: experience in an isolated Amerindian population of the Upper Orinoco basin. Rev Infect Dis. 1991;13(1):52-5.
|
23 |
62 |
35.83 |
24.14% - 48.39% |
NE |
NE |
NE |
|
|
NA |
1 |
17
17. Soares MCP, Bensabath G. Indian tribes of East Amazonia as risk population for hepatitis D (delta) (letter). Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. São Paulo. 1991;33(3):241-2
|
144 |
288 |
50.00 |
44.26% - 55.74% |
NE |
NE |
NE |
<0.001 |
Overall random pooled |
All studies |
31 |
13
13. Ljunggren KE, Patarroyo ME, Engle R, Purcell RH, Gerin JL. Viral hepatitis in Colombia: a study of the "hepatitis of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta". Hepatology. 1985;5(2):299-304.
14. da Fonseca JCF, Ferreira LCL, Brasil LM, Castinho MC, MossI R, Barone M. Fulminant Labrea hepatitis--the role of hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), and D (HDV) infection. (Preliminary report). Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1992;34(6):609-12.
15. Fonseca JC, Simonetti SR, Schatzmayr HG, Castejón MJ, Cesário AL, Simonetti JP. Prevalence of infection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) among carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen in Amazonas State, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1988;82(3):469-71.
16. Hadler SC, Alcala de Monzon M, Rivero D, Perez M, Bracho A, Fields H. Epidemiology and long-term consequences of hepatitis delta virus infection in the Yucpa Indians of Venezuela. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;136(12):1507-16.
17. Soares MCP, Bensabath G. Indian tribes of East Amazonia as risk population for hepatitis D (delta) (letter). Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. São Paulo. 1991;33(3):241-2
18. Torres JR, Mondolfi A. Protracted outbreak of severe delta hepatitis: experience in an isolated Amerindian population of the Upper Orinoco basin. Rev Infect Dis. 1991;13(1):52-5.
19. Indacochea S, Gotuzzo E, De la Fuente J, Phillips I. High prevalence of hepatitis B and Delta markers in the interandean valley of Abancay. Rev. Méd. Hered. 1991;2(4):168-7.
20. Arboleda M, Castilho MC, Fonseca JCF, Albuquerque BC, Saboia RC, Yoshida CFT. Epidemiological aspects of hepatitis B and D virus infection in the northern region of Amazonas, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg . 1995;89(5):481-3.
21. Azevedo RA, Silva AE, Ferraz ML, Marcopito LF, Baruzzi RG. Prevalence of serologic markers of hepatitis B and D viruses in children of the Caiabi and Txucarramãe tribes from the Indian Reservation of Xingu, central Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1996;29(5):431-9.
-
22
22. Soares MC, Menezes RC, Martins SJ, Bensabath G. Epidemiology of hepatitis B, C and D viruses among indigenous Parakanã tribe in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon Region. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam. 1994;117(2):124-35.
,
28
28. Casey JL, Niro GA, Engle RE, Vega A, Gomez H, McCarthy M, et al. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection in outbreaks of acute hepatitis in the Peruvian Amazon basin: the roles of HDV genotype III and HBV genotype F. J Infect Dis. 1996;174(5):920-6.
29. Chang J, Zavaletta A, Philips I. Seroepidemiology for hepatitis B in four communities in the peruvian central jungle. Rev. Med. Exp. 1997;14(1):34-39.
30. Oliveira MLA, Bastos FI, Telles PR, Yoshida CFT, Schatzmayr HG, Paetzold U, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for HBV, HCV and HDV infections among injecting drug users from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1999;32(9):1107-14.
31. Fainboim H, González J, Fassio E, Martínez A, Otegui L, Eposto M, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis viruses in an anti-human immunodeficiency virus-positive population from Argentina. A multicentre study. J Viral Hepat. 1999;6(1):53-7.
32. León P, Venegas E, Bengoechea L, Rojas E, López JA, Elola C, et al. Prevalence of infections by hepatitis B, C, D and E viruses in Bolivia. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 1999;5(3):144-51.
33. Manock SR, Kelley PM, Hyams KC, Douce R, Smalligan RD, Watts DM, et al. An outbreak of fulminant hepatitis delta in the Waorani, an indigenous people of the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;63(3-4):209-13.
34. Paula VS, Arruda ME, Vitral CL, Gaspar AMC. Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis in riverine communities from the Western Region of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2001;96(8):1123-8.
35. Braga WSM, Brasil LM, Souza RAB, Castilho MC, Fonseca JC. The occurrence of hepatitis B and delta virus infection within seven Amerindian ethnic groups in the Brazilian western Amazon. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . 2001;34(4):349-55.
36. Segovia MG, Galvan K, Garcia VA, Huamani L, Gotuzzo EH. Prevalencia de marcadores serológicos para hepatitis B y delta e infección intrafamiliar en el valle del río Pampas, Perú¹. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2002;19(2):57-62.
37. Viana S, Paraná R, Moreira RC, Compri AP, Macedo V. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in the western Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg . 2005; 73(4):808-14.
38. Cabezas CS, Suárez MJ, Romero GC, Carrillo CP, García MP, Reátegui JS. Hiperendemicidad de Hepatitis viral B y Delta en pueblos indìgenas de la Amazonía Peruana. Rev. Perú. Med. Exp. Salud Publica. 2006;23(2):114-122.
39. Nunes HM, Monteiro MR, Soares MC. Prevalence of hepatitis B and D serological markers in the Parakanã, Apyterewa Indian Reservation, Pará State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(11):2756-66.
40. Duarte MC, Cardona N, Poblete F, González K, García M, Pacheco M, et al. A comparative epidemiological study of hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus infections in Yanomami and Piaroa Amerindians of Amazonas State, Venezuela. Trop Med Int Health. 2010;15(8):924-33.
41. Mendes-Correa MC, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Alvarado-Mora MV, Da Silva MH, Lázari C, Cavalcanti NC, et al. Hepatitis delta in HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Brazil: is it important? Int J Infect Dis . 2011;15(12):e828-32.
42. Barros LM, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Pinho JR, Alvarado-Mora MV, Dos Santos A, Mendes-Corrêa MC, et al. Hepatitis Delta virus genotype 8 infection in Northeast Brazil: inheritance from African slaves? Virus Res. 2011;160(1-2):333-9.
43. Alvarado-Mora MV, Fernandez MF, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, de Azevedo Neto RS, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JR. Hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis delta (HDV) viruses in the Colombian population--how is the epidemiological situation? PLoS One. 2011;6(4):e18888.
44. Delfino CM, Eirin ME, Berini C, Malan R, Gentile E, Castillo A, et al. HDAg-L variants in covert hepatitis D and HBV occult infection among Amerindians of Argentina: new insights. J Clin Virol. 2012;54(3):223-8.
45. Braga WSM, Castilho MC, Borges FG, Leão JRDT, Martinho ACS, Rodrigues IS, et al. Hepatitis D virus infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon - far from a vanishing disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . 2012;45(6):691-5.
46. Delfino CM, Gentile EA, Castillo AI, Cuestas ML, Pataccini G, Cánepa C, et al. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in blood donors from Argentina: circulation of HBsAg and reverse transcriptase mutants. Arch Virol. 2014;159(5):1109-17.
47. Freitas SZ, Soares CC, Tanaka TS, Lindenberg AS, Teles SA, Torres MS, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and genotypes of hepatitis B infection among HIV-infected patients in the State of MS, Central Brazil. BrazJ Infect Dis . 2014;18(5):473-80.
-
48
48. Villa DF, Cortes-Mancera F, Payares E, Montes N, Hoz F, Arbelaez MP, et al. Hepatitis D virus and hepatitis B virus infection in Amerindian communities of the Amazonas state, Colombia. Virol J . 2015;12:172.
|
583 |
1835 |
22.37 |
13.72% - 32.26% |
94.79 |
<0.001 |
0.00 - 0.80 |
<0.001 |