Three new species of Erythroxylum from Amazoniaare described: Enythroxylum nelson-rosae Plowman, E. schunkei Plowman and E. tucuruiende Plowman. An emended des-cription is given for E; ligustrinum DC., previously know from a single collection from French Guiana: its is here cited from Brazil for the first time. A new variety, E. ligustrinum var. carajasensePlowman, is also described. A provisional list of all Erythroxylum species occurring in Amazonia and peripheral areas is appended.