Identification key for the genera of Syrphidae (Diptera) from the Brazilian Amazon and new taxon records

MIRANDA, Gil Felipe Gonçalves

doi:10.1590/1809-4392201601022

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Zoology • Acta Amaz. 47 (1) • Jan-Mar 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201601022 copy

Identification key for the genera of Syrphidae (Diptera) from the Brazilian Amazon and new taxon records

Chave de identificação para os gêneros de Syrphidae (Diptera) da Amazônia brasileira e novos registros

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Identification keys are essential to properly recognize taxa, and a photographic key not only addresses that issue but can also attract the interest of the general public if designed correctly. Syrphidae is one of the largest families of Diptera, and the Brazilian Amazon holds more taxon records from this family than currently reported. The aim of the current study was to provide an updated photographic identification key, of easy use and access, to the genera of Syrphidae (Diptera) from the Brazilian Amazon region, and identify previously unrecorded taxa. Through a literature review and study of collection material from several institutions, I found 36 new taxon records for the Brazilian Amazon (15 are first records for Brazil) and provided a list of references with identification keys to species from each genus. The online version of this manuscript has a photographic identification key, with diagnostic pages for each genus, as supplementary material.

Keywords:
Flower fly; live pictures; Neotropical; online; taxonomy

Species	New Brazilian record	New state record
Eristalinae
Cepa margarita (Thompson, 1999)	X	AM
Mallota sp.	X	AM
Meromacrus milesia Hull, 1942	X	AM
M. pachypus (Wiedemann, 1830)		AM
Nausigaster bonariensis Lynch-Arribalzaga, 1892		PA
Orthonevra sp.		AM, MA
Palpada aemula (Williston, 1891)	X	PA
P. agrorum (Fabricius, 1787)		AM
P. fasciata (Wiedemann, 1819)	X	AM, PA
Polybiomyia bigotii (Williston, 1888)		RR
Quichuana longicauda Ricarte & Hancock, 2012	X	AM
Microdontinae
Aristosyrphus (Aristosyrphus) sp.		AM
Carreramyia sp.	X	AM
Ceratophya carinifacies (Curran, 1934)		MA
Domodon zodiacus Reemer, 2013	X	AM
Hypselosyrphus trigonus Hull, 1937		AM
Masarygus planifrons Brèthes, 1908		PA
Menidon falcatus (Williston, 1887)		AM
Microdon macquartii Lynch-Arribalzaga, 1891	X	AM
Pseudomicrodon polistoides Reemer, 2013	X	AM
P. smiti Reemer, 2013	X	AM
Schizoceratomyia barretoi Carrera, Lopes & Lane, 1947		PA
Stipomorpha apicula (Curran, 1930)	X	AM
S. goettei (Shannon, 1927)		AM
S. guianica (Curran, 1925)		AM
S. mackiei (Shannon, 1927)		AM
Surimyia minutula (Doesburg, 1966)	X	AM
Pipizinae
Trichopsomyia polita Williston, 1888		RR
Syrphinae
Calostigma elnora Shannon, 1927	X	AM
Eosalpingogaster cochenillivora (Guérin-Méneville, 1848)		PA
Hybobathus placivus (Williston, 1888)		PA
Ocyptamus icarus Reemer, 2010	X	AC
O. obliquus (Curran, 1941)		AM
O. prenes (Curran, 1930)		AM
Pelecinobaccha pandora (Hull, 1941)		AC
Xanthandrus plaumanni Fluke, 1937		AM, RR
Total: 36 taxa

Genus	Reference
Eristalinae
Alipumilio	Vockeroth (1964Vockeroth, J.R. 1964. The genus Alipumilio Shannon (Diptera: Syrphidae). Canadian Entomologist, 96: 922-924.)
Cepa	Thompson (2007aThompson, F.C. 2007a. A new Costa Rican flower fly (Diptera: Syrphidae) and a replacement name for a neotropical flower fly genus. Studia Dipterologica, 14: 167-170.)
Chalcosyrphus (Neplas)	Curran (1941Curran, C.H. 1941. New American Syrphidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78: 243-304.) (as Planes) and Thompson (1981Thompson, F.C. 1981. The flower flies of the West Indies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Memories of the Entomological Society of Washington, 9: 1200.)
Copestylum	Curran (1939Curran, C.H. 1939. Synopsis of the American species of Volucella (Syrphidae; Diptera). American Museum Novitates, 1027: 1-7., 1953Curran, C.H. 1953. Notes and descriptions of some Mydaidae and Syrphidae (Diptera). American Museum Novitates, 1645: 1-15.) (as Volucella), Fluke (1951Fluke, C.L. 1951. Syrphid flies related to Volucella scutellata Macquart. American Museum Novitates, 1503: 1-24.) and Thompson (1981Thompson, F.C. 1981. The flower flies of the West Indies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Memories of the Entomological Society of Washington, 9: 1200.)
Habromyia	Curran (1934Curran, C.H. 1934. Diptera of Kartabo, Bartica District, British Guiana. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 66: 287-532.)
Lepidomyia	Hull (1946Hull, F.M. 1946. The genus Lepidostola Mik. American Museum Novitates, 1326: 1-15.) (as Lepidostola)
Lycastrirhyncha	Doesburg (1963Doesburg, P.H.V. 1963. Preliminary list of Syrphidae known from Suriname and British and French Guiana. Studies on the fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas, 5: 1-33.)
Mallota	Single species is illustrated in this study
Meromacrus	Hull (1942Hull, F.M. 1942. The flies of the genus Meromacrus. American Museum Novitates, 1200: 1-12.), Thompson (1981Thompson, F.C. 1981. The flower flies of the West Indies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Memories of the Entomological Society of Washington, 9: 1200.) and *Blatch et al. (2003*Blatch, S.A.; Thompson, F.C.; Zumbado, M.A. 2003. A review of the Mesoamerican flower flies of the genus Meromacrus (Diptera: Syrphidae) including the description of a new species. Studia Dipterologica, 10: 13-36.)
Monoceromyia	Curran (1941Curran, C.H. 1941. New American Syrphidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78: 243-304.) and Thompson (1981Thompson, F.C. 1981. The flower flies of the West Indies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Memories of the Entomological Society of Washington, 9: 1200.) (as Ceriana)
Myolepta	Thompson (1968Thompson, F.C. 1968. The placement of the subgenus Protolepidostola Hull (Diptera: Syrphidae) with description of two new species. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 41: 270277.)
Nausigaster	Curran (1941Curran, C.H. 1941. New American Syrphidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78: 243-304.) and *Carrera et al. (1947*Carrera, M.; Lopes, H.; Lane, J. 1947. Contribuição ao conhecimento dos "Microdontinae" neotrópicos e descrição de duas novas espécies de "Nausigaster" Williston (Diptera, Syrphidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 7: 471-486.) (species published post Curran (1941))
Ornidia	Carvalho-Filho and Esposito (2009Carvalho-Filho, F.S.; Esposito, M.C. 2009. A review of the flower fly genus Ornidia Lepeltier & Serville (Diptera: Syrphidae) with the description of a new species from Brazil. Zootaxa, 2014: 59-64.)
Orthonevra	Single species is illustrated in this study
Palpada	Lagrange (1992Lagrange, E.B. 1992. Revision de las especies argentinas del grupo vinetorum del genero Palpada Macquart 1834 (Diptera, Syrphidae). Revista de la sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 50: 145-166.), Mengual and Thompson (2008Mengual, X.; Thompson, F.C. 2008. A Taxonomic review of the Palpada ruficeps species group, with the description of a new flower fly from Colombia (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa, 1741: 31-36.) and Morales and Marinoni (2009Morales, M.N.; Marinoni, L. 2009. Cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the scutellaris group of Palpada Macquart (Diptera: Syrphidae). Invertebrate systematics, 23: 301-347.)
Polybiomyia	Curran (1941Curran, C.H. 1941. New American Syrphidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78: 243-304.)
Quichuana	*Ricarte et al. (2012*Ricarte, A.; Marcos-García, M.A.; Hancock, G.; Rotheray, G.E. 2012. Revision of the new world genus Quichuana Knab, 1913 (Diptera: Syrphidae), including descriptions of 24 new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 166: 72-131.)
Rhingia	Fluke (1943Fluke, C.L. 1943. A new genus and a new species of Syrphidae (Diptera) from Ecuador. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 36: 425-431.)
Senogaster	Single species is illustrated in this study
Sphiximorpha	Curran (1941Curran, C.H. 1941. New American Syrphidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78: 243-304.)
Sterphus (Ceriogaster)	Hippa and Thompson (1994Hippa, H.; Thompson, F.C. 1994. Revision of the Sterphus cybele species group (Diptera: Syrphidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 96: 483-495.) and Zumbado and Thompson (1997Zumbado, M.A.; Thompson, F.C. 1997. Nuevas species de Sterphus (Diptera: Syrphidae) de Costa Rica con notas sobre otras especies presentes en Costa Rica. Southwestern Entomologist, 22: 79-90.)
Sterphus (Crepidomyia)	Hippa and Thompson (1994Hippa, H.; Thompson, F.C. 1994. Revision of the Sterphus cybele species group (Diptera: Syrphidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 96: 483-495.) and Zumbado and Thompson (1997Zumbado, M.A.; Thompson, F.C. 1997. Nuevas species de Sterphus (Diptera: Syrphidae) de Costa Rica con notas sobre otras especies presentes en Costa Rica. Southwestern Entomologist, 22: 79-90.)

Genus	Reference
Microdontinae
Aristosyrphus (Aristosyrphus)	No available species key
Aristosyrphus (Eurypterosyrphus)	No available species key
Carreramyia	Reemer (2013Reemer, M. 2013. Taxonomic exploration of Neotropical Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) mimicking stingless bees. Zootaxa, 3697: 1-88.)
Ceratophya	Reemer (2013Reemer, M. 2013. Taxonomic exploration of Neotropical Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) mimicking stingless bees. Zootaxa, 3697: 1-88.)
Ceriomicrodon	Miranda (2014Miranda, G.F.G.; Marshall, S.A.; Skevington, J.H. 2014. Revision of the genus Pelecinobaccha Shannon, description of Relictanum gen. nov., and redescription of Atylobaccha flukiella (Curran, 1941) (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa, 3819: 1-154.)
Chrysidimyia	Reemer and Ståhls (2013Reemer, M.; Ståhls, G. 2013a. Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). Zookeys, 288: 1-213.a)
Domodon	Reemer and Ståhls (2013Reemer, M.; Ståhls, G. 2013a. Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). Zookeys, 288: 1-213.a) and Reemer (2014Reemer, M. 2014. A review of the Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 157: 27-57.) (no key, only original descriptions)
Hypselosyrphus	Reemer (2013Reemer, M. 2013. Taxonomic exploration of Neotropical Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) mimicking stingless bees. Zootaxa, 3697: 1-88.)
Laetodon	Doesburg (1966Doesburg, P.H.V. 1966. Syrphidae from Suriname. Additional records and descriptions. Studies on the fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas, 9: 61-67.) (as Microdon geijskesi)
Masarygus	Reemer and Ståhls (2013Reemer, M.; Ståhls, G. 2013a. Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). Zookeys, 288: 1-213.a) (see discussion about the genus and the description of M. palmipalpus)
Menidon	Thompson (2007bThompson, F.C. 2007b. Microdon falcatus Williston (Diptera: Syrphidae): A redescription, with lectotype designation and new synonyms. Entomological News, 118: 283-291.) and Reemer and Ståhls (2013Reemer, M.; Ståhls, G. 2013a. Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). Zookeys, 288: 1-213.a)
Microdon (Chymophila)	Curran (1941Curran, C.H. 1941. New American Syrphidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78: 243-304.)
Microdon (Microdon)	Curran (1941Curran, C.H. 1941. New American Syrphidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78: 243-304.)
Mixogaster	Carrera and Lenko (1958Carrera, M.; Lenko, K. 1958. Descrição de duas espécies novas de Mixogaster (Diptera, Syrphidae) e observações sôbre o inquilinismo de uma delas em ninhos de Iridomyrmex humilis, a "formiga argentina". Studia Entomologica, 1: 465-486.)
Peradon	Curran (1941Curran, C.H. 1941. New American Syrphidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78: 243-304.) (as Microdon)
Piruwa	Reemer and Ståhls (2013Reemer, M.; Ståhls, G. 2013a. Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). Zookeys, 288: 1-213.a)
Pseudomicrodon	Curran (1941Curran, C.H. 1941. New American Syrphidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78: 243-304.) (as Microdon)
Rhoga	Reemer (2012Reemer, M. 2012. Unravelling a hotchpotch: phylogeny and classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae). Tese de doutorado, Leiden University, Leida, Holanda do Sul, Holanda. 384 p.)
Rhopalosyrphus	Thompson (2012Thompson, F.C. 2012. Fabulous flower flies for famous fly fanatics (Diptera: Syrphidae). A tribute to the dipterists of the Canadian National Collection. Canadian Entomologist, 144: 1-16.)
Schizoceratomyia	Papavero (1962Papavero, N. 1962. Quatro novas species de Microdontinae do Brasil (Diptera, Syrphidae). Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 15: 317-326.) (as Masarygus)
Stipomorpha	Reemer (2013Reemer, M. 2013. Taxonomic exploration of Neotropical Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) mimicking stingless bees. Zootaxa, 3697: 1-88.)
Surimyia	Reemer (2008Reemer, M. 2008. Surimyia, a new genus of Microdontinae, with notes on Paragodon Thompson, 1969 (Diptera, Syrphidae). Zoölogische Mededelingen, 82: 177-188.)
Ubristes	Reemer (2013Reemer, M. 2013. Taxonomic exploration of Neotropical Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) mimicking stingless bees. Zootaxa, 3697: 1-88.)

Genus	Reference
Pipizinae
Trichopsomyia	Fluke (1937Fluke, C.L. 1937. New South American Syrphidae (Diptera). American Museum Novitates, 941: 1-14.)
Syrphinae
Allograpta	Fluke (1942Fluke, C.L. 1942. Revision of the neotropical Syrphini related to Syrphus (Diptera, Syrphidae). American Museum Novitates, 1201: 1-24.) and Thompson (1981Thompson, F.C. 1981. The flower flies of the West Indies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Memories of the Entomological Society of Washington, 9: 1200.)
Argentinomyia	Fluke (1945Fluke, C.L. 1945. The Melanostomini of the neotropical region. American Museum Novitates, 1272: 1-29.) (as Rhysops)
Atylobaccha	*Miranda et al.* (2014**Miranda, G.F.G.; Marshall, S.A.; Skevington, J.H. 2014. Revision of the genus Pelecinobaccha Shannon, description of Relictanum gen. nov., and redescription of Atylobaccha flukiella (Curran, 1941) (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa, 3819: 1-154.)
Calostigma	Hull (1949Hull, F.M. 1949. The genus Baccha from the New World. Entomologica Americana, 27: 89-285.)
Eosalpingogaster	Mengual and Thompson (2011Mengual, X.; Thompson, F.C. 2011. Carmine cochineal killers: the flower fly genus Eosalpingogaster Hull (Diptera: Syrphidae) revised. Systematic Entomology, 36: 713-731.)
Fazia	Fluke (1942Fluke, C.L. 1942. Revision of the neotropical Syrphini related to Syrphus (Diptera, Syrphidae). American Museum Novitates, 1201: 1-24.) (as Epistrophe)
Hermesomyia	Vockeroth (1969Vockeroth, J.R. 1969. A revision of the genera of the Syrphini (Diptera: Syrphidae). Memories of the Entomological Society of Canada, 62: 1-176.) and *Rotheray et al.* (2000**Rotheray, G.E.; Zumbado, M.; Hancock, E.G.; Thompson, F.C. 2000. Remarkable aquatic predators in the genus Ocyptamus (Diptera, Syrphidae). Studia Dipterologica, 7: 385-398.)
Hybobathus	Hull (1949Hull, F.M. 1949. The genus Baccha from the New World. Entomologica Americana, 27: 89-285.) (as Baccha) and Reemer (2010Reemer, M. 2010. A second survey of Surinam Syrphidae (Diptera): Introduction and Syrphinae. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 153: 163-196.) (as Ocyptamus)
Leucopodella	Thompson (1981Thompson, F.C. 1981. The flower flies of the West Indies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Memories of the Entomological Society of Washington, 9: 1200.) and Carvalho (2011Carvalho, A.H. 2011. Taxonomia do gênero neotropical Leucopodella Hull (Diptera: Syrphidae). Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná. 80 p.)
Mimocalla	Thompson and Zumbado (2000Thompson, F.C.; Zumbado, M.A. 2000. Flower flies of the subgenus Ocyptamus (Mimocalla Hull) (Diptera: Syrphidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102: 773-793.)
Ocyptamus	Hull (1949Hull, F.M. 1949. The genus Baccha from the New World. Entomologica Americana, 27: 89-285.) (as Baccha), Thompson (1981Thompson, F.C. 1981. The flower flies of the West Indies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Memories of the Entomological Society of Washington, 9: 1200.) and Reemer (2010Reemer, M. 2010. A second survey of Surinam Syrphidae (Diptera): Introduction and Syrphinae. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 153: 163-196.)
Orphnabaccha	There are no appropriate current keys that cover the region
Pelecinobaccha	*Miranda et al. (2014*Miranda, G.F.G.; Marshall, S.A.; Skevington, J.H. 2014. Revision of the genus Pelecinobaccha Shannon, description of Relictanum gen. nov., and redescription of Atylobaccha flukiella (Curran, 1941) (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa, 3819: 1-154.)
Pseudodoros	Kassebeer (2000Kassebeer, C.F. 2000. Zur gattung Pseudodoros Becker, 1903 (Diptera, Syrphidae). Dipteron, 3: 73-92.)
Relictanum	*Miranda et al. (2014*Miranda, G.F.G.; Marshall, S.A.; Skevington, J.H. 2014. Revision of the genus Pelecinobaccha Shannon, description of Relictanum gen. nov., and redescription of Atylobaccha flukiella (Curran, 1941) (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa, 3819: 1-154.)
Salpingogaster	Curran (1941Curran, C.H. 1941. New American Syrphidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78: 243-304.) and Thompson (1981Thompson, F.C. 1981. The flower flies of the West Indies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Memories of the Entomological Society of Washington, 9: 1200.)
Toxomerus	Thompson (1981Thompson, F.C. 1981. The flower flies of the West Indies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Memories of the Entomological Society of Washington, 9: 1200.), Borges and Couri (2009Borges, Z.M.; Couri, M.S. 2009. Revision of Toxomerus Macquart, 1855 (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Brazil with synonymic notes, identification key to the species and description of three new species. Zootaxa, 2179: 1-72.) and Mengual (2011Mengual, X. 2011. Black-tie dress code: two new species of the genus Toxomerus (Diptera, Syrphidae). Zookeys, 140: 1-26.)
Xanthandrus	Borges and Pamplona (2003Borges, Z.M.; Pamplona, D.M. 2003. Revision of the neotropical Xanthandrus Verral (Diptera, Syrphidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 47: 155-167.)

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[1] * Corresponding author: gilfgm@gmail.com.