Floral phenology, seed germination and hybrid plants of the Amerindian yam (<i>Dioscorea trifida</i>)

BEYERLEIN, Patrick; MENDES, Ângela M. S.; PEREIRA, Henrique S.

doi:10.1590/1809-4392201802992

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Agronomy and Forestry • Acta Amaz. 49 (3) • Jul-Sep 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201802992 copy

Floral phenology, seed germination and hybrid plants of the Amerindian yam (Dioscorea trifida)

Fenologia floral, germinação de sementes e plantas híbridas de variedades locais de cará (Dioscorea trifida)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The Amerindian yam (Dioscorea trifida) is a food plant native to the Amazon region. Several local varieties are cultivated by traditional family farmers for consumption and local trade. However, socioeconomic processes may be causing species genetic erosion. Knowledge about species sexual reproduction is essential for its conservation and genetic improvement. The objective of this study was to observe the floral phenology, to assess the germination and dormancy of seeds, to conduct controlled pollinations and to select hybrid plants of D. trifida with agronomic potential. Seed dormancy was confirmed and was broken by after-ripening at 28 ^oC and 80% RH. We carried out controlled pollinations between local landraces and cultivated the resulting hybrid plants in the field. The new genotypes showed high phenotypic variability and tubers with new characteristics, which permitted the selection of genotypes with agronomic potential for further studies. The results contribute to the conservation of agrobiodiversity and genetic improvement for added value of Amazonian native food plants.

Keywords:
Amazonia; Dioscoreaceae; native food plant; controlled pollination; crossbreeding

Landrace name	Code	Sex	Pulp color	Tuber shape
Branco redondo	Brd	Female	White solid	Round
Branco comprido I	BcpI	Female	White solid	Elongated
Ovo de cavalo	OC	Female	White solid	Oval
Pé de elefante	PE	Female	White solid	Paw-like
Branco casquinha roxa	Bcx	Female	White matrix with purple near skin	Oblong
Açai comprido	AÇcp	Male	Mixed purple matrix	Elongated
Roxo comum	Rx	Male	Purple solid	Round
Branco comprido II	BcpII	Male	White solid	Elongated

Storage time (days)	Germination (%)	Coefficient of variation
0 - 4	45.0 ± 11.90 (30 - 80)^a	52.90
15	87.5 ± 2.50 (80 - 90)^b	5.71
40	90.0 ± 5.77 (80 - 100)^b	12.83
72	92.5 ± 7.50 (70 - 100)^b	16.22
96	87.5 ± 4.79 (80 - 100)^b	10.94
120	90.0 ± 4.08 (80 - 100)^b	9.07
144	90.0 ± 4.08 (80 - 100)^b	9.07
184	92.5 ± 4.79 (80 - 100)^b	10.35
224	87.5 ± 4.79 (80 - 100)^b	10.94

Storage time (days)	Germination time (days)	Coefficient of variation
0 - 4	58.90 ± 4.90 (49.0 - 71.3)^a	16.63
15	53.78 ± 2.38 (46.8 - 57.5)^a	8.85
40	38.70 ± 3.94 (34.1 - 50.5)^b	20.38
72	28.98 ± 1.38 (24.9 - 30.9)^bc	9.53
96	28.55 ± 1.03 (25.7 - 30.6)^bc	7.20
120	33.00 ± 2.97 (28.4 - 41.1)^bc	18.00
144	27.70 ± 1.34 (24.9 - 31.1)^bc	9.68
184	25.83 ± 0.81 (24.1 - 28.0)^c	6.28
224	21.13 ± 0.55 (20.3 - 22.7)^c	5.25

Storage time (days)	Germination velocity index	Coefficient of variation
0 - 4	0.08 ± 0.02 (0.05 - 0.14)a	52.99
15	0.17 ± 0.01 (0.14 - 0.20)ab	12.54
40	0.25 ± 0.03 (0.17 - 0.31)bc	24.23
72	0.30 ± 0.01 (0.29 - 0.35)bcd	8.03
96	0.32 ± 0.02 (0.28 - 0.36)c	13.69
120	0.29 ± 0.03 (0.23 - 0.36)cd	20.85
144	0.34 ± 0.01 (0.32 - 0.38)d	8.74
184	0.37 ± 0.02 (0.33 - 0.41)e	9.86
224	0.43 ± 0.02 (0.40 - 0.46)e	7.84

Cross	Female	Male	F1	Tuber shape			Pulp color
Cross	Female	Male	F1	Oval	Elongated	Paw-like	Solid white	Solid purple	Mixed or segmented
1	Brd	AÇcp	20	+		+			+
2	BcpI	AÇcp	12	+	+	+			+
3	OC	AÇcp	8	+					+
4	Brd	Rx	7	+	+		+	+	+
5	Bcx	AÇcp	1						+
6	PE	AÇcp	6		+	+			+
7	Bcx	BcpII	1			+	+

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[1] *Corresponding author: hpereira@ufam.edu.br