Total mercury in wild felids occurring in protected areas in the central Brazilian Amazon

LOPES, Marcelly Castello Branco; CARVALHO, Gabriel Oliveira de; BERNARDO, Robson Roney; MACEDO, Joana; LINO, Adan Santos; RAMALHO, Emiliano Esterci; KASPER, Daniele; MEIRE, Rodrigo Ornellas; TORRES, João Paulo Machado; MALM, Olaf

doi:10.1590/1809-4392201903331

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Biodiversity and Conservation • Acta Amaz. 50 (2) • Apr-Jun 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201903331 copy

Total mercury in wild felids occurring in protected areas in the central Brazilian Amazon

Mercúrio total em felinos selvagens em áreas protegidas na Amazônia central brasileira

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This is the first study to investigate mercury (Hg) contamination in felid species in the Brazilian Amazon. We collected 26 fur samples from wild felids of four species (Puma concolor, Panthera onca, Leopardus pardalis and Leopardus wiedii) occurring in the Mamirauá and Amanã sustainable development reserves, in the state of Amazonas. Samples were from museum specimens, except for five P. onca samples collected from free-living individuals. Total Hg concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 48.1 µg g^-1. Concentrations of Hg did not differ significantly between museum specimens and live individuals of P. onca, but varied significantly among species, with significantly higher concentrations for P. onca and L. pardalis, which could be related to factors such as diet and habitat.

KEYWORDS:
conservation; mammals; bioaccumulation; fur; heavy metals

Species	N	Origin	Hg concentration (µg g^-1)	Reference
Leopardus pardalis	3	Texas	0.70 ± 0.56	*Mora et al.* 2000**Mora, M.A.; Laack, L.L.; Clare Lee, M.; Sericano, J.; Presley, R.; Gardinali, P.R.; et al. 2000. Environmental contaminants in blood, hair, and tissues of ocelots from the lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, 1986-1997. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 64: 477-492.
Puma concolor coryi ¹	16	Florida, USA	0.60 ± 0.38 (0.03 - 1.52)	*Newman et al.* 2004**Newman, J.; Zillioux, E.; Rich, E.; Liang, L.; Newman, C. 2004. Historical and other patterns of monomethyl and inorganic mercury in the Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 48: 75-80.
Puma concolor coryi ²	26	Florida, USA	1.62 ± 1.87 (0.11 - 6.68)	*Newman et al.* 2004**Newman, J.; Zillioux, E.; Rich, E.; Liang, L.; Newman, C. 2004. Historical and other patterns of monomethyl and inorganic mercury in the Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 48: 75-80.
Puma concolor ³	3	Brazilian Amazon, Mamirauá and Amanã RDS	1.64 ± 2.43 (0.12 - 4.40)	this study
Panthera onca ³	9		22.4 ± 18.8 (3.93 - 48.1)	this study
Panthera onca ⁴	5		21.2 ± 15.4 (3.00 - 38.3)	this study
Leopardus pardalis ³	8		24.5 ± 13.5 (7.65 - 38.6)	this study
Leopardus wiedii ³	1		0.53	this study

Species	Location	Date	Sex	Source	Hg (µg g)
Leopardus pardalis	Amanã	NA	NA	museum	9.14
Leopardus pardalis	Amanã	20 Jul 2010	NA	museum	38.1
Leopardus pardalis	Amanã	NA	NA	museum	31.1
Leopardus pardalis	Amanã	14 Jan 2007	female	museum	10.6
Leopardus pardalis	Amanã	28 Mar 2008	female	museum	24.6
Leopardus pardalis	Amanã	14 Jan 2007	NA	museum	36.1
Leopardus pardalis	Amanã	10 Mar 2007	NA	museum	38.6
Leopardus pardalis	Amanã	28 Feb 2008	NA	museum	7.65
Panthera onca	Mamirauá	24 Sep 2009	female	museum	5.63
Panthera onca	Mamirauá	11 May 2010	NA	living	35.1
Panthera onca	Mamirauá	16 Nov 2010	female	living	19.8
Panthera onca	Mamirauá	30 Nov 2010	female	living	3.00
Panthera onca	Mamirauá	3 Jul 2011	male	museum	48.1
Panthera onca	Mamirauá	1 Apr 2010	NA	living	38.3
Panthera onca (juvenile)	Mamirauá	16 Nov 2010	female	living	10.1
Panthera onca	Amanã	2011	female	museum	38.7
Panthera onca	Amanã	1 May 2011	female	museum	30.4
Panthera onca	NA	NA	NA	museum	47.1
Panthera onca	NA	NA	NA	museum	16.5
Panthera onca	NA	NA	NA	museum	5.87
Panthera onca	NA	NA	NA	museum	5.26
Panthera onca	NA	NA	NA	museum	3.93
Puma concolor	Amanã	NA	NA	museum	4.40
Puma concolor	Amanã	NA	NA	museum	0.39
Puma concolor	Amanã	NA	NA	museum	0.12
Leopardus wiedii	Amanã	NA	NA	museum	0.53

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E-mail: acta@inpa.gov.br

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[1] * Corresponding author: gabriell.goc@biof.ufrj.br