Psychosocial factors associated with adherence to
					treatment and quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS in
					Brazil

Calvetti, Prisla Ücker; Giovelli, Grazielly Rita Marques; Gauer, Gabriel José Chittó; Moraes, João Feliz Duarte de

doi:10.1590/0047-2085000000002

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Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria

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Original articles • J. bras. psiquiatr. 63 (1) • Jan-Mar 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000002 copy

Psychosocial factors associated with adherence to treatment and quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil

Fatores psicossociais associados para adesão ao tratamento e qualidade de vida de pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS no Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective:

The objective of this article was to investigate the biopsychosocial factors that influence adherence to treatment and the quality of life of individuals who have been successfully following the HIV/AIDS treatment.

Methods:

It is a cross-sectional study carried out with 120 HIV positive participants in the south of Brazil. Among the variables studied, of note are: perceived stress, social support, symptoms of anxiety and depression and quality of life.

Results:

The results show that a moderate to high adherence to the treatment paired with a strong sense of social support indicate a higher quality of life.

Conclusion:

The combination of social support and antiretroviral treatment have an impact on physical conditions, improving immune response and quality of life.

HIV; AIDS; adherence; social support; quality of life

Variables	%	f	Mean	Standard deviation
Anxiety levels (BAI)
Minimum	49.2	59
Light	26.7	32
Moderate	12.5	15
Severe	11.7	14
Total score			14.17	12.59
Depression levels (BDI)
Minimum	54.2	65
Light	15.0	18
Moderate	23.3	28
Severe	7.5	9
Total score			14.15	12.59
Perceived stress (PSS)
Raw score			22.14	11.05
Social support
Emotional – Factor 1			3.56	1.00
Instrumental – Factor 2			3.41	0.99
Degree of adherence to treatment (CEAT-VIH)
Low/Insufficient	4.2	5
Regular	47.5	57
Strict	48.3	58
Total score			75.78	10.28
Quality of life (WHOQOL-HIV BREF)
Domain 1 – Physical			11.61	2.00
Domain 2 – Psychological			13.50	2.40
Domain 3 – Level of independence			14.53	2.7
Domain 4 – Social relations			14.35	3.5
Domain 5 – Environment			14.04	2.66
Domain 6 – Spirituality/religion/personal beliefs			10.33	3.04
Global quality of life			14.65	3.67

Variables	CEAT VIH Total score
Variables	r	p
Anxiety levels (BAI)
Total score	-0.407	< 0.001
Depression levels (BDI)
Total score	-0.523	< 0.001
Perceived stress (PSS)
Total score	-0.416	< 0.001
Social support
Emotional – Factor 1	0.441	< 0.001
Instrumental – Factor 2	0.339	< 0.001
Quality of life (WHOQOL-HIV BREF)
Domain 1 – Physical	0.134	0.140
Domain 2 – Psychological	0.422	< 0.001
Domain 3 – Level of independence	0.403	< 0.001
Domain 4 – Social relations	0.492	< 0.001
Domain 5 – Environment	0.529	< 0.001
Domain 6 – Spirituality/religion/personal beliefs	-0.250	0.006
Global quality of life	0.483	< 0.001

Variables	Low and regular adherence (f)	Strict adherence (f)	Total (n = 120)	p
Gender
Male	30	31	61	0.579
Female	32	27	59
Level of education
Elementary school	33	21	54
High school	25	26	51	0.054
College	4	11	15
Employment status
Employed	24	27	51	0.427
Unemployed	37	31	68
Perceived health
Very bad orbad	9	2	11
Neither bad nor good	15	8	23	0.022
Good or very good	38	48	86
Social class
Low	26	7	33	< 0 .001
Middle	36	51	87
Perceived HIV stage
Asymptomatic	15	29	44	0.003
Symptomatic/AIDS	47	29	76

Variables	OR	CI 95%	p
Age	1.021	0.980-1.064	0.324
Anxiety levels (BAI)
Total score	0.962	0.932-0.994	0.018
Depression levels (BDI)
Total score	0.930	0.897-0.965	< 0.001
Perceived stress (PSS)
Total score	0.936	0.901-0.973	0.001
Social support
Emotional – Factor 1	1.969	1.312-2.953	0.001
Instrumental – Factor 2	1.749	1.176-2.602	0.006
Quality of life (WHOQOL-HIV bref)
Domain 1 – Physical	1.272	1.048-1.543	0.015
Domain 2 – Psychological	1.358	1.136-1.623	0.001
Domain 3 – Level of independence	1.260	1.084-1.464	0.003
Domain 4 – Social relations	1.228	1.090-1.385	0.001
Domain 5 – Environment	1.465	1.217-1.763	0.001
Domain 6 – Spirituality/religion/personal beliefs	0.938	0.832-1.058	0.299
Global quality of life	1.238	1.098-1.395	0.001

Variables	OR	CI 95%	p
Social class (1 = middle)	3.5250	1.229-10.080	0.019
Perceived HIV stage (1 = symptomatic)	0.346	0.138-0.871	0.024
Quality of life (WHOQOL-HIV bref)
Domain 1 – Physical	1.276	1.010-1.613	0.041
Domain 5 – Environment	1.415	1.158-1.728	0.001

Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Av. Venceslau Brás, 71 Fundos, 22295-140 Rio de Janeiro - RJ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 21) 3873-5510 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: editora@ipub.ufrj.br

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[1] Correspondence address to: Prisla Ücker Calvetti Centro Universitário La Salle (Unilasalle) Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, Centro 90210-000 – Canoas, RS, Brazil E-mail: prisla.calvetti@gmail.com