Figure 2
Comparisons of the clinical characteristics among the different phenotypes of HF; ? : presence of conflict between studies; CAD: coronary artery disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; HBP: high blood pressure (hypertension); AF: atrial fibrillation; HOSP: hospitalization; HOSP-HF: hospitalization for HF; DEATH: death from all causes; CV-DEATH: cardiovascular death; * Data for constructing the characteristics were taken from references;77 Kapoor JR, Kapoor R, Ju C, Heidenreich PA, Eapen ZJ, Hernandez AF, et al. Precipitating clinical factors, heart failure characterization, and outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure with reduced, borderline, and preserved ejection fraction. JACC Heart Fail. 2016;4(6):464-72.,2222 Bhambhani V, Kizer JR, Lima JA, van der Harst P, Bahrami H, Nayor M, et al. Predictors and outcomes of heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20(4):651-9.
23 Wang N, Hales S, Barin E, Tofler G. Characteristics and outcome for heart failure patients with mid-range ejection fraction. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown);19(6):297-303.
24 Savarese G, Orsini N, Hage C, Dahlström U, Vedin O, Rosano GM, et al. Associations with and prognostic and discriminatory role of n-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide in heart failure with preserved versus mid-range versus reduced ejection fraction. J Card Fail. 2018;24(6):365-74.
25 Lauritsen J, Gustafsson F, Abdulla J. Characteristics and long-term prognosis of patients with heart failure and mid-range ejection fraction compared with reduced and preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ESC Heart Fail. 2018;5(4):685-94.
26 Guisado-Espartero ME, Salamanca-Bautista P, Aramburu-Bodas Ó, Conde-Martel A, Arias-Jiménez JL, Llàcer-Iborra P, et al. Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction in patients admitted to internal medicine departments: Findings from the RICA Registry. Int J Cardiol. 2018 Mar;255:124-8.-2727 Lund LH, Claggett B, Liu J, Lam CS, Jhund PS, Rosano GM, et al. Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction in CHARM: characteristics, outcomes and effect of candesartan across the entire ejection fraction spectrum. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20(8):1230-9.,3232 Altaie S, Khalife W. The prognosis of mid-range ejection fraction heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ESC Heart Fail. 2018;5(6):1008-16. † Data taken from references;2727 Lund LH, Claggett B, Liu J, Lam CS, Jhund PS, Rosano GM, et al. Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction in CHARM: characteristics, outcomes and effect of candesartan across the entire ejection fraction spectrum. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20(8):1230-9.,3232 Altaie S, Khalife W. The prognosis of mid-range ejection fraction heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ESC Heart Fail. 2018;5(6):1008-16. ‡ Data taken from reference.3232 Altaie S, Khalife W. The prognosis of mid-range ejection fraction heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ESC Heart Fail. 2018;5(6):1008-16.