Looi et al.,99 Looi J-L, Wong C-W, Khan A, Webster M, Kerr AJ. Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Apical Ballooning Syndrome in Auckland, New Zealand. Hear Lung Circ. 2012;21(3):143-9.
|
Patients admitted to Middlemore Hospital, Auckland City Hospital and North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand. |
p < 0.05 |
7% (7/100) |
- Time between manifestations: recurrences occurred from 99 to 679 days after the first episode, being more frequent in the first year. - Triggering factor: 57% of patients with recurrence presented emotional stress as a trigger. - Clinical characteristics: recurrence in patients presenting ST elevation was not higher when compared to patients who did not present ST elevation (7.4 and 6.3%, respectively); p = 1.00. - Medications in use: 4 (57%) of the patients used BB on recurrence. |
Templin et al., 33 Templin C, Ghadri JR, Diekmann J, Napp LC, Bataiosu DR, Jaguszewski M, et al. Clinical Features and Outcomes of Takotsubo (Stress) Cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(10):929-38.
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Patients obtained through the Mayo Clinic database. Patients with ACS from Zurich Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry. |
p < 0.05 |
3.26% (57/1750) |
- Time between manifestations: recurrence occurred from 25 days to 9.2 years after the first episode. - Medications in use: 29 patients (50.8%) used BB during the second episode. |
Patel et al., 1010 Patel SM, Chokka RG, Prasad K, Prasad A. Distinctive Clinical Characteristics According to Age and Gender in Apical Ballooning Syndrome (Takotsubo/Stress Cardiomyopathy): An Analysis Focusing on Men and Young Women. J Card Fail. 2013;19(5):306-10.
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Patients obtained through the Mayo Clinic database. |
p < 0.05 for men versus women p < 0.25 for comparison with women ≥ 50 years of age (due to multiple comparisons) |
3.13% (7/224) |
- Gender: there were no recurrences in men and all 7 recurrences were in women (14.8%) - Age: recurrence in women aged < 50 years was more prevalent in relation to recurrence in women aged ≥ 50 years (16 and 3%, respectively; p = 0.017). |
Elesber et al., 1111 Elesber AA, Prasad A, Lennon RJ, Wright RS, Lerman A, Rihal CS. Four-Year Recurrence Rate and Prognosis of the Apical Ballooning Syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50(5):448-52.
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Patients diagnosed with TTS submitted to the Mayo Clinic catheterization center database. |
p < 0.05 |
11.4% (10/100) |
- Time between manifestations: 4.4±4.6 mean years between episodes, with a higher recurrence rate in the first 4 years compared to subsequent years (2.9 and 1.3% a year, respectively). - Medications in use: recurrence in patients in use X without use of: aspirin (60x67%), p = 0.67; ACEI/ARB (60x51%), p = 0.59; BB (80x52%), p = 0.10; Statins (40x33%), p = 0.67. |
Vriz et al.,1212 Vriz O, Driussi C, Fazio MG, Arteni F, Mos L, Pertoldi F, et al. Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Med. 2013;14(8):576-81.
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Patients at San Antonio Community Hospital (San Daniele del Friuli, Udine, Italy). |
p < 0.05 |
21.7% (5/23) |
- Age: more frequent in older patients. - Time between manifestations: recurrence occurred on an average of 105.4 ± 82.92 days after the first episode, being more frequent in the first 3 months. - Clinical characteristics: more frequent recurrence in patients with lower LVEF, lower SBP and higher troponin peak. - Medications in use: therapy with BB did not prevent recurrence. |
Nishida et al.,1313 Nishida J, Kouzu H, Hashimoto A, Fujito T, Kawamukai M, Mochizuki A, et al. "Ballooning" patterns in takotsubo cardiomyopathy reflect different clinical backgrounds and outcomes: a BOREAS-TCM study. Heart Vessels. 2015;30(6):789-97.
|
Patients from the BOREAS Registry database. |
p < 0.05 |
2.8% (7/251) |
-Clinical characteristics: low BMI, medium-ventricular hypercontractility and right ventricular involvement were both associated with a higher rate of recurrence of TTS (p = 0.048, 0.01, and 0.06, respectively). HRs of recurrence for BMI (per increase by 1 kg/cm2) and MVO were 0.75 (95% CI 0.54-0.99) and 14.71 (95% CI 1.87-304.66), respectively. |