Description of <i>Scoloplos maranhensis</i> sp. nov. (Orbiniidae, Annelida) from tropical Brazilian mangrove

Oliveira, Veronica M.; Cutrim, Allana S. T.; Vieira, Anna Karen M.; Ferreira, Camila N.; Almeida, Zafira S.; Nogueira Júnior, Miodeli

doi:10.1590/1678-4766e2019009

Veronica M. Oliveira

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Aquáticos e Pesca, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, 65055-970 São Luís, MA, Brasil. (oliveira.veronica@gmail.com)

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6224-3110

Allana S. T. Cutrim

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Aquáticos e Pesca, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, 65055-970 São Luís, MA, Brasil. (oliveira.veronica@gmail.com)

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6373-5202

Anna Karen M. Vieira

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Aquáticos e Pesca, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, 65055-970 São Luís, MA, Brasil. (oliveira.veronica@gmail.com)

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6328-6339

Camila N. Ferreira

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Aquáticos e Pesca, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, 65055-970 São Luís, MA, Brasil. (oliveira.veronica@gmail.com)

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2530-8020

Zafira S. Almeida

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Aquáticos e Pesca, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, 65055-970 São Luís, MA, Brasil. (oliveira.veronica@gmail.com)

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-5040

Miodeli Nogueira Júnior

Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-8312

Species	Prostomium shape	Number of thoracic segments	First segment with branchiae	Parapodial papillae	Notopodia		Neuropodia		Anal cirri	Reference
Species	Prostomium shape	Number of thoracic segments	First segment with branchiae	Parapodial papillae	Thorax chaetae	Abdomen chaetae	Thorax chaetae	Abdomen chaetae	Anal cirri	Reference
Scoloplos maranhensis sp. nov.	Conical, longer than wide	12	12	Absent	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries and furcate with unequal branches	Crenulated capillaries and hooks smooth	Capillary	Pair of cirriform anal cirri	This study
Scoloplos acmeceps Chamberlin, 1919Chamberlin, R. V. 1919. New polychaetous annelids from Laguna Beach, California. Pomona College Journal of Entomology and Zoology 11(1):1-23.		21-24	14	Absent	Camerated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries and furcate	Crenulated capillaries and hooks serrated	Capillaries	Two cirrifonn anal cirri	Uebelacker & Johnson, 1984Uebelacker, J. M. & Johnson, P. G. 1984. Taxonomic guide to the polychaetes of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Louisiana, Minerals Manegement Service, U.S Departement of Interior , p.1-38.
Scoloplos acutissimus Hartmann-Schröder, 1991Hartmann-Schröder, G. 1991. Die Polychaeten der subtropisch-tropischen bis tropischen Ostküste Australiens zwischen Maclean (New South Wales) und Gladstone (Queensland) sowie von Heron Island (Grosses Barrier-Riff) In: Hartmann-Schröder, G. & Hartmann, G. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Küsten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Teil 16. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut 88:17-71.	Sharply conical with drawn out tapering tip	14-20 (more commonly 17-19)	Penultimate thoracic chaetiger, usually chaetiger 16-18 (13 in small individuals)	Absent	Crenulate capillaries	Capillaries and furcate	with 3-4 Hooks and capillaries	thin capillaries and flail	Two long anal cirri	*Zhadan et al., 2015*Zhadan, A.; Stupnikova, A. & Neretina, T. 2015. Orbiniidae (Annelida: Errantia) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia with notes on orbiniid phylogeny. Zootaxa 4019 (1):773-801. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.27 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4019....
Scoloplos acutus (Verrill, 1873Verrill, A.E. 1873. XVIII. Report upon the invertebrate animals of Vineyard Sound and the adjacent waters, with an account of the physical characters of the region. Report on the condition of the sea fisheries of the south coast of New England [later becomes Reports of the United States Commissioner of Fisheries]. 1:295-778.)	Acutely pointed, with two rather indistinct red spots above	14-17	9-13	Unknown	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries; furcate with unequal branches	Crenulated capillaries; the with hooks with 15-25 teeth	Crenulated capillaries	Long and slender	Verril, 1873Verrill, A.E. 1873. XVIII. Report upon the invertebrate animals of Vineyard Sound and the adjacent waters, with an account of the physical characters of the region. Report on the condition of the sea fisheries of the south coast of New England [later becomes Reports of the United States Commissioner of Fisheries]. 1:295-778.; Jirkov, 2001
Scoloplos agrestis Nonato & Luna, 1970Nonato, E. F. & Luna, J. A. C. 1970. Anelídeos poliquetas do nordeste do Brasil. I - Poliquetas bentônicos da costa de Alagoas e Sergipe. Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico 19:57-130.	Long and acuminate	15	16 (1^st abdominal)	Absent	Long capillaries	Capillaries	Long acicular and capillaries	long capillaries	Unknown	Nonato & Luna, 1970Nonato, E. F. & Luna, J. A. C. 1970. Anelídeos poliquetas do nordeste do Brasil. I - Poliquetas bentônicos da costa de Alagoas e Sergipe. Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico 19:57-130.
Scoloplosarmiger (Müller, 1776)	Sharply pointed cone	12	10	Present	Capillaries	Capillaries	Capillaries and slender serrated hooks	Capillaries	Unknown	Uebelacker & Johnson, 1984Uebelacker, J. M. & Johnson, P. G. 1984. Taxonomic guide to the polychaetes of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Louisiana, Minerals Manegement Service, U.S Departement of Interior , p.1-38.
Scoloplos bathytatus Blake, 2017Blake, J. A. 2017. Polychaeta Orbiniidae from Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, the Abyssal Pacific Ocean, and off South America. Zootaxa 4218:1-145.	Elongated, pointed on anterior margin; no eyespots, with nuchal slits	11-12	9-10	Unknown	Crenulated capillaries with those of 2^nd-5^th segments unusually Long	Smooth capillaries and furcate	Hooks and crenulated capillaries;	2-3 aciculae	2 dorsolateral anal cirri	Blake, 2017Blake, J. A. 2017. Polychaeta Orbiniidae from Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, the Abyssal Pacific Ocean, and off South America. Zootaxa 4218:1-145.
Scoloplos brevithorax Eibye-Jacobsen, 2002Eibye-Jacobsen, D. 2002. The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the BIOSHELF Project, Andaman Sea, Thailand . Phuket Marine Biological Center, Special Publication 24:77-99.	Elongated triangular, distally very acute, about 1½ times as long as broad	15-17 (juveniles with as few as 13)	6	Absent	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries and furcated	Crenulated capillaries; with many	3 short anterior and 5 longer, posterior capillaries	Unknown	Eibye-Jacobsen, 2002Eibye-Jacobsen, D. 2002. The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the BIOSHELF Project, Andaman Sea, Thailand . Phuket Marine Biological Center, Special Publication 24:77-99.
Scoloploscapensis (Day, 1961Day, J. H. 1961. The polychaetes fauna of South Africa. part 6. Sedentary species dredged off Cape coasts with a few new records from the shore. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 44:463-560.)	Sharply pointed, longer than broad	9-17	15	Present	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries	Three rows of hooks serrate	Crenulated capillaries	Unknown	Day 1961Day, J. H. 1961. The polychaetes fauna of South Africa. part 6. Sedentary species dredged off Cape coasts with a few new records from the shore. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 44:463-560., 1973Day, J. H. 1973. New polychaeta from Beaufort, with a key to all species recorded from North Carolina. NOAA Technical Report Series National Marine Fisheries Service Circular 375:1-140.
Scoloplos chrysochaeta Wu, 1962Wu, B. L. 1962. New Species of Polychaete Worms of the Family Orbiniidae and Paraonidae from the Yellow Sea. Acta Zoologica Sinica 14:421-426.	Conical	16	18	Absent	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries	Hooks slender, serrated	Crenulated capillaries	Unknown	Wu, 1962Wu, B. L. 1962. New Species of Polychaete Worms of the Family Orbiniidae and Paraonidae from the Yellow Sea. Acta Zoologica Sinica 14:421-426.
Scoloplos cryptospinigerus Dean & Blake, 2015Dean, H. K. & Blake, J. A. 2015. The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of Pacific Costa Rica. Zootaxa 3956:183-198.	Sharply conical	15-17	16-18 (1^st abdominal chaetiger)	Absent	Camerated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries	Camerated capillaries, hooks serrate spines with a thin hood	Crenulated capillaries	Unknown	Dean & Blake, 2015Dean, H. K. & Blake, J. A. 2015. The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of Pacific Costa Rica. Zootaxa 3956:183-198.
Scoloplos dayi Hartmann-Schröder, 1980	Conical, acute	21-25	8	Present	Crenulated capillary chaetae	Crenulated capillary chaetae and furcate	Hooks smooth or serrated and crenulated capillary	flail chaetae	Two anal cirri	*Zhadan et al., 2015*Zhadan, A.; Stupnikova, A. & Neretina, T. 2015. Orbiniidae (Annelida: Errantia) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia with notes on orbiniid phylogeny. Zootaxa 4019 (1):773-801. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.27 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4019....
Scoloplos depoorteri Jeldes & Lefevre, 1959Jeldes, F. & Lefevere, S. 1959. Annélides polychètes non pélagiques. seconde note. polychètes sédentaires. Expédition Océanographique Belge dans les eaux côtières africaines de l’Atlantique Sud 4:1-40	Conical	16-17	Not observed	Absent	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries	Hooks serrated and crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries	Unknown	Jeldes & Lefevre, 1959Jeldes, F. & Lefevere, S. 1959. Annélides polychètes non pélagiques. seconde note. polychètes sédentaires. Expédition Océanographique Belge dans les eaux côtières africaines de l’Atlantique Sud 4:1-40
Scoloplos ehlersi Blake, 1985Blake, J. A. 1985. Polychaeta from the vicinity of deep-sea geothermal vents in the eastern Pacific. I: Euphrosinidae, Phyllodocidae, Hesionidae, Nereididae, Glyceridae, Dorvilleidae, Orbiniidae and Maldanidae. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 6:67-101.	Elongate	11	21	Absent	Dense fascicles of camerated capillaries	Slender camerated capillaries and 1-2 flail	Dense fascicles of heavy camerated capillaries and short	1-2 thin, smooth capillaries.	Camerated capillaries and short,	Blake, 1985Blake, J. A. 1985. Polychaeta from the vicinity of deep-sea geothermal vents in the eastern Pacific. I: Euphrosinidae, Phyllodocidae, Hesionidae, Nereididae, Glyceridae, Dorvilleidae, Orbiniidae and Maldanidae. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 6:67-101.
Scoloplos intermedius (Hartman, 1965Hartman, O. 1965. Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic areas. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation. 28:1-384.)	Short pointed cone	12-13	10-12	Only in the abdomen	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries and furcated	Crenulated capillaries; and serrate hooks with small hood	Crenulated capillaries	Unknown	Hartman, 1965Hartman, O. 1965. Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic areas. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation. 28:1-384.; Mackie, 1987Mackie, A. 1987. A review of species currently assigned to the genus Leitoscoloplos Day, 1977 (Polychaeta: Orbiniidae), with descriptions of species newly referred to Scoloplos Blainville, 1828. Sarsia 72:1-28.
Scoloplos juanfernandezensi Rozbaczylo, Díaz-Díaz & Cataldo, 2017Rozbaczylo, N.; Díaz-Díaz, O. & Cataldo, N. 2017. A new species of polychaete worm from Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile,Scoloplos juanfernandezensisn. sp. (Polychaeta: Orbiniidae). Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 45:203-208.	Sharply conical; without eyespots	16-18	20-28; Dichotomously branching from the 70-80^th chaetigers, resulting in up to 6 terminal filaments	Absent	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries	J-shaped row of curved serrated hooks with a thin hood open; 3-4 rows of crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries	two large ventral anal cirri	*Rozbaczylo et al., 2017*Rozbaczylo, N.; Díaz-Díaz, O. & Cataldo, N. 2017. A new species of polychaete worm from Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile,Scoloplos juanfernandezensisn. sp. (Polychaeta: Orbiniidae). Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 45:203-208.
Scoloplos marsupialis (Southern, 1921Southern, R. 1921. Polychaeta of the Chilka Lake and also of fresh and brackish waters in other parts of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 5:563-659.)	Short, conical, pointed	18-20	11-16	Present	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries, accompanied by 2-5 aciculae	Hooks crenulated capillaries; hooks	Weakly crenulated capillaries and 1-2 aciculae	Two cirrifonn anal long cirri	Southern, 1921Southern, R. 1921. Polychaeta of the Chilka Lake and also of fresh and brackish waters in other parts of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 5:563-659.; Mackie, 1991Mackie, A. S. Y. 1991. A new species of Scoloplos (Polychaeta: Orbiniidae) from Hong Kong and a comparison with closely related Scoloplos marsupialis Southern, 1921 from India. Asian Marine Biology 8:35-44
Scoloplosnormalis (Day, 1977)	Short, blunty conical	14-15	15-16 (1^st or 2^nd abdominal)	sometimes with a small papilla on 13^th chaetiger	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries and furcate	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries with 2-3 aciculae	Unknown	Day, 1977; Mackie, 1987Mackie, A. 1987. A review of species currently assigned to the genus Leitoscoloplos Day, 1977 (Polychaeta: Orbiniidae), with descriptions of species newly referred to Scoloplos Blainville, 1828. Sarsia 72:1-28.
Scoloplos pseudosimplex Eibye-Jacobsen, 2002Eibye-Jacobsen, D. 2002. The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the BIOSHELF Project, Andaman Sea, Thailand . Phuket Marine Biological Center, Special Publication 24:77-99.	Not acute, about 1½ times as long as broad, with a dorsal pair of diffuse light-brown spots near posterior border	15 (juveniles with as few as 11)	16, rarely 17	Absent	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries	Capillaries; hooks	Capillaries	Unknown	Eibye-Jacobsen 2002Eibye-Jacobsen, D. 2002. The Orbiniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the BIOSHELF Project, Andaman Sea, Thailand . Phuket Marine Biological Center, Special Publication 24:77-99.
Scoloplos robustus Rullier, 1964Rullier, F. 1964. Contribution à la faune des annélides polychètes du Cameroun. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire, Série A 26:1071-1102.	Conical	21	22	Absent	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries	Hooks serrated; and robust aciculae	Crenulated capillaries	Unknown	Rullier, 1964Rullier, F. 1964. Contribution à la faune des annélides polychètes du Cameroun. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire, Série A 26:1071-1102.
Scoloplos sagarensis Misra, 1999Misra, A. 1999. Polychaete [Fauna of West Bengal].In: Gosh, A. K. ed. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, Series 3. State Fauna Series, Fauna of West Bengal, part 10, Invertebrates, p. 125-225.	Conical, narrowly pointed	18-20	17-19	Absent	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries	rows of crenulate capillaries and 10-12 hooks	2-3 fine capillaries and 1-2 flail with crenulated.	Unknown	Misra, 1999Misra, A. 1999. Polychaete [Fauna of West Bengal].In: Gosh, A. K. ed. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, Series 3. State Fauna Series, Fauna of West Bengal, part 10, Invertebrates, p. 125-225.
Scoloplos similis Mackie, 1987Mackie, A. 1987. A review of species currently assigned to the genus Leitoscoloplos Day, 1977 (Polychaeta: Orbiniidae), with descriptions of species newly referred to Scoloplos Blainville, 1828. Sarsia 72:1-28.	Sharply pointed cone	15	12	Present	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries; serrated hooks	weakly crenulate capillaries	Unknown	Mackie, 1987Mackie, A. 1987. A review of species currently assigned to the genus Leitoscoloplos Day, 1977 (Polychaeta: Orbiniidae), with descriptions of species newly referred to Scoloplos Blainville, 1828. Sarsia 72:1-28.
Scoloplossimplex (Hutchings, 1974)	Conical, pointed	16-18	12	Absent	Capillaries	Capillaries and furcate	Capillaries and hooks serrated	Capillaries	Unknown	Hutchings, 1974 Bleidorn, C. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of Orbiniidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) based on molecular data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 144:59-73.
Scoloplos spinigerus Gallardo, 1968Gallardo, V. A. 1968(imprint 1967). Polychaeta from the Bay of Nha Trang, South Viet Nam. Naga Report 4(3):35-279.	Conical, pointed	16	17	Absent	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries and furcate	Crenulated capillaries and hooks smooth curved	Capillaries	Unknown	Gallardo, 1968Gallardo, V. A. 1968(imprint 1967). Polychaeta from the Bay of Nha Trang, South Viet Nam. Naga Report 4(3):35-279.
Scoloplos suroestense Blake, 2017Blake, J. A. 2017. Polychaeta Orbiniidae from Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, the Abyssal Pacific Ocean, and off South America. Zootaxa 4218:1-145.	Triangular, pointed anteriorly; 2 ciliated dorsolateral nuchal organs on posterior border	10-15	12-17 (1-2 abdominal segment)	Unknown	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries	Hooks and crenulated capillaries	2-3 straight pointed uncini; 3-4 capillaries	Absent	Blake, 2017Blake, J. A. 2017. Polychaeta Orbiniidae from Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, the Abyssal Pacific Ocean, and off South America. Zootaxa 4218:1-145.
Scoloplos texana Maciolek & Holland, 1978Maciolek, N. J. & Holland, J. S. 1978. Scoloplos texana. A new orbiniid polychaete from South Texas, with notes on the related species Scoloplos treadwelli Eisig. Contributions in Marine Science 21:161-169.	Bluntly triangular	11-20	2-4	Absent	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillary and furcate	Crenulated capillary and hooks serrated	Crenulated capillaries	Two cirrifonn anal cirri	Maciolek & Holland, 1978Maciolek, N. J. & Holland, J. S. 1978. Scoloplos texana. A new orbiniid polychaete from South Texas, with notes on the related species Scoloplos treadwelli Eisig. Contributions in Marine Science 21:161-169.
Scoloplos tumidus Mackie, 1991Mackie, A. S. Y. 1991. A new species of Scoloplos (Polychaeta: Orbiniidae) from Hong Kong and a comparison with closely related Scoloplos marsupialis Southern, 1921 from India. Asian Marine Biology 8:35-44	Short, sharply conical	16-20	8-9	Unknown	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries and furcate	Hooks with hoods, crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries and aciculae	Unknown	Mackie, 1991Mackie, A. S. Y. 1991. A new species of Scoloplos (Polychaeta: Orbiniidae) from Hong Kong and a comparison with closely related Scoloplos marsupialis Southern, 1921 from India. Asian Marine Biology 8:35-44
Scoloplostypicus (Eisig, 1914Eisig, H. 1914. Zur Systematik, Anatomie und Morphologie der Ariciiden nebst Beiträgen zur generellen Systematik. Mitteilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel 21(6):153-600.)	Pointed	18-21	15-16	Present in 1^st-7^th chaetigers	Numerous crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries and furcate	Hooks and crenulated capillaries	Aciculae, crenulated capillaries and flail serrated shafts	Unknown	Day, 1973Day, J. H. 1973. New polychaeta from Beaufort, with a key to all species recorded from North Carolina. NOAA Technical Report Series National Marine Fisheries Service Circular 375:1-140.
Scoloplos uschakovi Wu, 1962Wu, B. L. 1962. New Species of Polychaete Worms of the Family Orbiniidae and Paraonidae from the Yellow Sea. Acta Zoologica Sinica 14:421-426.	Conical	14-16	14-16	Present	Crenulated capillaries	Crenulated capillaries	Hooks	Crenulated capillaries	Unknown	Wu, 1962Wu, B. L. 1962. New Species of Polychaete Worms of the Family Orbiniidae and Paraonidae from the Yellow Sea. Acta Zoologica Sinica 14:421-426.
Scoloplos novaehollandiae (Kinberg, 1866Kinberg, J. G. H. 1866. Annulata nova. [Continuatio, Acad. propos. die 18 Aprilis 1866.]. Öfversigt af Königlich Vetenskapsakademiens förhandlingar, 3:97-103.)	Conical	19	8-9	Present in 10^th chaetiger	Unknown	Unknown	Hook hooded	Crenulated capillaries	Unknown	Kinberg, 1866Kinberg, J. G. H. 1866. Annulata nova. [Continuatio, Acad. propos. die 18 Aprilis 1866.]. Öfversigt af Königlich Vetenskapsakademiens förhandlingar, 3:97-103.

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Description of Scoloplos maranhensis sp. nov. (Orbiniidae, Annelida) from tropical Brazilian mangrove

Descrição de Scoloplos maranhensis sp. nov. (Orbiniidae, Annelida) do mangue tropical brasileiro

ABSTRACT