<i>Angiostrongylus</i> spp. in the Americas: geographical and chronological distribution of definitive hosts versus disease reports

Valente, Romina; Robles, Maria del Rosario; Navone, Graciela T; Diaz, Julia I

doi:10.1590/0074-02760170226

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Articles • Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 113 (3) • Mar 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760170226 copy

Angiostrongylus spp. in the Americas: geographical and chronological distribution of definitive hosts versus disease reports

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

BACKGROUND

Angiostrongyliasis is an infection caused by nematode worms of the genus Angiostrongylus. The adult worms inhabit the pulmonary arteries, heart, bronchioles of the lung, or mesenteric arteries of the caecum of definitive host. Of a total of 23 species of Angiostrongylus cited worldwide, only nine were registered in the American Continent. Two species, A. cantonensis and A. costaricensis, are considered zoonoses when the larvae accidentally parasitise man.

OBJECTIVES

In the present study, geographical and chronological distribution of definitive hosts of Angiostrongylus in the Americas is analysed in order to observe their relationship with disease reports. Moreover, the role of different definitive hosts as sentinels and dispersers of infective stages is discussed.

METHODS

The study area includes the Americas. First records of Angiostrongylus spp. in definitive or accidental hosts were compiled from the literature. Data were included in tables and figures and were matched to geographic information systems (GIS).

FINDINGS

Most geographical records of Angiostrongylus spp. both for definitive and accidental hosts belong to tropical areas, mainly equatorial zone. In relation to those species of human health importance, as A. cantonensis and A. costaricensis, most disease cases indicate a coincidence between the finding of definitive host and disease record. However, in some geographic site there are gaps between report of definitive host and disease record. In many areas, human populations have invaded natural environments and their socioeconomic conditions do not allow adequate medical care.

MAIN CONCLUSIONS

Consequently, many cases for angiostrongyliasis could have gone unreported or unrecognised throughout history and in the nowadays. Moreover, the population expansion and the climatic changes invite to make broader and more complete range of observation on the species that involve possible epidemiological risks. This paper integrates and shows the current distribution of Angiostrongylus species in America, being this information very relevant for establishing prevention, monitoring and contingency strategies in the region.

Key words:
American distribution; angiostrongyliasis; Angiostrongylus; disease reports

Nematode species	Reference in map	First record of adult parasite	Definitive host	First record disease	Accidental host	Geographical site	Literature consulted
Angiostrongylus cantonensis		1960	Rattus rattus	1960	Homo sapiens	Hawaii^* * the country capital coordinates were used since the localities were not provided. Registered as a: Neotoma floridanus.	Alicata (1991)Alicata JE. The discovery of Angiostrongylus cantonensis as a cause of human eosinophilic meningitis. Parasitol Today. 1991; 7(6): 151-3.
			Rattus norvegicus
	1	1977	R. norvergicus	1981	H. sapiens	Cuba^* * the country capital coordinates were used since the localities were not provided. Registered as a: Neotoma floridanus.	Aguiar et al. (1981)Aguiar PH, Morera P, Pascual JE. First record of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Cuba. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1981; 30(5): 963-5.
	2	1980	Sigmodon hispidus	1980	H. sapiens	Costa Rica^* * the country capital coordinates were used since the localities were not provided. Registered as a: Neotoma floridanus.	Núñez and Mirambell (1981)Núñez R, Mirambell F. Angiostrongilosis abdominal: un caso de conducta conservadora. Rev Med Hosp Nac Niños de Costa Rica. 1981; 16: 109-16.
			R. rattus
	3	1984	R. rattus R. norvegicus	1986	H. sapiens	Puerto Rico^* * the country capital coordinates were used since the localities were not provided. Registered as a: Neotoma floridanus.	Anderson et al. (1986)Anderson E, Gubler DJ, Sorenson K, Beddard J, Ash LR. First report of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Puerto Rico. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1986; 35(2): 319-22.
	4	1987	R. rattus	1990	Hylobates lyr	Bahamas, USA	Vargas et al. (1992)Vargas M, Gómez-Pérez J, Malek E. First record of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen 1935) (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae) in the Dominican Republic. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1992; 43(4): 253-5.
			R. norvegicus
	5	1988	R. norvergicus	1992	Alouatta caraya	Louisiana, USA	Campbell and Little (1988)Campbell BG, Little MD. The finding of Angiostrongylus cantonesis in rats in New Orleans. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1988; 38(3): 568-73., Cross (2004)Cross J. Angiostrongylus (Parastrongylus) cantonensis in the western hemisphere. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2004; 35(1): 107-11.
			Podomys floridanus^a		Lemur variegatus
			Didelphis virginiana		Cercophitecus
			R. norvergicus		talapon
			Varecia variegata		H. sapiens
	6	1992	R. rattus	1992	H. sapiens	Republica	Vargas et al. (1992)Vargas M, Gómez-Pérez J, Malek E. First record of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen 1935) (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae) in the Dominican Republic. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1992; 43(4): 253-5.
						Dominicana^* * the country capital coordinates were used since the localities were not provided. Registered as a: Neotoma floridanus.
	7	1994	R. rattus	1994	H. sapiens	Jamaica^* * the country capital coordinates were used since the localities were not provided. Registered as a: Neotoma floridanus.	Lindo et al. (2002)Lindo J, Waugh C, Hall J, Cunningham-Myrie C, Ashley D, Eberhard M. Enzootic Angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats and snails after outbreak of human eosinophilic meningitis in Jamaica. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002; 8(3): 324-6.
			R. norvegicus
	8	2002	R. rattus	-	-	Puerto Principe, Haiti	Raccurt et al. (2003)Raccurt C, Blaise J, Durette-Desset M. Présence d'Angiostrongylus cantonensis en Haiti. Trop Med Int Health. 2003; 8(5): 423-6.
			R. norvergicus
	9	2003	R. rattus	2003	H.lyr	Florida, USA	Cross (2004)Cross J. Angiostrongylus (Parastrongylus) cantonensis in the western hemisphere. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2004; 35(1): 107-11., Duffy et al. (2004)Duffy MS, Miller CL, Kinsella JM, Lahunta A. Parastrongylus cantonensis in a nonhuman primate, Florida. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004; 10(12): 2207-10.
			R. norvergicus
	10	2007	R. norvegicus	2007	H. sapiens	Espírito Santo, Brazil	Caldeira et al. (2007)Caldeira RL, Mendonça CLGF, Goveia CO, Lenzi HL, Graeff-Teixeira C, Lima WS, et al. First record of molluscs naturally infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935) (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae) in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2007; 102(7): 887-9.
	11	2008	R. norvergicus	2008	H. sapiens	Guayas, Ecuador	Martini-Robles and Dorta Contreras (2016)Martini-Robles L, Dorta Contreras AJ. Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Emergencia en América. Ecuador: Academia; 2016. p. 1-289.

	12	-	-	2009	H. sapiens	Pernambuco, Brazil	Lima et al. (2009)Lima A, Mesquita S, Santos S, Aquino E, Rosa L, Duarte F, et al. Alicata disease: neuroinfestation by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Arq Neuro-Psiquiatr. 2009; 67(4): 1093-6.
	13	2010	R. norvergicus	2007	H. sapiens	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	Simões et al. (2011)Simões RO, Souza JGR, Maldonado Jr A, Luque JL. Variation in the helminth community structure of three sympatric sigmodontine rodents from the coastal Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Helminthol. 2011; 85(2): 171-8.
							Morassutti et al. (2014)Morassutti AL, Thiengo SC, Fernandez M, Sawanyawisuth K, Graeff-Teixeira C. Eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis: an emergent disease in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2014; 109(4): 399-407.
	14		-	2010	H. sapiens	São Paulo, Brazil	Espírito Santo et al. (2013)Espírito Santo MC, Pinto PL, da Mota DJ, Gryschek RC. The first case of Angiostrongylus cantonensis eosinophilic meningitis diagnosed in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2013; 55(2): 129-32.
	15	2013	R. rattus	-	-	Pará, Brazil	Morassutti et al. (2014)Morassutti AL, Thiengo SC, Fernandez M, Sawanyawisuth K, Graeff-Teixeira C. Eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis: an emergent disease in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2014; 109(4): 399-407.
			R. norvergicus
	16	2013	R. norvergicus	2013	H. sapiens	Rio Grande do Sul,	Cognato et al. (2013)Cognato BB, Morassutti AL, da Silva AA, Graeff-Teixeira C. First report of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2013; 46(5): 664-5.
						Brazil	Morassutti et al. (2014)Morassutti AL, Thiengo SC, Fernandez M, Sawanyawisuth K, Graeff-Teixeira C. Eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis: an emergent disease in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2014; 109(4): 399-407.
	17	2013	R. rattus	2013	H. sapiens	Guadalupe	Dard et al. (2017)Dard C, Piloquet JE, Qvarnstrom Y, Fox LM, M'kada H, Hebert JC, et al. First evidence of angiostrongyliasis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Guadeloupe, lesser Antilles. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017; 96(3): 692-7.
			R. norvegicus

Nematode species	Reference in map	First record of adult parasite	Definitive host	First record disease	Accidental host	Geographical site	Literature consulted
Angiostrongylus costaricensis	1	1971	Rattus norvergicus	1971	Homo sapiens	Costa Rica^* * the exact locality were not provided. Registered as b: Hylobates syndactylus; c: Oryzomys fulvescens; d. Zygodontomys microtinus; e: Oryzomys caliginosus; f. Oryzomus ratticeps.	Morera and Cespedes (1971)Morera P, Céspedes R. Angiostrongylus costaricensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea), a new lungworm occurring in man in Costa Rica. Rev Biol Trop. 1971; 18(1-2): 173-85.
			Sigmodon hispidus				Monge et al. (1978)Monge E, Arroyo R, Solano E. A new definitive natural host of Angiostrongylus costaricensis (Morera and Céspedes 1971). J Parasitol. 1978; 64(1): 34.
			Rattus rattus				Alfaro-Alarcon et al. (2015)Alfaro-Alarcón A, Veneziano V, Galiero G, Cerrone A, Gutierrez N, Chinchilla A, et al. First report of a naturally patent infection of Angiostrongylus costaricensis in a dog. Vet Parasitol. 2015; 212(3-4): 431-4.
			Nasua narica
			Canis familiaris
	2	1971	S. hispidus	1971	Aotus	Florida, USA	Ubelaker and Hall (1979)Ubelaker JE, Hall NM. First report of Angiostrongylus costaricensis Morera and Céspedes, 1971 in the United States. J Parasitol. 1979; 65(2): 307.
			Didelphis virginiana		nancymaae
			Procyon lotor
			Symphalangus
			syndactylus^b
	3	1973	S. hispidus	1973	H. sapiens	Panama^* * the exact locality were not provided. Registered as b: Hylobates syndactylus; c: Oryzomys fulvescens; d. Zygodontomys microtinus; e: Oryzomys caliginosus; f. Oryzomus ratticeps.	Kaminsky (1996)Kaminsky RG. Situación actual de Angiostrongylus costaricensis y la infección en humanos y animales en las Américas. Rev Med Hondureña. 1996; 64(4): 139-47.
			R. rattus
			Liomys adspersus
			Oligoryzomys
			fulvescens^c
			Zygodontomys
			brevicauda^d
	4		-	1975	H. sapiens	São Paulo, Brazil	Zilliota Jr et al. (1975)Zilliota Jr A, Künzle JE, Fernandes LAR, Prates-Campo JC, Britto-Costa R. Angiostrongiliase: apresentação de um provável caso. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 1975; 17(5): 312-8.
	5		-	1980	H. sapiens	Brasilia, Brazil	Agostini et al. (1984)Agostini AA, Marcolan AM, Lisot JMC, Lisot JUF. Angiostrongilíase abdominal. Estudo anátomo-patológico de quatro casos observados no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1984; 79(4): 443-5.
	6		-	1982	H. sapiens	Paraná, Brazil	Ayala (1987)Ayala MAR. Angiostrongiloidíase abdominal. Seis casos observados no Paraná e em Santa Catarina, Brasil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1987; 82(1): 29-36.
	7	1979	S. hispidus	1994	H. sapiens	Texas, USA	Miller et al. (2006)Miller CL, Kinsella JM, Garner MM, Evans S, Gullett PA, Schmidt RE. Endemic infections of Parastrongylus (= Angiostrongylus) costaricensis in two species of nonhuman primates, accoons, and an opossum from Miami, Florida. J Parasitol. 2006; 92(2): 406-8.
	8	1981	S. hispidus	1981	H. sapiens	Colombia^* * the exact locality were not provided. Registered as b: Hylobates syndactylus; c: Oryzomys fulvescens; d. Zygodontomys microtinus; e: Oryzomys caliginosus; f. Oryzomus ratticeps.	Malek (1981)Malek E. Presence of Angiostrongylus costaricensis Morera and Cépedes, 1971 in Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1981; 30(1): 81-3.
			Melanomys
			caliginosus^e
	9	1982	Saguinus mystax	1982	-	Peru^* * the exact locality were not provided. Registered as b: Hylobates syndactylus; c: Oryzomys fulvescens; d. Zygodontomys microtinus; e: Oryzomys caliginosus; f. Oryzomus ratticeps.	Sly et al. (1982)Sly DL, Toft JD, Gardiner CH, London WT. Spontaneous occurrence of Angiostrongylus costaricensis in marmosets (Saguinus mystax). Lab Anim Sci. 1982; 32(3): 286-9.
	10		-	1982	H. sapiens	Tucumán, Argentina	Demo and Pessat (1986)Demo OJ, Pessat AO. Angiostrongyliasis abdominal. Primer caso humano encontrado en la Argentina. Prensa Med Arg. 1986; 73(17): 732-8.
	11	1983	R. rattus	1983	H. sapiens	Ecuador^* * the exact locality were not provided. Registered as b: Hylobates syndactylus; c: Oryzomys fulvescens; d. Zygodontomys microtinus; e: Oryzomys caliginosus; f. Oryzomus ratticeps.	Kaminsky (1996)Kaminsky RG. Situación actual de Angiostrongylus costaricensis y la infección en humanos y animales en las Américas. Rev Med Hondureña. 1996; 64(4): 139-47.
			R. norvergicus
	12	1985	Proechimys sp.	1985	H. sapiens	Venezuela^* * the exact locality were not provided. Registered as b: Hylobates syndactylus; c: Oryzomys fulvescens; d. Zygodontomys microtinus; e: Oryzomys caliginosus; f. Oryzomus ratticeps.	Kaminsky (1996)Kaminsky RG. Situación actual de Angiostrongylus costaricensis y la infección en humanos y animales en las Américas. Rev Med Hondureña. 1996; 64(4): 139-47.
	13	1990	0. nigripes	1983	H. sapiens	Rio Grande do Sul,	Agostini et al. (1984)Agostini AA, Marcolan AM, Lisot JMC, Lisot JUF. Angiostrongilíase abdominal. Estudo anátomo-patológico de quatro casos observados no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1984; 79(4): 443-5.
			Sooretamys angouya^f			Brazil	Graeff-Teixeira et al. (1990)Graeff-Teixeira C, Ávila-Pires FD, Machado RCC, Camillo-Coura L, Lenzi HL. Identificação de roedores silvestres como hospedeiros do Angiostrongylus costaricensis no sul do Brasil. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 1990; 32(3): 147-50.
	14		-	1987	H. sapiens	Santa Catarina, Brazil	Ayala (1987)Ayala MAR. Angiostrongiloidíase abdominal. Seis casos observados no Paraná e em Santa Catarina, Brasil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1987; 82(1): 29-36.
	15		-	1991	H. sapiens	Minas Gerais, Brazil	Rocha et al. (1991)Rocha A, Sobrinho JM, Salomão EC. Angiostrongilíase abdominal. Primeiro relato de caso autóctone de Minas Gerais. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1991; 24(4): 265-8.
Angiostrongylus costaricensis	16	1991	S. hispidus	1991	H. sapiens	Nicaragua^* * the exact locality were not provided. Registered as b: Hylobates syndactylus; c: Oryzomys fulvescens; d. Zygodontomys microtinus; e: Oryzomys caliginosus; f. Oryzomus ratticeps.	Duarte et al. (1991)Duarte Z, Moreira P, Vuong P. Abdominal angiostrongyliasis in Nicaragua: a clinico-pathological study on a series of twelve case reports. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp. 1991; 66(6): 259-62.
Angiostrongylus costaricensis	17	1992	S. hispidus	1992	H. sapiens	El Salvador^* * the exact locality were not provided. Registered as b: Hylobates syndactylus; c: Oryzomys fulvescens; d. Zygodontomys microtinus; e: Oryzomys caliginosus; f. Oryzomus ratticeps.	Kaminsky (1996)Kaminsky RG. Situación actual de Angiostrongylus costaricensis y la infección en humanos y animales en las Américas. Rev Med Hondureña. 1996; 64(4): 139-47.
	18	1992	R. rattus	1992	H. sapiens	Republica Dominicana^* * the exact locality were not provided. Registered as b: Hylobates syndactylus; c: Oryzomys fulvescens; d. Zygodontomys microtinus; e: Oryzomys caliginosus; f. Oryzomus ratticeps.	Maldonado Jr et al. (2012)Maldonado Jr A, Simões R, Thiengo SC. Angiostrongyliasis in the Americas. In: J Lorenzo-Morales, editor. Zoonosis. Rijeka: In-Tech; 2012. p. 303-20.
			R. norvergicus
	19	1992	R. rattus	1992	H. sapiens	Puerto Rico^* * the exact locality were not provided. Registered as b: Hylobates syndactylus; c: Oryzomys fulvescens; d. Zygodontomys microtinus; e: Oryzomys caliginosus; f. Oryzomus ratticeps.	Maldonado Jr et al. (2012)Maldonado Jr A, Simões R, Thiengo SC. Angiostrongyliasis in the Americas. In: J Lorenzo-Morales, editor. Zoonosis. Rijeka: In-Tech; 2012. p. 303-20.
			R. norvegicus
	20	1992	R. rattus	1992	H. sapiens	Guadalupe^* * the exact locality were not provided. Registered as b: Hylobates syndactylus; c: Oryzomys fulvescens; d. Zygodontomys microtinus; e: Oryzomys caliginosus; f. Oryzomus ratticeps.	Kaminsky (1996)Kaminsky RG. Situación actual de Angiostrongylus costaricensis y la infección en humanos y animales en las Américas. Rev Med Hondureña. 1996; 64(4): 139-47.
			R. norvergicus
	21	1994	S. hispidus	1994	H. sapiens	Guatemala^* * the exact locality were not provided. Registered as b: Hylobates syndactylus; c: Oryzomys fulvescens; d. Zygodontomys microtinus; e: Oryzomys caliginosus; f. Oryzomus ratticeps.	Kaminsky (1996)Kaminsky RG. Situación actual de Angiostrongylus costaricensis y la infección en humanos y animales en las Américas. Rev Med Hondureña. 1996; 64(4): 139-47.
	22		-	1995	H. sapiens	Espírito Santo, Brazil	Pena et al. (1995)Pena GPM, Andrade Filho JS, Assis SC. Angiostrongylus costaricensis: First record of its occurrence in the state of Espiritu Santo, Brazil, and a review of its geographic distribution. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 1995; 37(4): 369-74.
	23	1996	S. hispidus Peromyscus spp.	1972	H. sapiens	Valle de Yegüare, Honduras	Zuñiga et al. (1983)Zuñiga S, Cardona V, Alvarado D. Angiostrongilosis abdominal. Rev Med Hondur. 1983; 51: 184-92. Kaminsky (1996)Kaminsky RG. Situación actual de Angiostrongylus costaricensis y la infección en humanos y animales en las Américas. Rev Med Hondureña. 1996; 64(4): 139-47.
			Mus musculus
	24	2008	Akodon montensis	-	-	Misiones, Argentina	Robles et al. (2016)Robles MR, Kinsella JM, Galliari C, Navone GT. New host, geographic records, and histopathologic studies of Angiostrongylus spp (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae) in rodents from Argentina with updated summary of records from rodent hosts and host specificity assessment. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2016; 111(3): 181-91.

Nematode species	Reference in map	First record of adult parasite	Definitive host	Geographical site	Literature consulted
Angiostrongylus vasorum	1	1961	Canis familiaris	Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil	Duarte et al. (2007)Duarte FH, Vieira FM, Louzada GL, Bessa EC, Souzalima S. Occurrence Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet, 1866) (Nematoda, Angiostrongylidae) in Cerdocyon thous Linnaeus, 1766 (Carnivora, Canidae) in Minas Gerais state Brasil. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 2007; 59(4): 1086-8.
	2	1962	C. familiaris	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	Duarte et al. (2007)Duarte FH, Vieira FM, Louzada GL, Bessa EC, Souzalima S. Occurrence Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet, 1866) (Nematoda, Angiostrongylidae) in Cerdocyon thous Linnaeus, 1766 (Carnivora, Canidae) in Minas Gerais state Brasil. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 2007; 59(4): 1086-8.
			Cerdocyon thous
	3	1985	C. familiaris	Paraná, Brazil	Duarte et al. (2007)Duarte FH, Vieira FM, Louzada GL, Bessa EC, Souzalima S. Occurrence Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet, 1866) (Nematoda, Angiostrongylidae) in Cerdocyon thous Linnaeus, 1766 (Carnivora, Canidae) in Minas Gerais state Brasil. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 2007; 59(4): 1086-8.
	4	1985	C. familiaris	Minas Gerais, Brazil	Duarte et al. (2007)Duarte FH, Vieira FM, Louzada GL, Bessa EC, Souzalima S. Occurrence Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet, 1866) (Nematoda, Angiostrongylidae) in Cerdocyon thous Linnaeus, 1766 (Carnivora, Canidae) in Minas Gerais state Brasil. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 2007; 59(4): 1086-8.
			Dusicyon vetulus
	5	2000	Vulpes vulpes	Newfoundland, Canadá	Jeffery et al. (2004)Jeffery RA, Lankester MW, McGrath MJ, Whitney HG. Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Newfoundland, Canada. Can J Zool. 2004; 82(1): 66-74.
			C. familiaris
Angiostrongylus raillieti	6	1927	Cerdocyon thous azarae	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	Vieira et al. (2013)Vieira FM, Muniz-Pereira LC, Lima SS, Moraes Neto AH, Guimãraes EV, Luque JL. A new metastrongyloidean species (Nematoda) parasitizing pulmonary arteries of Puma (Herpailurus) yagouaroundi (É. Geoffroy, 1803) (Carnivora: Felidae) from Brazil. J Parasitol. 2013; 99(2): 327-31.
			C. familiaris
			Nasua nasua
Angiostrongylus gubernaculatus	7	1971	Taxidea taxus	California, USA	Faulkner et al. (2001)Faulkner CT, Patton S, Munson L, Johnson EM, Coonan TJ. Angiocaulus gubernaculatus in the Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis) from the California Channel Islands and comments on the diagnosis of Angiostrongylidae nematodes in canid and mustelid hosts. J Parasitol. 2001; 87(5): 1174-6.
			Urocyon littoralis
Angiostrongylus schmidti	8	1971	Oryzomys palustris	Florida, USA	Kinsella (1971)Kinsella JM. Angiostrongylus schmidti sp. n. (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) from the rice rat, Oryzomys palustris, in Florida, with a key to the species of Angiostrongylus Kamensky, 1905. J Parasitol. 1971; 57(3): 494-7.
Angiostrongylus morerai	9	2008	Akodon azarae	Buenos Aires, Argentina	Robles et al. (2008)Robles MR, Navone GT, Kinsella JM. A new angiostrongylid (Nematoda) species from the pulmonary arteries of Akodon azarae (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in Argentina. J Parasitol. 2008; 94(2): 515-9. Robles et al. (2016)Robles MR, Kinsella JM, Galliari C, Navone GT. New host, geographic records, and histopathologic studies of Angiostrongylus spp (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae) in rodents from Argentina with updated summary of records from rodent hosts and host specificity assessment. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2016; 111(3): 181-91.
			Akodon dolores
			Deltamys kempi
	10	2016	Necromys lasiurus liciae	Formosa, Argentina	Robles et al. (2016)Robles MR, Kinsella JM, Galliari C, Navone GT. New host, geographic records, and histopathologic studies of Angiostrongylus spp (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae) in rodents from Argentina with updated summary of records from rodent hosts and host specificity assessment. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2016; 111(3): 181-91.
			Calomys callosus
			Akodon azarae bibianae
	11	2016	Akodon montensis Sooretamys angouya	Misiones, Argentina	Robles et al. (2016)Robles MR, Kinsella JM, Galliari C, Navone GT. New host, geographic records, and histopathologic studies of Angiostrongylus spp (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae) in rodents from Argentina with updated summary of records from rodent hosts and host specificity assessment. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2016; 111(3): 181-91.
Angiostrongylus lenzii	12	2009	Akodon montensis	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	Souza et al. (2009)Souza JG, Simoés RO, Thiengo SC, Lima WS, Mota EM, Rodrigues-Silva R. A new metastrongylid species (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae): a lungworm from Akodon montensis (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) in Brazil. J Parasitol. 2009; 95(6): 1507-11.
Angiostrongylus felineus	13	2013	Puma yagouaroundi	Minas Gerais, Brazil	Vieira et al. (2013)Vieira FM, Muniz-Pereira LC, Lima SS, Moraes Neto AH, Guimãraes EV, Luque JL. A new metastrongyloidean species (Nematoda) parasitizing pulmonary arteries of Puma (Herpailurus) yagouaroundi (É. Geoffroy, 1803) (Carnivora: Felidae) from Brazil. J Parasitol. 2013; 99(2): 327-31.

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[1] + Corresponding author: romina_valente81@hotmail.com