Social connection in organizations: the effects of local ties on job engagement and performance

Maciel, Cristiano de Oliveira; Camargo, Camila

doi:10.1016/j.rausp.2016.07.005

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Human resources and organizations • Rev. Adm. (São Paulo) 51 (4) • Oct/Dec 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rausp.2016.07.005 copy

Social connection in organizations: the effects of local ties on job engagement and performance

Conexão social nas organizações: efeitos dos laços locais no engajamento e no desempenho no trabalho

Conexión social en las organizaciones: efectos de los vínculos locales relativos al intra organizacionales y rendimiento en el trabajo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study examines the effect of local ties of organizational actors on their degree of job engagement and performance. The study carried out a survey with 249 respondents and analyzed the effect of local ties (i.e., ties of the ego) through degrees of intra-organizational social connections. Engagement was measured in physical, cognitive, and emotional dimensions. Performance was represented by the degree of achievement in tasks. The results show that only cognitive engagement and performance are influenced by degrees of intra-organizational social connection. These results are explored in the conclusions of the article.

Keywords:
Social connection; Engagement; Performance

Description of manifest variables and reliability of latent variables	Loading
Emotional engagement (AVE = 0.65; Composite Reliability = 0.91; α = 0.91)
I am enthusiastic in my job	0.760^* ***** p < 0.01.
I feel energetic at my job	0.858^* ***** p < 0.01.
I am interested in my job	0.826^* ***** p < 0.01.
I am proud of my job	0.748^* ***** p < 0.01.
I feel positive about my job	0.805^* ***** p < 0.01.
I am excited about my job	0.822^* * Significance not calculated (parameter at 1). (I) inverted indicator. a: Cronbach's alpha (Reference = 0.60). AVE: (Reference = 0.50).

Physical engagement (AVE = 0.78; Composite Reliability = 0.95; α = 0.95)
I work with intensity on my job	0.838^* ***** p < 0.01.
I exert my full effort to my job	0.835^* ***** p < 0.01.
I devote a lot of energy to my job	0.906^* ***** p < 0.01.
I try my hardest to perform well on my job	0.919^* ***** p < 0.01.
I strive as hard as I can to complete my job	0.863^* ***** p < 0.01.
I exert a lot of energy on my job	0.918^* * Significance not calculated (parameter at 1). (I) inverted indicator. a: Cronbach's alpha (Reference = 0.60). AVE: (Reference = 0.50).

Cognitive engagement (AVE = 0.68; Composite Reliability = 0.92; α = 0.92)
At work, my mind is focused on my job	0.809^* ***** p < 0.01.
At work, I pay a lot of attention to my job	0.780^* ***** p < 0.01.
At work, I focus a great deal of attention on my job	0.886^* ***** p < 0.01.
At work, I am absorbed by my job	0.771^* ***** p < 0.01.
At work, I concentrate on my job	0.866^* ***** p < 0.01.
At work, I devote a lot of attention to my job	0.817^* * Significance not calculated (parameter at 1). (I) inverted indicator. a: Cronbach's alpha (Reference = 0.60). AVE: (Reference = 0.50).

Satisfaction (AVE = 0.72; Composite Reliability = 0.92; α = 0.92)
I feel fairly satisfied with my present job	0.815^* * Significance not calculated (parameter at 1). (I) inverted indicator. a: Cronbach's alpha (Reference = 0.60). AVE: (Reference = 0.50).
Most days I am enthusiastic about my work	0.886^* ***** p < 0.01.
Each day at work seems like it will never end	0.860^* ***** p < 0.01.
I find real enjoyment in my work	0.836^* ***** p < 0.01.
I consider my job to be rather unpleasant	0.844^* ***** p < 0.01.

Performance (AVE = 0.65; Composite Reliability = 0.93; a = 0.92)
I perform my duties properly at work	0.770^* * Significance not calculated (parameter at 1). (I) inverted indicator. a: Cronbach's alpha (Reference = 0.60). AVE: (Reference = 0.50).
I meet the responsibilities that are specific to my work activities	0.790^* ***** p < 0.01.
I complete the tasks that are expected of me	0.835^* ***** p < 0.01.
I met the demands of my work	0.889^* ***** p < 0.01.
I prioritize the activities that directly affect the evaluation of my work	0.834^* ***** p < 0.01.
I take care of my mandatory work activities (I)	0.640^* ***** p < 0.01.
I have failed to perform essential duties at my job (I)	0.751^* ***** p < 0.01.

Intra-organizational social connection (AVE = 0.68; Composite Reliability = 0.89; α = 0.89)
My contacts at work make me feel that I am part of the organization	0.828^* * Significance not calculated (parameter at 1). (I) inverted indicator. a: Cronbach's alpha (Reference = 0.60). AVE: (Reference = 0.50).
My contacts at work make me feel included in the organization	0.884^* ***** p < 0.01.
My contacts at work make me feel that I am part of an integrated group	0.862^* ***** p < 0.01.
My contacts at work make me feel like I am at home	0.714^* ***** p < 0.01.

	x	s	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1. Age	31.00	9.77	1.00^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).
2. Time at company	4.72	6.07	0.63^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	1.00^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).
3. Satisfaction	7.70	1.73	0.25^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.25^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	1.00^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).
4. Intra-org social connection	7.49	1.33	0.18^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.19^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.53^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	1.00^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).
5. Physical engagement	4.26	2.45	0.00	0.06	-0.09	0.08	1.00^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).
6. Cognitive engagement	7.78	1.44	0.08	0.06	0.44^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.67^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.15^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	1.00^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).
7. Emotional engagement	7.11	1.34	0.28^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.23^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.78^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.51^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.07	0.47^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	1.00^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).
8. Performance	7.27	1.20	0.10	0.16^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.55^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.67^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.06	0.65^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.52^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).

	Physical engagement		Cognitive engagement		Emotional engagement		Performance
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6	Model 7	Model 8
Control variables
Sex	0.15^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.15^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	-0.04	-0.02	-0.10^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	-0.10^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.02	0.04
Age (Log)	0.07	0.08	0.11	0.04	0.13^* * p < 0.10 (two-tailed).	0.12^* * p < 0.10 (two-tailed).	0.01	-0.05
Marital status	0.07	0.08	-0.04	-0.00	0.05	0.05	-0.06	-0.03
Education	-0.41^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	-0.41^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	-0.05	-0.02	-0.02	-0.02	0.01	0.03
Position (operational)	0.21^* * p < 0.10 (two-tailed).	0.22^* * p < 0.10 (two-tailed).	0.18	0.09	0.19^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.18^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.25^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.17^* * p < 0.10 (two-tailed).
Position (supervision)	0.05	0.05	-0.18^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	-0.12	0.11^* * p < 0.10 (two-tailed).	0.12^* * p < 0.10 (two-tailed).	0.02	0.07
Time at company tenure (Log)	0.11	0.12	-0.04	-0.06	0.00	-0.00	0.07	0.04
Satisfaction	-0.08	-0.06	0.50^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.16^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.77^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.74^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.62^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.30^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).

Main effect variable
Intra-org. social connection		-0.03		0.55^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).		0.06		0.51^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).
F	9.94^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	8.81^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	9.76^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	19.15^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	39.67^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	35.43^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	13.33^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	22.50^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).
R ²	0.29	0.29	0.28	0.47	0.62	0.62	0.35	0.51
Adjusted R²	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.45	0.60	0.60	0.33	0.49

Departamento de Administração da Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade da Universidade de São Paulo Avenida Professor Luciano Gualberto, 908, sala F184, 05508-900 São Paulo / SP Brasil, Tel./Fax 55 11 3818-4002 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rausp@usp.br

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:crmaciel.adm@gmail.com (C.O. Maciel).