Ushinohama et al., 2016(17)
|
// |
1 |
20 minutes |
Systemic needles (0.15x30mm – Dong Bang) |
20 minutes |
// |
Shenmen Pain relief Lumbar pain |
// |
// |
Yeh et al., 2015(18)
|
Chinese |
4 |
4 weeks |
Vaccariae seeds |
5 days |
Manual (orientation: press the seeds 3x/day for 3 min each time, even without symptoms). |
Shenmen Sympathetic Nerve Subcortex Points inside two regions for lumbar pain |
Bilateral |
According to the map of Chinese standard acupoints. |
Eberhardt et al., 2015(30)
|
Brazilian (Marcelo Pereira de Souza) |
1 |
7 days |
Semi-permanent needles (1.5mm in length) |
7 days |
Without stimulus (orientation: do not stimulate the needles). |
Shenmen Kidney Sympathetic Pain relief Muscle relaxation Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae |
// |
According to Marcelo Pereira de Souza. |
Silva et al., 2015(27)
|
French (Nogier’s method) |
1 |
30 minutes |
Sterile acupuncture needles (0.25x3mm – Suzhou Huanqiu Acupuncture Medical Appliance Co, Ltd.) |
30 minutes |
// |
Scapular waist Shoulder |
// |
According to Nogier’s method. |
Yeh et al., 2014(19)
|
Chinese |
4 |
4 weeks |
Non-specific seeds (2 mm diameter) |
5 days |
Manual (orientation: press the seeds 3x/day for 3 min each time. And for 3 min always when experiencing pain). |
Shenmen Sympathetic Nerve Subcortex Active points corresponding to chronic lumbar pain |
Bilateral |
Electric detector of acupoints. |
Vas et al., 2014(31)
|
Chinese |
8 |
8 weeks |
Vaccariae seeds |
7 days |
Manual (orientation: perform 10 pressures with the finger in each point 3x/day). |
Shenmen Thalamus Points were added according to sensibility in auricular zones |
Unilateral (Ear alternation, starting at the most sensitive ear) |
According to Chinese mapping / Pressure detector of 250 g. |
Marignan, 2014(20)
|
// |
// |
// |
Electrical Stimulator |
// |
Electric (30 s in each point). |
Spinal cord Cerebellar peduncles Cerebellar formation Vestibular nuclei |
Uni- or bilateral (in case of pain in one or both ears) |
Electric detector of acupoints. |
Yeh et al., 2013(21)
|
Chinese |
4 |
4 weeks |
Vaccariae seeds |
5 days |
Manual (orientation: press the seeds 3x/day for 3 min each time. And for 3 min always when experiencing pain). |
Shenmen Sympathetic Nerve Sub-cortex Acupuncture points corresponding to lower part of the back. |
// |
Electric detector of acupoints. |
Hunter et al., 2012(22)
|
// |
6 |
6 weeks |
Conventional auricular needles (1.80x0.26 mm – Seirin Pyonex, Japan) |
2 days |
Manual (orientation: to record the rate of manual stimulation of needles during 48 hours treatment period in a weekly logbook during the intervention phase). |
Shenmen Lumbar spine Cushion
|
// |
// |
Zhangxiu et al., 2011(23)
|
Chinese |
4 |
2 weeks |
Patches of Vaccariae seeds |
// |
Manual (orientation: press the patches 3x/day, 3-5 minutes each time). |
Shenmen Kidney Ashi Points Lumbosacral vertebrae Liver Sub-cortex |
Unilateral (Ear alternation) |
According to the MTC* holistic concept, and guided by the theories of Zang-Fu and the meridians. |
Suen, Wong, 2008(24)
|
Chinese |
7 |
3 weeks |
Magnetic pellets and Vaccariae seeds (control) |
3 days |
Without stimulation (orientation: do not press the seed / magnet pellets). |
Shenmen Kidney Bladder Lumbosacral vertebrae Buttocks Liver Spleen |
Unilateral (Ear alternation) |
Electric detector of acupoints. |
Suen et al., 2007(25)
|
Chinese |
4 |
3 weeks |
Magnets (66 gauss, 0.13 cm diameter) and Vaccariae seeds (control) |
3 days |
Without stimulation (orientation: do not press the seed / magnet pellets). |
Shenmen Kidney Urinary bladder Lumbosacral vertebrae Buttocks Liver Spleen |
Unilateral (Ear alternation) |
Electric detector of acupoints / According to the map of Chinese standard acupoints. |
Ceccherelli et al., 2006(28)
|
// |
8 |
8 weeks |
Disposable Sedatelec® needles (300 µmx18 mm) (group 1) / Auricular needles (group 2) |
// |
Manual (rotational movement, for 20 s, at the time of insertion and for the appearance of sensation of –qi (except point SI) (Group 1) / Auricular needles: rotating movement for 20 s, only at the time of insertion (Group 2). |
Shenmen Lung Cervical spine region Occipital |
// |
// |
Sator-Katzenschlager et al., 2004(26)
|
French (Nogier’s nomenclature) |
6 |
6 weeks |
Disposable titanium needles (27 gauge, 3 mm in length) linked to P-Stim ™ device (Biegler GmbH, Mauerbach, Austria) |
2 days |
Electric (electric stimulation with low continuous frequency using P-Stim ™ – constant current: 1 Hz 2-phase, 2 mA). |
Shenmen Lumbar spine Cushion
|
Unilateral (Ear alternation, starting at the dominant side) |
Electric detector of acupoints. |
Sator-Katzenschlager et al., 2003(29)
|
French (Nogier’s nomenclature) |
6 |
6 weeks |
Disposable titanium needles (27 gauss, 3 mm in length) linked to P-Stim ™ device (Biegler GmbH, Mauerbach, Austria) |
2 days |
Electric (needles were continuously stimulated with 2 mA of constant current with low frequency of 1 Hz during 48 h). |
Shenmen Cervical spine Cushion
|
Unilateral (Ear alternation, starting at the dominant side) |
Electric detector of acupoints. |