Fig. 1
Schematic representations of organs and tissues of immature Chironomus sancticaroli. (A) Internal morphology of the larva; (B) morphology of the digestive tract; (C) aspect of the salivary gland; (D) disposition of the endocrine glands in the retrocerebral complex.
Fig. 2
Micrographs of the foregut and gastric caeca region of immature Chironomus sancticaroli. (A) Cross-section of the esophagus with longitudinal folds formed by the epithelium (arrow) and the longitudinal muscle layer; (B) longitudinal section showing the oesophageal lining epithelium (arrow); (C) cross-sectional of the caecum of the larva, note the Cuénot cells (arrow), cells of the caecum (arrowhead) and esophagus; (D) the Cuénot cells are detailed; (E) in detail, cells of gastric caeca; (F) longitudinal section the region of the caecum showing the estomodeal valve. bb: brush border; cae: gastric caeca; cuc: Cuénot cells; ml: muscle layer; oe: esophagus; oec: esophagus cells; oei: esophagus invagination. Stain: Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 3
Micrographs of the midgut of immature Chironomus sancticaroli. (A) Cross-section of the midgut region I; (B) longitudinal section of the midgut region I; (C) cells of the epithelium of the midgut region I, showing the little brush border area (arrow) and apical and basal eosinophilia of the cell (arrowhead); (D) cross-section of the midgut region II; (E) Cross-section of the region III of the midgut; (F) Brush border (arrow) and peritrophic matrix (arrowhead) in region II of the midgut and (G) Brush border (arrow) and cells in the process of secretion (arrowhead) in region III of midgut. cae: gastric caeca; ep: gut epithelia; fd: food; lu: lumen. Stain: Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 4
Micrographs of hindgut immature of Chironomus sancticaroli. (A) cross-section between the transitional epithelium of the midgut and hindgut; (B) longitudinal section of the transition region between the mid and hindgut, showing the proctodeal valve (arrow); (C) in detail, epithelium of the proctodeal valve; (D) cross-section of ileum showing extensive muscle layer and the longitudinal folds formed by the epithelium (arrow); (E) longitudinal section of the colon and rectum; (F) cross-section of the epithelium of the colon and rectum demonstrating basal eosinophilia of the cell (arrowhead). p: epithelia; fd: food; lu: lumen; ml: muscle layer; mlp: Malpighian tubule, pm: perithrofic membrane; vep: valve epithelia. Stain: Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 5
Micrographs of structures attached to the digestive tract of immature Chironomus sancticaroli. (A, B) Tangential section of the salivary gland, showing parts of the lumen containing secretion (arrow) and cells, highlighting the nucleus with polytene chromosomes (arrowhead); (C) longitudinal section of salivary gland duct, note the presence of content in the lumen (*); (D) longitudinal section showing the insertion site of a Malpighian tubule in the digestive system; (E) cross-section of the tubules with the lumen and the brush border (arrow); (F) longitudinal section of a tubule with the brush border (arrow) and the projection of the nucleus into the lumen (arrowhead). hg: hindgut; ir: insertion region; lu: lumen; mg: midgut; oe: esophagus. Stain: Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 6
Micrographs of nervous system structures of immature of Chironomus sancticaroli. (A) Longitudinal section showing the brain cortical and neuropile; (B) longitudinal section of a ganglion in the nerve cord and a connective sheaf formed by axons; (C) longitudinal section showing the brain, thoracic ganglia and the first abdominal ventral nerve cord (numbers); (D) cross-section of the brain; (E) longitudinal section of the cephalic region of the larva, in detail is the frontal ganglion, anterior to the brain. 1st: first thoracic gangliom, 2nd: second thoracic gangliom; 3rd: third thoracic gangliom, I–III: thoracic segments; 4th: first abdominal gangliom; br: brain; cl: cortical layer, cn: connective; dv: diverticulum; fg: frontal gangliom; g: gangliom, ne: neuropile; nl: neural lamella, oe: esophagus; sg: salivary gland, tr: trophoblastes. Stain: Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 7
Micrographs of glands from the retrocerebral complex of the immature Chironomus sancticaroli. (A) Longitudinal section of the corpora allata, showing the glandular epithelium, demonstrating the cell nucleus (arrowhead); (B) longitudinal section of the prothoracic gland; (C) longitudinal section showing the region of the complex, demonstrating the anterior postcerebral gland and the small group of cells that make up the corpora cardiac; (D) detail of the anterior postcerebral gland, note the granules in their cytoplasm (arrowhead); (E) detail of the small group of cells that make up the corpora cardiaca (arrows). cc: corpora cardiaca; ga: anterior postcerebral gland; ptg: prothoracic gland, tr: trachea. Stain: Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 8
Micrographs of the fat body of immature Chironomus sancticaroli. (A) Hemoglobin cell in parietal fat body; (B) oenocyte, arranged in groups distributed in the parietal fat body; (C) in detail, the hemoglobin cell presenting granules in its cytoplasm (arrowhead); (D) grouped oenocytes showing the basophilic perinuclear cytoplasm (arrowhead); (E) longitudinal showing the arrangement of the parietal and visceral fat body; (F) in detail the trophocytes, cells that are in greater quantity in this tissue, note the perinuclear cytoplasm (arrowhead) and the vacuoles filling the cell (arrows). ct: cuticle; dg: digestory tube; llm: longitudinal muscle layer; pfb: parietal faty body, tr: trophocytes; vfb: visceral body fat. Stain: Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 9
Micrographs of the circulatory system and the integument of immature Chironomus sancticaroli. (A) Longitudinal section of the heart, note the ostium region (arrows); (B) longitudinal section of the region of the vessel wall with the cell of the vessel (arrowhead); (C) longitudinal section showing the aortic valves (*); (D) pericardial cells attaching to the wall of the aorta; (E) longitudinal section of the integument of the head capsule, showing the epithelium and the large amount of exocuticle; (F) longitudinal section of the integument of the body of the larva, note the greater amount of endocuticle. alu: aortic lumen; ao: aorta, ed: endocuticle; ep: epidermis, e.g. exocuticle; h: hemolymph, ht: heart; re: rectum. Stain: Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 2
Micrographs of the foregut and gastric caeca region of immature Chironomus sancticaroli. (A) Cross-section of the esophagus with longitudinal folds formed by the epithelium (arrow) and the longitudinal muscle layer; (B) longitudinal section showing the oesophageal lining epithelium (arrow); (C) cross-sectional of the caecum of the larva, note the Cuénot cells (arrow), cells of the caecum (arrowhead) and esophagus; (D) the Cuénot cells are detailed; (E) in detail, cells of gastric caeca; (F) longitudinal section the region of the caecum showing the estomodeal valve. bb: brush border; cae: gastric caeca; cuc: Cuénot cells; ml: muscle layer; oe: esophagus; oec: esophagus cells; oei: esophagus invagination. Stain: Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 3
Micrographs of the midgut of immature Chironomus sancticaroli. (A) Cross-section of the midgut region I; (B) longitudinal section of the midgut region I; (C) cells of the epithelium of the midgut region I, showing the little brush border area (arrow) and apical and basal eosinophilia of the cell (arrowhead); (D) cross-section of the midgut region II; (E) Cross-section of the region III of the midgut; (F) Brush border (arrow) and peritrophic matrix (arrowhead) in region II of the midgut and (G) Brush border (arrow) and cells in the process of secretion (arrowhead) in region III of midgut. cae: gastric caeca; ep: gut epithelia; fd: food; lu: lumen. Stain: Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 4
Micrographs of hindgut immature of Chironomus sancticaroli. (A) cross-section between the transitional epithelium of the midgut and hindgut; (B) longitudinal section of the transition region between the mid and hindgut, showing the proctodeal valve (arrow); (C) in detail, epithelium of the proctodeal valve; (D) cross-section of ileum showing extensive muscle layer and the longitudinal folds formed by the epithelium (arrow); (E) longitudinal section of the colon and rectum; (F) cross-section of the epithelium of the colon and rectum demonstrating basal eosinophilia of the cell (arrowhead). p: epithelia; fd: food; lu: lumen; ml: muscle layer; mlp: Malpighian tubule, pm: perithrofic membrane; vep: valve epithelia. Stain: Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 5
Micrographs of structures attached to the digestive tract of immature Chironomus sancticaroli. (A, B) Tangential section of the salivary gland, showing parts of the lumen containing secretion (arrow) and cells, highlighting the nucleus with polytene chromosomes (arrowhead); (C) longitudinal section of salivary gland duct, note the presence of content in the lumen (*); (D) longitudinal section showing the insertion site of a Malpighian tubule in the digestive system; (E) cross-section of the tubules with the lumen and the brush border (arrow); (F) longitudinal section of a tubule with the brush border (arrow) and the projection of the nucleus into the lumen (arrowhead). hg: hindgut; ir: insertion region; lu: lumen; mg: midgut; oe: esophagus. Stain: Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 6
Micrographs of nervous system structures of immature of Chironomus sancticaroli. (A) Longitudinal section showing the brain cortical and neuropile; (B) longitudinal section of a ganglion in the nerve cord and a connective sheaf formed by axons; (C) longitudinal section showing the brain, thoracic ganglia and the first abdominal ventral nerve cord (numbers); (D) cross-section of the brain; (E) longitudinal section of the cephalic region of the larva, in detail is the frontal ganglion, anterior to the brain. 1st: first thoracic gangliom, 2nd: second thoracic gangliom; 3rd: third thoracic gangliom, I–III: thoracic segments; 4th: first abdominal gangliom; br: brain; cl: cortical layer, cn: connective; dv: diverticulum; fg: frontal gangliom; g: gangliom, ne: neuropile; nl: neural lamella, oe: esophagus; sg: salivary gland, tr: trophoblastes. Stain: Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 7
Micrographs of glands from the retrocerebral complex of the immature Chironomus sancticaroli. (A) Longitudinal section of the corpora allata, showing the glandular epithelium, demonstrating the cell nucleus (arrowhead); (B) longitudinal section of the prothoracic gland; (C) longitudinal section showing the region of the complex, demonstrating the anterior postcerebral gland and the small group of cells that make up the corpora cardiac; (D) detail of the anterior postcerebral gland, note the granules in their cytoplasm (arrowhead); (E) detail of the small group of cells that make up the corpora cardiaca (arrows). cc: corpora cardiaca; ga: anterior postcerebral gland; ptg: prothoracic gland, tr: trachea. Stain: Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 8
Micrographs of the fat body of immature Chironomus sancticaroli. (A) Hemoglobin cell in parietal fat body; (B) oenocyte, arranged in groups distributed in the parietal fat body; (C) in detail, the hemoglobin cell presenting granules in its cytoplasm (arrowhead); (D) grouped oenocytes showing the basophilic perinuclear cytoplasm (arrowhead); (E) longitudinal showing the arrangement of the parietal and visceral fat body; (F) in detail the trophocytes, cells that are in greater quantity in this tissue, note the perinuclear cytoplasm (arrowhead) and the vacuoles filling the cell (arrows). ct: cuticle; dg: digestory tube; llm: longitudinal muscle layer; pfb: parietal faty body, tr: trophocytes; vfb: visceral body fat. Stain: Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 9
Micrographs of the circulatory system and the integument of immature Chironomus sancticaroli. (A) Longitudinal section of the heart, note the ostium region (arrows); (B) longitudinal section of the region of the vessel wall with the cell of the vessel (arrowhead); (C) longitudinal section showing the aortic valves (*); (D) pericardial cells attaching to the wall of the aorta; (E) longitudinal section of the integument of the head capsule, showing the epithelium and the large amount of exocuticle; (F) longitudinal section of the integument of the body of the larva, note the greater amount of endocuticle. alu: aortic lumen; ao: aorta, ed: endocuticle; ep: epidermis, e.g. exocuticle; h: hemolymph, ht: heart; re: rectum. Stain: Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar = 20 μm.
