Four new species of <i>Triorla</i> Parks (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae) from Brazil

Castro, Ivan; Bravo, Freddy; Vieira, Rodrigo

doi:10.1016/j.rbe.2015.11.013

Ivan Castro

Post-graduate Program in Zoology, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil

Freddy Bravo

Post-graduate Program in Zoology, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil

Rodrigo Vieira ^** Corresponding author. E-mail:rodrigo08vieira@gmail.com (R. Vieira).

Biodiversity Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil

* Corresponding author. E-mail:rodrigo08vieira@gmail.com (R. Vieira).

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures (10)
Tables (2)

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Figures 1–5
Head in frontal view. 1. Triorla beckeri sp. nov.; 2. Triorla milineae sp. nov.; 3. Triorla spatulata sp. nov.; 4. Triorla paraensis sp. nov.; 5. Triorla parastriolaPamplona and Aires, 1999Pamplona, D.M., Aires, C., 1999. Revision of Triorla Parks and description of a new species emphasizing the systematic value of spermatheca (Diptera, Asilidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16, 1127-1134..

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Figures 6–10
Head in lateral view. 6. Triorla beckeri sp. nov.; 7. Triorla milineae sp. nov.; 8. Triorla spatulata sp. nov.; 9. Triorla paraensis sp. nov.; 10. Triorla parastriolaPamplona and Aires, 1999Pamplona, D.M., Aires, C., 1999. Revision of Triorla Parks and description of a new species emphasizing the systematic value of spermatheca (Diptera, Asilidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16, 1127-1134..

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Figures 11–15
Wing. 11. Triorla beckeri sp. nov.; 12. Triorla milineae sp. nov.; 13. Triorla paraensis sp. nov.; 14. Triorla parastriolaPamplona and Aires, 1999Pamplona, D.M., Aires, C., 1999. Revision of Triorla Parks and description of a new species emphasizing the systematic value of spermatheca (Diptera, Asilidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16, 1127-1134.; 15. Triorla spatulata sp. nov.

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Figures 16–21
Triorla parastriolaPamplona and Aires, 1999Pamplona, D.M., Aires, C., 1999. Revision of Triorla Parks and description of a new species emphasizing the systematic value of spermatheca (Diptera, Asilidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16, 1127-1134.. 16. Aedeagal prong; 17. Gonocoxite; 18. Hypandrium; 19. Gonostylus in lateral view; 20. Aedeagus and ejaculatory apodeme in lateral view; 21. Male terminalia in lateral view. Abbreviations: cerc: cercus; ej apod: ejaculatory apodeme; epand: epandrium; goncx: gonocoxite; gonst: gonostylus; hypd: hypandrium; aed: aedeagus; pr: prong.

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Figures 22–29
Triorla beckerisp. nov. 22. Apex of aedeagal prongs; 23. Gonocoxite; 24. Hypandrium; 25. Male abdomen; 26. Macrosetae of epandrium; 27. Gonostylus in lateral view; 28. Aedeagus and ejaculatory apodeme in lateral view; 29. Male terminalia in lateral view. Abbreviations: abd: abdomen; mcs: macrosetae; m ter: male terminalia.

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Figures 30–33
Triorla milineaesp. nov. 30. Male habitus in lateral view; 31. Male habitus in frontal view; 32. Male habitus in dorsal view; 33. Female habitus in dorsal view.

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Figures 34–39
Triorla milineaesp. nov. 34. Male terminalia in dorsal view; 35. Male terminalia in ventral view; 36. Male terminalia in lateral view; 37. Ovopositor in ventral view; 38. Ovopositor in lateral view; 39. Genital fork and spermathecae. Abbreviations: cerc: cercus; ej apod: ejaculatory apodeme; epand: epandrium; f apod: furcal apodeme; goncx apod: gonocoxal apodeme; gen fk: genital fork; goncx: gonocoxite; gonst: gonostylus; hypd: hypandrium; ind duc: individual duct; spmth: spermathecae; st VIII: sternite VIII; t IX+X: tergite IX+X.

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Figures 40–47
Triorla milineaesp. nov. 40. Epandrium in lateral view; 41. Apex of inner margin of epandrium; 42. Aedeagus and ejaculatory apodeme in lateral view; 43. Aedeagus and ejaculatory apodeme in lateral view, gonocoxite and gonostylus; 44. subepandrial sclerite; 45. Hypandrium; 46. Gonostylus in lateral view; 47. Aedeagal prong. Abbreviations: cerc: cercus; sub scl: subepandrial sclerite.

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Figures 48–53
Triorla paraensissp. nov. 48. Apex of aedeagal prongs; 49. Gonocoxite; 50. Hypandrium; 51. Gonostylus in lateral view; 52. Aedeagus and ejaculatory apodeme in lateral view; 53. Male terminalia in lateral view.

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Figures 54–59
Triorla spatulatasp. nov. 54. Apex of aedeagal prongs; 55. Gonocoxite; 56. Hypandrium; 57. Gonostylus in lateral view; 58. Aedeagus and ejaculatory apodeme in lateral view; 59. Male terminalia in lateral view.

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Table 1
List of species of Triorla in Nearctic and Neotropical regions, followed by author, year, and distribution. The list includes the new species here described.

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1. Gonostyle with long spur-like macrosetae (see Tomasovic, 2002: 80, Fig. 17b) ............................................................... T. spinosa Tomasovic 1'. Gonostyle with diminute setae (Figs. 19, 27, 43, 51, 57) ............................................................................................................ 2 2(1) Epandrium, in lateral view, divided in two projections, format of V shaped (see Tomasovic, 2002: 65, Fig. 2a) ........................... T. ambigua (Macquart) 2'. Epandrium, in lateral view, not V-shaped (Figs. 21, 29, 36, 40, 53, 59) ............................................................................................. 3 3(2) Distal region of epandrium with 3 projections ..................................................................................................................... 4 3'. Distal region of epandrium with at most 2 projections (Figs. 21, 29, 36, 40, 53, 59) ................................................................................. 6 4(3) Median projection of epandrium larger than lateral ones (see Tomasovic, 2002: 75, Fig. 12a) ....................................... T. rubidiventris (Macquart) 4'. Median projection of epandrium smaller than lateral ones ......................................................................................................... 5 5(4) Posteroventral projection of epandrium with abruptly acute apex; median projection situated on internal margin of epandrium (see Tomasovic, 2002: 66, Fig. 3a) .................................................................................................................................... T. argyrogaster (Macquart) 5'. Posteroventral projection of epandrium elongated with truncated apex; median projection situated on external margin of epandrium (see Tomasovic, 2002: 73, Fig. 10a) ....................................................................................................................................... T. nervosa (Macquart) 6(3) Median-apical region of dorsal margin of epandrium strongly angled downwards (Figs. 21, 53, 59) ............................................................... 7 6'. Median-apical region of dorsal margin of epandrium straight (Fig. 40) .......................................................................................... 10 7(6) Proximal region of hypandrium rounded (Figs. 24, 50) ............................................................................................................ 8 7'. Proximal region of hypandrium more or less straight (Figs. 18, 56) ................................................................................................ 9 8(7) Distal region of hypandrium with median projection (Fig. 50) ................................................................................. T. paraensis sp. nov. 8'. Distal region of hypandrium without median projection (Fig. 24) ................................................................................. T. beckeri sp. nov. 9(7) Hypandrium subtriangular with median-apical spatulate projection (Fig. 56) ............................................................... T. spatulata sp. nov. 9'. Hypandrium pentagonal with apex of median-apical rounded projection (Fig. 18) .......................................... T. parastriola Pamplona and Aires 10(6) Posteroventral margin of epandrium with distinctly elongated projection ............................................................... T. interrupta (Macquart) 10'. Posteroventral margin of epandrium without projection (Figs. 36, 40) .......................................................................................... 11 11(10) Distal margin of epandrium truncated in lateral view (see Tomasovic, 2002: 81, Fig. 18a) ................................................... T. trichina Tomasovic 11'. Distal margin of epandrium rounded in lateral view (Figs. 36, 40) ................................................................................................ 12 12(11) Ejaculatory apodeme with concentric rows of diminute spines .............................................................................. T. striola (Fabricius) 12'. Ejaculatory apodeme without concentric rows of spinules ...................................................................................................... 13 13(12) Distal margin of gonocoxite pointed, ventral margin curved (Fig. 43) ........................................................................... T. milineae sp. nov. 13'. Distal margin of gonocoxite truncated, ventral margin straight (see Tomasovic, 2002: 69, Fig. 6 b) .................................... T. demifasciata (Macquart)

Valid species	Author/year	Distribution
Triorla ambigua	Macquart (1846)Macquart, P.J.M., 1846. Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 1. Supplément. Mémoires de la Société royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Artes (1845), 133-366.	USA (Texas); Mexico (Yucatán)
Triorla argyrogaster	Macquart (1846)Macquart, P.J.M., 1846. Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 1. Supplément. Mémoires de la Société royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Artes (1845), 133-366.	Mexico (Oaxaca, Yucatán), Honduras
Triorla beckeri sp. nov.		Brazil (Bahia)
Triorla demifasciata	Macquart (1850)Macquart, P.J.M., 1850. Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 4. Supplément. Mémoires de la Société royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Artes (1849), 61–96, 309–479.	Guyana
Triorla interrupta	Macquart (1834)Macquart, P.J.M., 1834. Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Diptères I. Roret, Paris.	U.S.A., Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia
Triorla milineae sp. nov.		Brazil (Ceará, Bahia)
Triorla nervosa	Macquart (1838)Macquart, P.J.M., 1838. Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Mémoires de La Société royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Artes 1, 5-207.	Unknown
Triorla paraensis sp. nov.		Brazil (Pará)
Triorla parastriola	Pamplona and Aires (1999)Pamplona, D.M., Aires, C., 1999. Revision of Triorla Parks and description of a new species emphasizing the systematic value of spermatheca (Diptera, Asilidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16, 1127-1134.	Brazil (Roraima)
Triorla rubidiventris	Macquart (1850)Macquart, P.J.M., 1850. Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 4. Supplément. Mémoires de la Société royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Artes (1849), 61–96, 309–479.	Mexico
Triorla spatulata sp. nov.		Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul)
Triorla spinosa	Tomasovic (2002)Tomasovic, G., 2002. Étude sur matériaux typiques du complexe génital mâle de spet espèce du genre Erax Scopoli, 1763 (Diptera Asilidae) avec la description de trois espèces nouvelles. Notes faunistiques de Gembloux 46, 27-37.	Colombia
Triorla striola	Fabricius (1805)Fabricius, J.C., 1805. Systema Antliatorum Secundum Ordines, Genera, Species. Brunsvigae (Brunswick).	Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana and Surinam south to Paraguay
Triorla trichina	Tomasovic (2002)Tomasovic, G., 2002. Étude sur matériaux typiques du complexe génital mâle de spet espèce du genre Erax Scopoli, 1763 (Diptera Asilidae) avec la description de trois espèces nouvelles. Notes faunistiques de Gembloux 46, 27-37.	French Guiana

1.	Gonostyle with long spur-like macrosetae (see Tomasovic, 2002Tomasovic, G., 2002. Étude sur matériaux typiques du complexe génital mâle de spet espèce du genre Erax Scopoli, 1763 (Diptera Asilidae) avec la description de trois espèces nouvelles. Notes faunistiques de Gembloux 46, 27-37.: 80, Fig. 17b) ............................................................... T. spinosa Tomasovic
1'.	Gonostyle with diminute setae (Figs. 19, 27, 43, 51, 57) ............................................................................................................ 2
2(1)	Epandrium, in lateral view, divided in two projections, format of V shaped (see Tomasovic, 2002Tomasovic, G., 2002. Étude sur matériaux typiques du complexe génital mâle de spet espèce du genre Erax Scopoli, 1763 (Diptera Asilidae) avec la description de trois espèces nouvelles. Notes faunistiques de Gembloux 46, 27-37.: 65, Fig. 2a) ........................... T. ambigua (Macquart)
2'.	Epandrium, in lateral view, not V-shaped (Figs. 21, 29, 36, 40, 53, 59) ............................................................................................. 3
3(2)	Distal region of epandrium with 3 projections ..................................................................................................................... 4
3'.	Distal region of epandrium with at most 2 projections (Figs. 21, 29, 36, 40, 53, 59) ................................................................................. 6
4(3)	Median projection of epandrium larger than lateral ones (see Tomasovic, 2002Tomasovic, G., 2002. Étude sur matériaux typiques du complexe génital mâle de spet espèce du genre Erax Scopoli, 1763 (Diptera Asilidae) avec la description de trois espèces nouvelles. Notes faunistiques de Gembloux 46, 27-37.: 75, Fig. 12a) ....................................... T. rubidiventris (Macquart)
4'.	Median projection of epandrium smaller than lateral ones ......................................................................................................... 5
5(4)	Posteroventral projection of epandrium with abruptly acute apex; median projection situated on internal margin of epandrium (see Tomasovic, 2002Tomasovic, G., 2002. Étude sur matériaux typiques du complexe génital mâle de spet espèce du genre Erax Scopoli, 1763 (Diptera Asilidae) avec la description de trois espèces nouvelles. Notes faunistiques de Gembloux 46, 27-37.: 66, Fig. 3a) .................................................................................................................................... T. argyrogaster (Macquart)
5'.	Posteroventral projection of epandrium elongated with truncated apex; median projection situated on external margin of epandrium (see Tomasovic, 2002Tomasovic, G., 2002. Étude sur matériaux typiques du complexe génital mâle de spet espèce du genre Erax Scopoli, 1763 (Diptera Asilidae) avec la description de trois espèces nouvelles. Notes faunistiques de Gembloux 46, 27-37.: 73, Fig. 10a) ....................................................................................................................................... T. nervosa (Macquart)
6(3)	Median-apical region of dorsal margin of epandrium strongly angled downwards (Figs. 21, 53, 59) ............................................................... 7
6'.	Median-apical region of dorsal margin of epandrium straight (Fig. 40) .......................................................................................... 10
7(6)	Proximal region of hypandrium rounded (Figs. 24, 50) ............................................................................................................ 8
7'.	Proximal region of hypandrium more or less straight (Figs. 18, 56) ................................................................................................ 9
8(7)	Distal region of hypandrium with median projection (Fig. 50) ................................................................................. T. paraensis sp. nov.
8'.	Distal region of hypandrium without median projection (Fig. 24) ................................................................................. T. beckeri sp. nov.
9(7)	Hypandrium subtriangular with median-apical spatulate projection (Fig. 56) ............................................................... T. spatulata sp. nov.
9'.	Hypandrium pentagonal with apex of median-apical rounded projection (Fig. 18) .......................................... T. parastriola Pamplona and Aires
10(6)	Posteroventral margin of epandrium with distinctly elongated projection ............................................................... T. interrupta (Macquart)
10'.	Posteroventral margin of epandrium without projection (Figs. 36, 40) .......................................................................................... 11
11(10)	Distal margin of epandrium truncated in lateral view (see Tomasovic, 2002Tomasovic, G., 2002. Étude sur matériaux typiques du complexe génital mâle de spet espèce du genre Erax Scopoli, 1763 (Diptera Asilidae) avec la description de trois espèces nouvelles. Notes faunistiques de Gembloux 46, 27-37.: 81, Fig. 18a) ................................................... T. trichina Tomasovic
11'.	Distal margin of epandrium rounded in lateral view (Figs. 36, 40) ................................................................................................ 12
12(11)	Ejaculatory apodeme with concentric rows of diminute spines .............................................................................. T. striola (Fabricius)
12'.	Ejaculatory apodeme without concentric rows of spinules ...................................................................................................... 13
13(12)	Distal margin of gonocoxite pointed, ventral margin curved (Fig. 43) ........................................................................... T. milineae sp. nov.
13'.	Distal margin of gonocoxite truncated, ventral margin straight (see Tomasovic, 2002Tomasovic, G., 2002. Étude sur matériaux typiques du complexe génital mâle de spet espèce du genre Erax Scopoli, 1763 (Diptera Asilidae) avec la description de trois espèces nouvelles. Notes faunistiques de Gembloux 46, 27-37.: 69, Fig. 6 b) .................................... T. demifasciata (Macquart)

[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:rodrigo08vieira@gmail.com (R. Vieira).

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Four new species of Triorla Parks (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae) from Brazil

ABSTRACT