A new species of <i>Actinote</i> Hübner (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae: Acraeini) from southeast Brazil

The present paper describes a new species of Actinote (Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae, Acraeini) from southeastern Brazil, and describes the morphology of the adults and immature stages of this species. Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. occurs in the Serra da Mantiqueira and Serra do Mar in the Atlantic Forest. Adults from this population are very similar to other species of the “orangish red mimicry complex”, including Actinote alalia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1860), its sister species, restricted to the mountains of southern Brazil. Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. and A. alalia are distinguishable by wing pattern, male genitalia and larval morphology, and have strongly allopatric distributions. A redescription of Actinote alalia is also provided.

Keywords
Atlantic Forest; Araucaria Forest; Actinote alalia; Species redescription; Immature stages

Authorship

André Victor Lucci Freitas ^** Corresponding author. E-mail:baku@unicamp.br (A.V.L. Freitas).

Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Campinas, SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de CampinasBrazilCampinas, SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Campinas, SP, Brazil

Ronaldo Bastos Francini

Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Católica de SantosBrazilSantos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Católica de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil

Márlon Paluch

Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Cruz das Almas, BA, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Recôncavo da BahiaBrazilCruz das Almas, BA, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil

Eduardo Proença Barbosa

* Corresponding author. E-mail:baku@unicamp.br (A.V.L. Freitas).

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Católica de SantosBrazilSantos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Católica de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil

Figures

Figures (11)

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Fig. 1
Holotype male (A) and allotype female (B) of Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. (left = dorsal; right = ventral). Scale bar = 10 mm.

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Fig. 2
Comparative plate showing the main differences in wing pattern between Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. and Actinote alalia. (A) Male paratype of A. mantiqueira sp. nov. (dorsal left, ventral right); (B) detail of humeral region in male VHW; (C) female paratype of A. mantiqueira sp. nov. (dorsal left, ventral right); (D) detail of humeral region in female VHW; (E) male of A. alalia (dorsal left, ventral right); (F) detail of humeral region in male VHW; (G) female of A. alalia (dorsal left, ventral right); (H) detail of humeral region in female VHW.

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Fig. 3
Male and female genital characters of Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. (A-H) and Actinote alalia (I-P). A. mantiqueira sp. nov.: (A) lateral view of male genitalia; (B) uncus in dorsal view; (C) aedeagus dorsal (above) and lateral (below); (D) saccus, ventral view; (E) valva, ventral view; (F) juxta; G. 8th sternite; (H) female sterigma. A. alalia: (I) lateral view of male genitalia; (J) uncus in dorsal view; (K) aedeagus dorsal (above) and lateral (below); (L) saccus, ventral view; (M) valva, ventral view; (N) juxta; (O) 8th sternite; (P) female sterigma. ae, aedeagus; ju, juxta; sa, saccus; un, uncus; va, valva.

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Fig. 4
Morphological characters of males (A-D) and females (E-H) of Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. (A) Wing venation; (B) Palpus; (C) Foreleg; (D) Midleg; (E) Wing venation; (F) Palpus; (G) Foreleg; (H) Midleg.

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Fig. 5
Eggs of Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. (A - lateral view, B - dorsal view) and Actinote alalia (C - lateral view, D - dorsal view) in scanning electron microscopy.

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Fig. 6
Chaetotaxy of first instar head capsule of Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. (setae nomenclature on the right side and pore nomenclature on the left side).

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Fig. 7
Larval body diagrams of Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. (A) First instar body chaetotaxy; (B) last instar scoli distribution.

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Fig. 8
Natural history of A. mantiqueira sp. nov. (A-E) and Actinote alalia (F-G). (A) Shrub of Eupatorium intermedium, host plant of A. mantiqueira; (B) Female of A. mantiqueira sp. nov. ovipositing; (C) close view of an oviposition of A. mantiqueira sp. nov.; (D) Last instar of A. mantiqueira sp. nov. (lateral view); (E) Pupa of A. mantiqueira sp. nov. (latero-ventral view); (F) Last instar of A. alalia (lateral view); (G) Female of A. alalia ovipositing (photo by Lucas A. Kaminski).

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Fig. 9
Comparative plate showing all known Brazilian species of Actinote belonging to the “orangish red mimicry complex”, dorsal left and ventral right (males only). (A) Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. (paratype), (B) Actinote bonita, (C) Actinote conspicua, (D) Actinote quadra, (E) Actinote dalmeidai, (F) Actinote surima, (G) Actinote alalia, (H) Actinote catarina.

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Fig. 10
(A and B) Habitat of Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov.; (C and D) Habitat of Actinote alalia. (A) General view of the montane forests in Campos do Jordão, São Paulo State (1400-1600 m a.s.l.); (B) region of contact between grassland and high altitude forest, Pico do Itapeva, Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo State (1800 m a.s.l.); (C) general view of the montane forests in São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul State (900-1100 m a.s.l.); (D) close view of the montane forest in São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul State (900 m a.s.l.); the characteristic Araucaria trees are visible near the trail (black arrow).

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Fig. 11
Recorded distribution of Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. (open circles) and Actinote alalia (solid circles) in Brazil. Locality data include records compiled from ^{Paluch (2006)}Paluch, 2006 Paluch, M., (Ph.D. thesis) 2006. Revisão das espécies de Actinote Hübner [1819] (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae, Acraeini). Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba., museum data (see text) and recent sightings (AVLF, unpublished data).

Fig. 1 Holotype male (A) and allotype female (B) of Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. (left = dorsal; right = ventral). Scale bar = 10 mm.

Fig. 2 Comparative plate showing the main differences in wing pattern between Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. and Actinote alalia. (A) Male paratype of A. mantiqueira sp. nov. (dorsal left, ventral right); (B) detail of humeral region in male VHW; (C) female paratype of A. mantiqueira sp. nov. (dorsal left, ventral right); (D) detail of humeral region in female VHW; (E) male of A. alalia (dorsal left, ventral right); (F) detail of humeral region in male VHW; (G) female of A. alalia (dorsal left, ventral right); (H) detail of humeral region in female VHW.

Fig. 3 Male and female genital characters of Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. (A-H) and Actinote alalia (I-P). A. mantiqueira sp. nov.: (A) lateral view of male genitalia; (B) uncus in dorsal view; (C) aedeagus dorsal (above) and lateral (below); (D) saccus, ventral view; (E) valva, ventral view; (F) juxta; G. 8th sternite; (H) female sterigma. A. alalia: (I) lateral view of male genitalia; (J) uncus in dorsal view; (K) aedeagus dorsal (above) and lateral (below); (L) saccus, ventral view; (M) valva, ventral view; (N) juxta; (O) 8th sternite; (P) female sterigma. ae, aedeagus; ju, juxta; sa, saccus; un, uncus; va, valva.

Fig. 4 Morphological characters of males (A-D) and females (E-H) of Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. (A) Wing venation; (B) Palpus; (C) Foreleg; (D) Midleg; (E) Wing venation; (F) Palpus; (G) Foreleg; (H) Midleg.

Fig. 5 Eggs of Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. (A - lateral view, B - dorsal view) and Actinote alalia (C - lateral view, D - dorsal view) in scanning electron microscopy.

Fig. 6 Chaetotaxy of first instar head capsule of Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. (setae nomenclature on the right side and pore nomenclature on the left side).

Fig. 7 Larval body diagrams of Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. (A) First instar body chaetotaxy; (B) last instar scoli distribution.

Fig. 8 Natural history of A. mantiqueira sp. nov. (A-E) and Actinote alalia (F-G). (A) Shrub of Eupatorium intermedium, host plant of A. mantiqueira; (B) Female of A. mantiqueira sp. nov. ovipositing; (C) close view of an oviposition of A. mantiqueira sp. nov.; (D) Last instar of A. mantiqueira sp. nov. (lateral view); (E) Pupa of A. mantiqueira sp. nov. (latero-ventral view); (F) Last instar of A. alalia (lateral view); (G) Female of A. alalia ovipositing (photo by Lucas A. Kaminski).

Fig. 9 Comparative plate showing all known Brazilian species of Actinote belonging to the “orangish red mimicry complex”, dorsal left and ventral right (males only). (A) Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. (paratype), (B) Actinote bonita, (C) Actinote conspicua, (D) Actinote quadra, (E) Actinote dalmeidai, (F) Actinote surima, (G) Actinote alalia, (H) Actinote catarina.

Fig. 10 (A and B) Habitat of Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov.; (C and D) Habitat of Actinote alalia. (A) General view of the montane forests in Campos do Jordão, São Paulo State (1400-1600 m a.s.l.); (B) region of contact between grassland and high altitude forest, Pico do Itapeva, Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo State (1800 m a.s.l.); (C) general view of the montane forests in São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul State (900-1100 m a.s.l.); (D) close view of the montane forest in São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul State (900 m a.s.l.); the characteristic Araucaria trees are visible near the trail (black arrow).

Fig. 11 Recorded distribution of Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. (open circles) and Actinote alalia (solid circles) in Brazil. Locality data include records compiled from ^{Paluch (2006)}Paluch, 2006 Paluch, M., (Ph.D. thesis) 2006. Revisão das espécies de Actinote Hübner [1819] (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae, Acraeini). Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba., museum data (see text) and recent sightings (AVLF, unpublished data).

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Métricas

A new species of <i>Actinote</i> Hübner (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae: Acraeini) from southeast Brazil

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:baku@unicamp.br (A.V.L. Freitas).