Vachaud et al. (1985)Vachaud G, De Silans AP de, Balabanis P, Vauclin M. Temporal stability of spatially measured soil water probability density function. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 1985;49:822-8. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900040006x
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.036159...
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(i) Grenoble, France; (ii) Seville, Spain and (iii) Mornag, Tunisia/(i) n.r.; (ii) n.r.; (iii) n.r. / (i) 2 km2; (ii) n.r.; (iii) 0.01 km2
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(i) 14 days and bimonthly; (ii) n.r.; and (iii) n.r./(i) 2.5 years; (ii) n.r.; and (iii) n.r./(i) neutron tubes; (ii) neutron tubes and tensiometers; and (iii) neutron tubes and gravimetric method |
Introduced the concept of soil moisture time-stability and variability in order to reduce the number of soil sample observations |
Qiu et al. (2001)Qiu Y, Fu B, Wang J, Chen L. Spatial variability of soil moisture content and its relation to environmental indices in a semi-arid gully catchment of the Loess Plateau, China. J Arid Environ. 2001;49:723-50. https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.2001.0828
https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.2001.0828...
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Losses Plateau, China/Continental semi-arid/3.5 km2
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Biweekly/9 months/TDR |
Used the metrics proposed by Vachaud et al. (1985)Vachaud G, De Silans AP de, Balabanis P, Vauclin M. Temporal stability of spatially measured soil water probability density function. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 1985;49:822-8. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900040006x
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.036159...
, associated with the local features (climate, soil type, and elevation), in order to reduce the number of local soil moisture measurements |
Brocca et al. (2010)Brocca L, Melone F, Moramarco T, Morbidelli R. Spatial-temporal variability of soil moisture and its estimation across scales. Water Resour Res. 2010;46:W02516. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008016
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008016...
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Vallaccia catchment, central Italy/Mediterranean semi-humid/56 km2
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35 sampling days with almost weekly frequency, except for the summer period/1 year/TDR |
Applied the methodology proposed by Vachaud et al. (1985)Vachaud G, De Silans AP de, Balabanis P, Vauclin M. Temporal stability of spatially measured soil water probability density function. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 1985;49:822-8. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900040006x
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.036159...
in distinct sites inside the catchment to define the minimal number of measurement points to validate soil moisture data provided by remote sensing products |
Souza et al. (2011)Souza ER, Montenegro AAA, Montenegro SMG, Matos JA. Temporal stability of soil moisture in irrigated carrot crops in Northeast Brazil. Agr Water Manage. 2011;99:26-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2011.08.002
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2011.08....
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Mimoso catchment, North-Eastern Brazil/Semi-Arid very hot/1,800 m2
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Twice per week/96 days/neutron tubes |
Evaluated the soil moisture time-stability concept proposed by Vachaud et al. (1985)Vachaud G, De Silans AP de, Balabanis P, Vauclin M. Temporal stability of spatially measured soil water probability density function. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 1985;49:822-8. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900040006x
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.036159...
and its dependence in an irrigated carrot plot |
Brocca et al. (2012)Brocca L, Tullo T, Melone F, Moramarco T, Morbidelli R. Catchment scale soil moisture spatial-temporal variability. J Hydrol. 2012;422-423:63-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.12.039
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.1...
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Genna and Caina catchments, central Italy/Mediterranean semi-humid/242 and 178 km2, respectively |
35 and 34 sampling days with almost weekly frequency, respectively, except for the summer period/11 months/TDR |
Applied the methodology proposed by Vachaud et al. (1985)Vachaud G, De Silans AP de, Balabanis P, Vauclin M. Temporal stability of spatially measured soil water probability density function. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 1985;49:822-8. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900040006x
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.036159...
at small and medium spatial scales in order to reduce the number of measuring points across the region |
Mittelbach and Seneviratne (2012)Mittelbach H, Seneviratne SI. A new perspective on the spatio-temporal variability of soil moisture: Temporal dynamics versus time-invariant contributions. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci. 2012;16:2169-79. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2169-2012
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2169-201...
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14 grassland sites in Switzerland/Six distinct climates/~31,500 km2
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Daily/14 months/TDR and capacitance |
Updated the method proposed by Vachaud et al. (1985)Vachaud G, De Silans AP de, Balabanis P, Vauclin M. Temporal stability of spatially measured soil water probability density function. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 1985;49:822-8. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900040006x
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.036159...
, using a framework to distinguish the time-variant and -invariant contributors to spatial variability at country scale |
Brocca et al. (2014)Brocca L, Zucco G, Mittelbach H, Moramarco T, Seneviratne SI. Absolute versus temporal anomaly and percent of saturation soil moisture spatial variability for six networks worldwide. Water Resour Res. 2014;50:5560-76. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015684
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015684...
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Italy, Spain, France, Switzerland, Australia, and United States/Distinct climates/From 250 to 150,000 km2
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From daily to 15 days/From 10 months to less than 3.5 years/n.r. |
Compared the framework carried out by Mittelbach and Seneviratne (2012)Mittelbach H, Seneviratne SI. A new perspective on the spatio-temporal variability of soil moisture: Temporal dynamics versus time-invariant contributions. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci. 2012;16:2169-79. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2169-2012
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2169-201...
with soil moisture data and the saturation percentage in six monitoring networks worldwide |
Molina et al. (2014)Molina AJ, Latron J, Rubio CM, Gallart F, Llorens P. Spatio-temporal variability of soil water content on the local scale in a Mediterranean mountain area (Vallcebre, North Eastern Spain). How different spatio-temporal scales reflect mean soil water content. J Hydrol. 2014;516:182-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.01.040
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.0...
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Can Vila catchment, Northeast Spain/Mediterranean humid/0.56 km2
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From 20 minutes to 14 days/2 years/TDR |
Evaluated how distinct monitoring temporal resolutions can impact the spatiotemporal changing patterns in order to define the most appropriated monitoring frequency under distinct soil moisture conditions |
Melo and Montenegro (2015)Melo RO, Montenegro AAA. Dinâmica temporal da umidade do solo em uma bacia hidrográfica no semiárido Pernambucano. Rev Bras Recur Hidricos. 2015;20:430-41. https://doi.org/10.21168/rbrh.v20n2.p430-441
https://doi.org/10.21168/rbrh.v20n2.p430...
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Jatobá experimental watershed, Northeast Brazil/Semi-arid very hot/14 km2
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16 biweekly campaigns in 18 monitoring points/1.25 years/Neutron tubes |
Investigated the soil moisture temporal variability in surface and sub-surface layers under Caatinga vegetation and pasture cover in Argissolo Amarelo (Haplic Acrisol) and Neossolo Regolítico (Dystric Regosol) soil types |
Silva Junior et al. (2016) |
Jatobá experimental watershed, Northeast Brazil/Semi-arid very hot/14 km2
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42 campaigns in 17 monitoring points with n.r. frequency/3.5 years/capacitance probe |
Evaluated surface soil moisture temporal stability under Caatinga vegetation and pasture cover to identify stable points in Argissolo Amarelo (Haplic Acrisol) and Neossolo Regolítico (Dystric Regosol) soil types |
Costa et al. (2016)Costa CAG, Araújo JC, Lopes JWB, Pinheiro EAR. Permanence of water effectiveness in the root zone of the Caatinga biome. Rev Caatinga. 2016;29:692-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n320rc
https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29...
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Aiuaba experimental watershed, Northeast Brazil/Semi-arid very hot/12 km2
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Hourly/8 years/TDR |
Estimated the permanence curves for soil moisture and water effectiveness in Argissolo Eutrófico (Haplic Lixisol), Luvissolo Crômico (Chromic Luvisol), and Neossolo Litólico (Lithic Leptsol) soil types |
Montenegro et al. (2018)Montenegro AAA, Souza TEMS, Souza ER, Montenegro SMGL. Temporal dynamics of soil moisture and rainfall erosivity in a tropical volcanic archipelago. J Hydrol. 2018;563:737-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.06.047
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.0...
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Experimental plot in Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Northeast Brazil/Tropical with dry summer/49.5 m2
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Hourly/2 years/TDR |
Investigated the relationship between soil water temporal dynamics and rainfall patterns and rainfall erosivity in a Cambissolo Háplico (Sodic Cambisol) |
This study |
Guaraíra experimental watershed, Northeast Brazil/Tropical with dry summer/5.84 km2
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From 1 hour to 15 days/1 year/TDR |
Evaluated how different monitoring temporal resolutions ( Molina et al., 2014Molina AJ, Latron J, Rubio CM, Gallart F, Llorens P. Spatio-temporal variability of soil water content on the local scale in a Mediterranean mountain area (Vallcebre, North Eastern Spain). How different spatio-temporal scales reflect mean soil water content. J Hydrol. 2014;516:182-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.01.040
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.0...
) can affect the time-variant and -invariant soil moisture components ( Mittelbach and Seneviratne, 2012Mittelbach H, Seneviratne SI. A new perspective on the spatio-temporal variability of soil moisture: Temporal dynamics versus time-invariant contributions. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci. 2012;16:2169-79. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2169-2012
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2169-201...
) around the border between Espodossolo Humilúvico (Carbic Podzol) and Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo (Haplic Acrisol) soil types |