Women with children under three years: life conditions5

This text presents a profile of women living in the state of São Paulo who are mothers of children ages zero to three years, and compares those whose children are enrolled in early childhood education - EI - institutions and those who do not use this service, in order to discuss the social role of these units. We used the 2010 Demographic Census as our source of data, and selected the variables referring to general profile (age, color/race, education), family life ( family structure, position in the family), professional life and income (occupation, income per capita). The study reaffirms phenomena referring to social inequalities which aggravate according with gender and race/color relations, underscoring these differences in terms of access to EI institutions.

Keyword:
Public Policies; Early Child Hood Education; Social in Equalities; Women

Authorship

Fabiana Silva Fernandes

Fundação Carlos Chagas, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. fsfernandes@fcc.org.brFundação Carlos ChagasBrasilSão Paulo, São Paulo, BrasilFundação Carlos Chagas, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. fsfernandes@fcc.org.br

Nelson Gimenes

Fundação Carlos Chagas, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. ngimenes@fcc.org.brFundação Carlos ChagasBrasilSão Paulo, São Paulo, BrasilFundação Carlos Chagas, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. ngimenes@fcc.org.br

Juliana dos Reis Domingues

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables

Tables (10)

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TABLE A:
distribution of women living in the state of são paulo who are mothers of children ages 0-3, by per capita household income segment, according with children’s attendance to EI institutions and women’s position in the family structure

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Table 1:
women living in the state of São Paulo who are mothers of children ages 0-3 according with age group and children’s attendance in EI institutions

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Table 2:
women living in the state of São Paulo who are mothers of children ages 0-3, by education level, and according with children’s attendance in EI institutions

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Table 3:
women living in the state of São Paulo who are mothers of children ages 0-3, according with color/race, and by children’s attendance in EI institutions

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Table 4:
women living in the state of São Paulo whose children ages 0-3 attend an EI institution, by institution type, and according with women’s color/race

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Table 5:
women living in the state of São Paulo with children ages 0-3, by type of relationship with household head, and according with children’s attendance to EI institution

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TABLE B:
distribution of women living in the state of São Paulo who are mothers of children ages 0-3, by job category, and according with children’s attendance to EI institutions and women’s position in the family structure

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TABLE 6:
average per capita household* income, in minimum wages, of women living in the state of São Paulo with children ages 0-3, according with color/race and children’s attendance to EI institutions

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Table 7:
distribution of women living in the state of São Paulo who are mothers of children ages 0-3, by per capita household income segment, according with children’s attendance to EI institutions

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Table 8:
distribution of women living in the state of São Paulo who are mothers of children ages 0-3, according with occupation and children’s attendance to EI institutions

TABLE A: distribution of women living in the state of são paulo who are mothers of children ages 0-3, by per capita household income segment, according with children’s attendance to EI institutions and women’s position in the family structure

Per Capita Household Income (minimum wages)	Children Aged 0-3 not Enrolled in EI			Children in Public EI			Children in Private EI
	Family Head %	Other %	Total %	Family Head %	Other %	Total %	Family Head %	Other %	Total
Until 0.5	54%	31%	33%	36%	31%	31%	17%	5%	6%
0.5 to 1.0	30%	35%	34%	40%	38%	38%	25%	12%	13%
1.0 to 2.0	13%	22%	21%	20%	24%	24%	27%	26%	26%
Over 2.0	4%	13%	12%	4%	7%	7%	31%	58%	56%
Total	92.239	908.686	1.000.925	14.251	292.890	307.141	13.218	144.081	157.299

Source: IBGE, Censo Demográfico 2010.

Table 1: women living in the state of São Paulo who are mothers of children ages 0-3 according with age group and children’s attendance in EI institutions

Age group	Children aged 0-3 attending early childhood education institution
	Public			Private			No			Total
	N	% c	% l	N	% c	% l	N	% c	% l	N	% c	% l
13 to 20	29,337	8	(15)	4,304	2	(02)	159,470	13	(83)	193,121	11	(100)
21 to 34	265,849	72	(22)	117,827	65	(10)	837,180	68	(69)	1,220,993	69	(100)
35 +	73,378	20	(20)	60,109	33	(17)	225,671	18	(63)	359,211	20	(100)
Total	368,564	100	(21)	182,240	100	(10)	1,222,321	100	(69)	1,773,325	100	(100)

Source: IBGE, Censo Demográfico 2010

Table 2: women living in the state of São Paulo who are mothers of children ages 0-3, by education level, and according with children’s attendance in EI institutions

Education Level	Mothers with Children in Public EI		Mothers with Children in Private EI		Mothers with Children without EI
	N	%	N	%	N	%
No Education and Incomplete Basic Education	101.325	28	9.551	05	331.936	27
Basic Education and Incomplete Secondary Education	90.058	24	16.513	09	293.622	24
Secondary Education and Incomplete Higher Education	149.268	41	70.238	39	465.756	38
Higher Education	24.058	07	85.224	47	124.420	10
Undetermined	3.856	01	713	00	6.587	01
Total	368.563	100	182.240	100	1.222.321	100

Source: IBGE, Censo Demográfico 2010.

Table 3: women living in the state of São Paulo who are mothers of children ages 0-3, according with color/race, and by children’s attendance in EI institutions

Color/Race	Children Attending EI		Children Not Attending EI		Total
	N	%	N	%	N	%
White	339.507	32	715.061	68	1.054.599	100
Black	36.392	34	69.235	66	105.661	100
Brown	167.728	28	424.490	72	592.247	100
Others	7.177	35	13.536	65	20.781	100
Total	550.804	31	1.222.321	69	1.773.155	100

Source: IBGE, Censo Demográfico 2010.

Table 4: women living in the state of São Paulo whose children ages 0-3 attend an EI institution, by institution type, and according with women’s color/race

Color/Race	Children in Public EI		Children in Private EI		Total
	N	%	N	%	N	%
White	195.180	58	144.327	43	339.507	100
Black	29.928	82	6.464	18	36.392	100
Brown	140.473	84	27.255	16	167.728	100
Others	2.983	42	4.194	58	7.177	100
Total	368.563	67	182.240	33	550.803	100

Source: IBGE, Censo Demográfico 2010.

Table 5: women living in the state of São Paulo with children ages 0-3, by type of relationship with household head, and according with children’s attendance to EI institution

Relationship with Household Head	Children in Public EI		Children in Private EI		Children without EI
	N	%	N	%	N	%
Household Head	106.651	29	45.901	25	274.072	22
Wife or Partner of Male Household Head	187.190	51	112.755	62	692.723	57
Daughter of Household Head	51.007	14	16.972	9	166.385	14
Others	23.715	6	6.612	4	89.140	7
Total	368.563	100	182.240	100	1.222.321	100

Source: IBGE, Censo Demográfico, 2010.

TABLE B: distribution of women living in the state of São Paulo who are mothers of children ages 0-3, by job category, and according with children’s attendance to EI institutions and women’s position in the family structure

JOB CATEGORIES	Children Aged 0-3			Children Aged 0-3			Children Aged 0-3
	Family Head %	Other Family Structures %	Total %	Family Head %	Other Family Structures %	Total %	Family Head %	Other Family Structures %	Total
Unemployed	45%	57%	56%	30%	34%	34%	17%	23%	22%
Formal Employment	30%	24%	25%	46%	41%	42%	50%	47%	48%
Military and Statutory Civil Servants	1%	2%	2%	2%	2%	2%	6%	5%	5%
Work without Formal Employment	16%	8%	9%	18%	15%	15%	11%	7%	7%
Self-Employed	7%	7%	7%	4%	7%	7%	12%	13%	13%
Employers	0%	1%	1%	0%	0%	0%	2%	4%	4%
Others	1%	1%	1%	0%	1%	1%	0%	1%	1%
Total	92.953	916.293	1.009.246	14.338	293.927	308.265	13.846	149.729	163.575

Source: IBGE, Censo Demográfico 2010.

TABLE 6: average per capita household* income, in minimum wages, of women living in the state of São Paulo with children ages 0-3, according with color/race and children’s attendance to EI institutions

Color/Race	Public EI	Private EI	Not attending EI
White	1.1	4.2	1.5
Black	0.8	1.9	0.8
Yellow	1.3	4.8	2.3
Brown	0.8	2.0	0.8
Indigenous	0.6	2.6	0.9
Total	0.9	3.8	1.2

(*) private households
Source: IBGE, Censo Demográfico 2010

Table 7: distribution of women living in the state of São Paulo who are mothers of children ages 0-3, by per capita household income segment, according with children’s attendance to EI institutions

Per Capita Household Income (in minimum wages)	Women with Children Ages 0-3
	Public EI	Private EI	Not Attending EI
Until 0.5	31	6	33
0.5 to 1.0	38	13	35
1.0 to 2.0	24	27	21
Over 2.0	7	54	11
Total	100	100	100

Source: IBGE, Censo Demográfico 2010.

Table 8: distribution of women living in the state of São Paulo who are mothers of children ages 0-3, according with occupation and children’s attendance to EI institutions

Occupation	Public EI	Private EI	Not Attending	Total
	(15)	(05)	(80)	(100)
None	35	22	57	48
	(26)	(15)	(58)	(100)
One	63	73	42	50
	(26)	(26)	(48)	(100)
Two or More	2	4	1	2
	(21)	(10)	(69)	(100)
Total	100	100	100	100
	(15)	(05)	(80)	(100)

Source: IBGE, Censo Demográfico 2010.

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Fundação Carlos Chagas Av. Prof. Francisco Morato, 1565, 05513-900 São Paulo SP Brasil, Tel.: +55 11 3723-3000 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cadpesq@fcc.org.br

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Women with children under three years: life conditions5

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[TFN13] Source: IBGE, Censo Demográfico 2010.