Bioactivity of Piper extracts on Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
               in tomato

The objective of this work was to evaluate the bioactivity of ethanolic leaf extracts from four species of the genus Piper against the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under laboratory conditions. The evaluated species were: P. amalago var. medium, P. glabratum, P. mikanianum, and P. mollicomum. In the initial screening assay (extract concentration of 2,000 mg L^-1), all tested extracts caused significant larval mortality, particularly the extract of P. amalago var. medium; however, no extracts reduced the weight of the surviving larvae. The extract from P. amalago var. medium at the concentration of 1,011 mg L^-1 caused a significant lengthening of the larval and pupal stages. The ethanolic leaf extract of P. amalago var. medium is promising for the control of T. absoluta larvae in tomato, since it exhibits acute toxicity toward these caterpillars at the concentration of 2,000 mg L^-1 and affects the insect's development by reducing its survival and lengthening the larval and pupal stages.

Piper amalago var. medium ; botanical extracts; piperamides; tomato leafminer.

Authorship

Elaine Ferrari de Brito

Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Campus de Botucatu, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, no 1.780, CEP 18610-307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. E-mail: elaine.ferrari@fca.unesp.br, elbaldin@fca.unesp.br, roneykk@hotmail.comUniversidade Estadual PaulistaBrazilBotucatu, SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Campus de Botucatu, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, no 1.780, CEP 18610-307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. E-mail: elaine.ferrari@fca.unesp.br, elbaldin@fca.unesp.br, roneykk@hotmail.com

Edson Luiz Lopes Baldin

Roney de Carvalho Macedo Silva

Leandro do Prado Ribeiro

Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina, Centro de Pesquisa para Agricultura Familiar, Rua Servidão Ferdinando Tusset, s/no, São Cristóvão, CEP 89801-970 Chapecó, SC, Brazil. E-mail: leandroribeiro@epagri.sc.gov.brEmpresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa CatarinaBrazilChapecó, SC, BrazilEmpresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina, Centro de Pesquisa para Agricultura Familiar, Rua Servidão Ferdinando Tusset, s/no, São Cristóvão, CEP 89801-970 Chapecó, SC, Brazil. E-mail: leandroribeiro@epagri.sc.gov.br

José Djair Vendramim

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Avenida Pádua Dias, no 11, CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. E-mail: jdvendra@usp.brUniversidade de São PauloBrazilPiracicaba, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Avenida Pádua Dias, no 11, CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. E-mail: jdvendra@usp.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables

Tables (4)

Thumbnail

Table 1:
Means±standard error of Tuta absoluta larval weight and mortality after six days of exposure to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaflets treated with ethanolic leaf extracts from different Piperaceae species, at the concentration of 2,000 mg L^-1(1).

Thumbnail

Table 2:
Estimate of the concentrations (mg L^-1) necessary to cause 50 and 90% mortality (LC₅₀ and LC₉₀, respectively), as well as the confidence interval (CI) of the ethanolic leaf extract from Piper amalago var. medium against Tuta absoluta at different exposure times.

Thumbnail

Table 3:
Means±standard error of duration of the larval stage and of mortality of Tuta absoluta exposed to ethanolic leaf extract from Piper amalago var. medium at the previously-estimated concentration of 1,011 mg L^-1, necessary to cause 50% mortality (LC₅₀).

Thumbnail

Table 4:
Means±standard error of larval weight, mortality, and duration of pupal stage, as well as the sex ratio of emerged adults of Tuta absoluta exposed to ethanolic leaf extract from Piper amalago var. medium at the previously-estimated concentration of 1,011 mg L^-1, necessary to cause 50% mortality (LC₅₀).

Table 1: Means±standard error of Tuta absoluta larval weight and mortality after six days of exposure to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaflets treated with ethanolic leaf extracts from different Piperaceae species, at the concentration of 2,000 mg L^-1(1).

⁽¹⁾
Means followed by different letters, in the columns, differ significantly among treatments according to the general linear model with quasi-binomial distribution, followed by Tukey's post hoc test, at 5% probability.
^ns
Nonsignificant. Temperature, 25±2°C; relative humidity, 60±10%; and photophase, 14 hours.

Table 2: Estimate of the concentrations (mg L^-1) necessary to cause 50 and 90% mortality (LC₅₀ and LC₉₀, respectively), as well as the confidence interval (CI) of the ethanolic leaf extract from Piper amalago var. medium against Tuta absoluta at different exposure times.

⁽¹⁾
n, number of insects tested.
⁽²⁾
χ², Pearson's chi-square value.
⁽³⁾
h, heterogeneity factor. Temperature, 25±2°C; relative humidity, 60±10%; and photophase, 14 hours.
^**
Significant at 1% of probability.

Table 3: Means±standard error of duration of the larval stage and of mortality of Tuta absoluta exposed to ethanolic leaf extract from Piper amalago var. medium at the previously-estimated concentration of 1,011 mg L^-1, necessary to cause 50% mortality (LC₅₀).

⁽¹⁾
Means followed by different letters, in the column, differ significantly among treatments by the general linear model (GLM) with Gaussian distribution, followed by Tukey's post hoc test, at 5% probability.
⁽²⁾
Means followed by different letters, in the column, differ significantly among treatments by the GLM with quasi-binomial distribution, followed by Tukey's post hoc test, at 5% probability.
^ns
Nonsignificant. Temperature, 25±2°C; relative humidity, 60±10%; and photophase, 14 hours.

Table 4: Means±standard error of larval weight, mortality, and duration of pupal stage, as well as the sex ratio of emerged adults of Tuta absoluta exposed to ethanolic leaf extract from Piper amalago var. medium at the previously-estimated concentration of 1,011 mg L^-1, necessary to cause 50% mortality (LC₅₀).

⁽¹⁾
No significant differences by the general linear model (GLM) with Gaussian distribution, at 5% probability.
⁽²⁾
No significant differences by the GLM with a quasi-binomial distribution, at 5% probability.
⁽³⁾
Means followed by different letters, in the column, do not differ significantly by the GLM with Gaussian distribution, followed by Tukey's post hoc test, at 5% probability.
⁽⁴⁾
No significant differences by the GLM with a binomial distribution, at 5% probability.
^ns
Nonsignificant. Temperature, 25±2°C; relative humidity, 60±10%; and photophase, 14 hours.

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Embrapa Secretaria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento; Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira Caixa Postal 040315, 70770-901 Brasília DF Brazil, Tel. +55 61 3448-1813, Fax +55 61 3340-5483 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: pab@embrapa.br

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Bioactivity of Piper extracts on Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato

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[TFN01] ⁽¹⁾
Means followed by different letters, in the columns, differ significantly among treatments according to the general linear model with quasi-binomial distribution, followed by Tukey's post hoc test, at 5% probability.

[TFN02] ^ns
Nonsignificant. Temperature, 25±2°C; relative humidity, 60±10%; and photophase, 14 hours.