Phosphorus forms in leaves and their relationships with must composition and yield in grapevines

Piccin, Rogério; Couto, Rafael da Rosa; Bellinaso, Roque Júnior Sartori; Gatiboni, Luciano Colpo; Conti, Lessandro De; Rodrigues, Lucas Antonio Telles; Michelon, Luiza Somavilla; Kulmann, Matheus Severo de Souza; Brunetto, Gustavo

doi:10.1590/S0100-204X2017000500005

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POMOLOGY • Pesq. agropec. bras. 52 (05) • May 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2017000500005 copy

Phosphorus forms in leaves and their relationships with must composition and yield in grapevines

Formas de fósforo em folhas e suas relações com a composição do mosto e a produção em videiras

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

The objective of this work was to evaluate phosphorus forms in grape leaves and their relationships with must composition and yield in grapevines grown in a Typic Hapludalf with different available P contents. Two experiments were carried out with Vitis viniferacultivars, one with 'Tannat' and the other with 'Cabernet Franc' grapes. Experiment 1 consisted of two vineyards of 'Tannat', with the following P content in the soil: V1, 11.8 mg kg^-1 P; and V2, 34.6 mg kg^-1 P. Experiment 2 consisted of two vineyards of 'Cabernet Franc', with the following P content in the soil: V1, 16.0 mg kg^-1 P; and V2, 37.0 mg kg^-1 P. Leaves were collected at flowering (FL) and veraison (V), and, after their preparation, P forms were evaluated. Yield and must composition were assessed. The highest yield was observed in V2 of experiment 1 and in V2 of experiment 2. Total P content and P forms in leaves at FL and V have no relationship with yield parameters; however, total P content in leaves has a relationship with anthocyanin content in the must of 'Tannat' grapevines. Therefore, P fractionation in leaves predicts neither grapevine yield nor must composition.

Index terms:
Vitis vinifera; chemical fractionation of P in the tissue; grape production; must analysis; phosphorus fertilization.

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[TFN1] ⁽¹⁾Determined according to Tedesco et al. (1995)TEDESCO, M.J.; GIANELLO, C.; BISSANI, C.A.; BOHNEN, H.; VOLKWEISS, S.J. Análises de solo, plantas e outros materiais. 2.ed. rev. e atual. Porto Alegre: UFRGS, 1995. 174p. (UFRGS. Boletim técnico, 5).. ⁽²⁾Extracted by KCl 1 mol L^-1 (Tedesco et al., 1995). ⁽³⁾Extracted by Mehlich-1 (Tedesco et al., 1995). ⁽⁴⁾V1, vineyard 1 of 'Tannat' grapes (11.8 mg P kg^-1). ⁽⁵⁾V2, vineyard 2 of 'Tannat' grapes (34.6 mg P kg^-1). ⁽⁶⁾V1, vineyard 1 of 'Cabernet Franc' grapes (16 mg P kg^-1). ⁽⁷⁾V2, vineyard 2 of 'Cabernet Franc' grapes (37 mg P kg^-1).

Soil property	Experiment 1		Experiment 2
Soil property	V1⁽⁴⁾	V2⁽⁵⁾	V1⁽⁶⁾	V2⁽⁷⁾
Clay, pipette method (g kg^-1)	10	15	10	13
Silt, pipette method (g kg^-1)	12	17	19	14
Sand, pipette method (g kg^-1)	78	68	71	73
Organic matter⁽¹⁾ (g kg^-1)	14	9	8	14
pH in water (1:1 ratio)⁽²⁾	5.3	6.5	6.4	6.2
Exchangeable Ca⁽²⁾ (cmol_c dm^-3)	1.4	1.9	1.3	3.2
Exchangeable Mg⁽²⁾ (cmol_c dm^-3)	0.8	0.6	0.4	1.0
Exchangeable Al⁽²⁾ (cmol_c dm^-3)	0	0	0	0
Available P⁽³⁾ (mg dm^-3)	11.8	34.6	16	37
Exchangeable K⁽³⁾ (mg dm^-3)	100	84	60	124
Cation exchange capacity at 7.0 pH	4.4	3.7	3	5.9
Base saturation (%)	68.1	73.6	62.3	76.4

Must parameter	Experiment 1			Experiment 2
Must parameter	V1⁽²⁾	V2⁽³⁾	CV (%)	V1⁽⁴⁾	V2⁽⁵⁾	CV (%)
Yield (kg ha^-1)	5,420.33b	9,847.50a	16.30	6,767.00b	13,275.53a	14.48
Number of berries per cluster (NB)	108.67a	114.83a	20.72	54.67b	91.50a	16.96
WB (g)	140.32b	172.13a	11.57	151.05a	138.48a	12.67
pH	3.56a	3.58a	2.41	3.77b	3.95a	2.81
TSS (°Brix)	18.40a	18.73a	3.46	17.80a	18.03a	3.81
TA (g 100 mL^-1 in tartaric acid)	1.07a	1.04a	4.49	0.76a	0.53b	3.73
PP (mg L^-1 in gallic acid)	8,861.72b	12,592.18a	17.40	6,056.57a	6,193.47a	19.52
AC (mg L^-1 in malvidin)	2,419.07b	3,257.35a	16.94	781.19a	787.60a	15.70
PM (mg kg^-1)	1,453.33a	1,801.83a	10.68	1,633.88b	2,077.69a	11.56

Phenological stage	P form	Experiment 1			Experiment 2
		V1⁽²⁾	V2⁽³⁾	CV (%)	V1⁽⁴⁾	V2⁽⁵⁾	CV (%)
		-------------(mg kg^-1)-------------		CV (%)	-------------(mg kg^-1)-------------		CV (%)
Flowering	Soluble inorganic P (P_SI)	2,861.0aA	2,584.5aA	7.2	1,705.7bA	2,302.0aA	14.0
Veraison	Soluble inorganic P (P_SI)	1,732.1aB	1,832.7aB	8.5	1,517.7bA	1,955.2aA	15.1
CV (%)		9.1	10.2	-	10.3	9.7	-
Flowering	Soluble organic P (P_SO)	619.6bA	970.8aA	9.3	375.9bA	585.6aA	7.0
Veraison	Soluble organic P (P_SO)	291.3aB	331.7aB	8.2	478.9aA	332.3aB	8.1
CV (%)		7.7	8.3	-	15.2	10.3	-
Flowering	Lipid P (P_LIP)	625.7aA	591.0aA	11.0	608.6aA	612.1aA	11.4
Veraison	Lipid P (P_LIP)	389.0aB	389.0aB	11.2	402.2aB	355.4aB	9.3
CV (%)		10.5	13.2	-	8.6	12.4	-
Flowering	P associated with RNA (P_RNA)	547.2aA	658.6aA	14.6	617.8aA	676.2aA	15.2
Veraison	P associated with RNA (P_RNA)	416.1aB	467.6aB	19.0	494.7aA	483.8aA	16.4
CV (%)		14.3	11.9	-	10.2	11.5	-
Flowering	P associated with RNA (P_DNA)	31.4aA	48.4aA	12.6	40.2aA	42.4aA	4.9
Veraison	P associated with RNA (P_DNA)	52.4aA	49.7aA	13.1	47.7aA	47.7aA	6.2
CV (%)		8.5	9.2	-	5.4	7.1	-
Flowering	Residual P (P_RES)	181.6bA	250.3aA	8.7	164.2aA	159.1aA	14.9
Veraison	Residual P (P_RES)	75.1aB	89.8aB	11.4	71.9aB	86.0aB	10.7
CV (%)		12.1	12.9	-	9.4	8.2	-
Flowering	Total P (P_TOTAL)	4,866.5aA	5,103.6aA	10.2	3,512.3bA	4,377.5aA	14.4
Veraison	Total P (P_TOTAL)	2,956.0aB	3,160.5aB	8.4	3,013.1aA	3,260.4aB	16.1
CV (%)		10.8	11.3	-	12.6	13.9	-