Adaptability and phenotypic stability of sugarcane clones

The objective of this work was to select superior sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) clones with good stability and adaptability, considering the genotype x environment interaction in two productive cycles. Twenty-five early clones plus five control clones were evaluated during two cuts (ratoon cane and plant cane) in 24 environments. A randomized complete block design was used, with three replicates. Tons of stems per hectare and tons of pol per hectare were evaluated. To verify adaptability and stability, the bisegmented regression and the multivariate (AMMI and GGE biplot) methods were used. According to the three methods, which are complementary regarding the desired information, the most promising clones in terms of stability and general adaptability are G5, G12, and G13; the last two are closest to the ideal genotype. The G13 clone is highly productive in favorable and unfavorable environments, presenting the highest averages for ton of stems and pol per hectare. The G3, G4, G10, G15, G17, G18, G22, G23, G25, G26, and G30 clones are not recommended for the 24 evaluated environments.

Index terms:
Saccharum officinarum; AMMI; genotype x environment interaction; GGE biplot

Authorship

Jiuli Ani Vilas Boas Regis

Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Avenida Brasil, Centro, no 56, CEP 15385-000 Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil. E-mail: jiuli_regis@hotmail.com, jandrade@bio.feis.unesp.br, rafaelromo@live.com, hermano.henriques.hh@gmail.comUniversidade Estadual PaulistaBrazilIlha Solteira, SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Avenida Brasil, Centro, no 56, CEP 15385-000 Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil. E-mail: jiuli_regis@hotmail.com, jandrade@bio.feis.unesp.br, rafaelromo@live.com, hermano.henriques.hh@gmail.com

João Antonio da Costa Andrade

Adriano dos Santos

Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, no 2.000, Parque Califórnia, CEP 28013-602 Campo dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. E-mail: adriano.agro84@yahoo.com.br Universidade Estadual do Norte FluminenseBrazilCampo dos Goytacazes, RJ, BrazilUniversidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, no 2.000, Parque Califórnia, CEP 28013-602 Campo dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. E-mail: adriano.agro84@yahoo.com.br

Aparecido Moraes

Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3.037, CEP 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. E-mail: ap.de.moraes@bol.com.br Universidade Federal de LavrasBrazilLavras, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3.037, CEP 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. E-mail: ap.de.moraes@bol.com.br

Rafael William Romo Trindade

Hermano José Ribeiro Henriques

Bruno Henrique Polis

Centro de Tecnologia Canavieira, Santo Antônio, Caixa Postal 162, CEP 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. E-mail: bruno.polis@ctc.com.br, luiz.oliveira@ctc.com.brCentro de Tecnologia CanavieiraBrazilPiracicaba, SP, BrazilCentro de Tecnologia Canavieira, Santo Antônio, Caixa Postal 162, CEP 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. E-mail: bruno.polis@ctc.com.br, luiz.oliveira@ctc.com.br

Luiz Carlos Oliveira

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables | Formulas

Figures (3)
Tables (4)
Formulas (2)

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Figure 1
Biplot analysis of the: multivariate additive main effects and multiplicative interaction 2 (AMMI2) analysis, representing the first (PC1) and second (PC2) principal components of the interaction (A); multivariate additive main effects and multiplicative interaction 1 (AMMI1), representing tons of stem per hectare (TSH) and PC1 (B); and AMMI2 (C) and AMMI1 (D) for tons of pol per hectare (TPH) of 30 sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) clones evaluated in 24 environments (E) in 2014 and 2015.

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Figure 2
Genotype main effects + genotype x environment interaction (GGE) biplot, representing tons of stem per hectare (TSH) (A) and tons of pol per hectare (TPH) (C), as well as averages x stability, indicating the productivity ranking for TSH (B) and TPH (D) of 30 sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) clones evaluated in 24 environments (E) in 2014 and 2015. PC, principal components.

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Figure 3
Genotype main effects + genotype x environment interaction (GGE) biplot comparing the 30 evaluated sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) clones by the estimation of an ideal genotype for tons of stem per hectare (TSH) (A) and tons of pol per hectare (TPH) (B), in 24 environments (E) in 2014 and 2015. PC, principal components.

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Table 1.
Location and identification of the 24 environments used for the evaluation of 30 sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) clones in the 2014 and 2015 harvests.

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Table 2.
Joint analysis of variance for the variables ton of stem per hectare (TSH) and ton of pol per hectare (TPH), evaluated in 30 sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) clones in 24 environments, in 2014 and 2015.

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Table 3.
Mean (β₀), means in unfavorable environments (UE), means in favorable environments (FE), adaptability parameter (β₁), responsiveness (β₁ + β₂), variance of the regression deviations

(σ_{δ}^{2})

, and coefficient of determination (R²) for ton of stems per hectare, estimated by the method of Cruz et al. (1989)CRUZ, C.D.; TORRES, R.A.; VENCOVSKY, R. An alternative approach to the stability analysis proposed by Silva and Barreto. Revista Brasileira de Genética, v.12, p.567-580, 1989., in 30 sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) clones evaluated in 24 environments, in 2014 and 2015.

Thumbnail

Table 4
Mean (β₀), means in unfavorable environments (UE), means in favorable environments (FE), adaptability parameter (β₁), responsiveness (β₁ + β₂), variance of the regression deviations

(σ_{δ}^{2})

, and coefficient of determination (R²) for ton of pol per hectare, estimated by the method of Cruz et al. (1989)CRUZ, C.D.; TORRES, R.A.; VENCOVSKY, R. An alternative approach to the stability analysis proposed by Silva and Barreto. Revista Brasileira de Genética, v.12, p.567-580, 1989., in 30 sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) clones evaluated in 24 environments, in 2014 and 2015.

Thumbnail

Figure 1 Biplot analysis of the: multivariate additive main effects and multiplicative interaction 2 (AMMI2) analysis, representing the first (PC1) and second (PC2) principal components of the interaction (A); multivariate additive main effects and multiplicative interaction 1 (AMMI1), representing tons of stem per hectare (TSH) and PC1 (B); and AMMI2 (C) and AMMI1 (D) for tons of pol per hectare (TPH) of 30 sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) clones evaluated in 24 environments (E) in 2014 and 2015.

Figure 2 Genotype main effects + genotype x environment interaction (GGE) biplot, representing tons of stem per hectare (TSH) (A) and tons of pol per hectare (TPH) (C), as well as averages x stability, indicating the productivity ranking for TSH (B) and TPH (D) of 30 sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) clones evaluated in 24 environments (E) in 2014 and 2015. PC, principal components.

Figure 3 Genotype main effects + genotype x environment interaction (GGE) biplot comparing the 30 evaluated sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) clones by the estimation of an ideal genotype for tons of stem per hectare (TSH) (A) and tons of pol per hectare (TPH) (B), in 24 environments (E) in 2014 and 2015. PC, principal components.

Table 1. Location and identification of the 24 environments used for the evaluation of 30 sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) clones in the 2014 and 2015 harvests.

Municipalities⁽¹⁾	Latitude (S)	Longitude (W)	Altitude (m)
Novo Horizonte, SP	21°29'57"	49°14'16"	440
Santa Albertina, SP	20°09'39"	50°32'51"	410
Piracicaba, SP	22°50'4"	47°28'46"	620
Palestina, SP	20°13'36"	49°40'21"	465
Barra Bonita, SP	22°20'39"	48°18'16"	510
Andradina, SP	20°42'47"	51°15'24"	335
Ivaté, PR	23°22'35"	53°26'49"	400
Mandaguaçu, PR	23°19'41"	52°08'30"	550
Conchal, SP	22°22'18"	47°10'38"	660
Araçatuba, SP	21°06'22"	50°28'32"	375
Maringá, PR	23°24'52"	52°04'57"	545
Pederneiras, SP	22°13'14"	48°49'53"	524
Lins, SP	21°37'17"	49°54'54"	450
Colorado, PR	22°53'27"	51°56'21"	410

⁽¹⁾Brazilian states: SP, São Paulo; and PR, Paraná.

Table 2. Joint analysis of variance for the variables ton of stem per hectare (TSH) and ton of pol per hectare (TPH), evaluated in 30 sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) clones in 24 environments, in 2014 and 2015.

Sources of variation	df⁽¹⁾	TSH	TPH
Blocks/environment	48	396.8197	7.2108
Genotypes (G)	29	3,720.1771**	67.7734**
Environments (E)	23	19,511.6502**	379.6004**
G x E	667	300.0944**	6.1094**
Error	1,392	139.7750	2.6169
Coefficient of variation (%)	-	12.80	13.50
Average (Mg ha^-1)	-	92.03	11.98

⁽¹⁾df, degrees of freedom. **Significant by the F-test, at 1% probability.

Table 3. Mean (β₀), means in unfavorable environments (UE), means in favorable environments (FE), adaptability parameter (β₁), responsiveness (β₁ + β₂), variance of the regression deviations $(σ_{δ}^{2})$ , and coefficient of determination (R²) for ton of stems per hectare, estimated by the method of Cruz et al. (1989)CRUZ, C.D.; TORRES, R.A.; VENCOVSKY, R. An alternative approach to the stability analysis proposed by Silva and Barreto. Revista Brasileira de Genética, v.12, p.567-580, 1989., in 30 sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) clones evaluated in 24 environments, in 2014 and 2015.

Clone	ß₀	UE	FE	ß_1⁽¹⁾	ß_2⁽¹⁾	ß₁ + ß_2⁽¹⁾	$σ_{δ}^{2}$ ⁽²⁾	R² (%)
1	96.37	84.78	106.18	0.84	0.45	1.29	268.80*	68.56
2	88.10	74.45	99.65	1.12	-0.07	1.05	132.82	86.89
3	78.45	67.61	87.63	0.76*	0.23	1.00	296.19*	60.38
4	83.56	68.44	96.36	1.20*	0.09	1.29	327.97*	76.00
5	100.13	86.20	111.92	1.01	-0.16	0.85	309.67*	69.18
6	95.15	82.75	105.64	0.98	0.05	1.02	215.65*	76.10
7	96.51	86.07	105.34	0.81	0.37	1.19	273.89*	66.12
8	95.07	83.22	105.10	0.93	-0.22	0.70	224.25*	72.08
9	94.27	82.91	103.88	0.94	0.88*	1.82*	289.62*	74.22
10	90.09	74.99	102.86	1.15	0.20	1.34	292.45*	76.99
11	88.89	77.68	98.38	0.98	-1.06*	-0.08*	382.68*	61.41
12	102.96	88.94	114.83	1.06	0.44	1.50	132.74	87.10
13	111.85	90.23	130.15	1.64*	-0.56	1.08	469.59*	79.12
14	91.54	81.30	100.20	0.81	0.02	0.83	123.71	79.26
15	82.22	71.15	91.58	0.82	0.07	0.89	229.50*	67.91
16	94.73	80.45	106.82	1.06	0.34	1.40	213.00	80.45
17	88.66	77.05	98.48	0.86	-0.11	0.75	327.16*	61.04
18	91.12	71.49	107.73	1.48*	-0.51	0.97	567.76*	72.01
19	96.31	80.00	110.12	1.29*	-0.32	0.97	168.06	87.01
20	88.79	73.73	101.54	1.18	-0.08	1.10	183.93	84.15
21	98.07	84.34	109.69	1.05	-0.08	0.97	128.52	85.72
22	88.81	75.86	99.77	0.91	-0.26	0.65	178.99	75.77
23	86.85	75.23	96.68	0.88	-0.71*	0.17*	331.83*	59.32
24	96.95	85.12	106.97	0.96	0.34	1.30	338.99*	68.21
25	85.73	69.98	99.06	1.13	-0.50	0.63	105.88	88.75
26	86.09	78.57	92.45	0.71*	-0.32	0.39*	298.44*	52.57
27	98.72	85.29	110.07	1.03	-0.21	0.82	151.14	82.75
28	88.77	74.87	100.54	0.98	0.81*	1.79*	156.70	84.80
29	97.25	83.88	108.56	0.93	0.54	1.46	446.81*	61.67
30	78.91	70.38	86.13	0.50*	0.36	0.86	631.14*	25.75
Overall average	92.03	78.90	103.14	-	-	-	-	-

⁽¹⁾Significant by Student’s t-test. ⁽²⁾Significant by the F-test. ** and *Significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively.

Table 4 Mean (β₀), means in unfavorable environments (UE), means in favorable environments (FE), adaptability parameter (β₁), responsiveness (β₁ + β₂), variance of the regression deviations $(σ_{δ}^{2})$ , and coefficient of determination (R²) for ton of pol per hectare, estimated by the method of Cruz et al. (1989)CRUZ, C.D.; TORRES, R.A.; VENCOVSKY, R. An alternative approach to the stability analysis proposed by Silva and Barreto. Revista Brasileira de Genética, v.12, p.567-580, 1989., in 30 sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) clones evaluated in 24 environments, in 2014 and 2015.

Clone	ß₀	UE	FE	ß_1⁽¹⁾	ß_2⁽¹⁾	ß₁ + ß_2⁽¹⁾	$σ_{δ}^{2}$ ⁽²⁾	R² (%)
1	12.19	10.33	13.76	0.90	-0.07	0.83	4.89**	68.96
2	11.94	9.90	13.67	1.12	0.04	1.17	2.60	87.22
3	9.80	8.28	11.09	0.73**	0.14	0.87	7.60**	50.69
4	11.38	9.11	13.30	1.20	-0.24	0.96	6.85**	73.12
5	12.17	10.48	13.59	0.88	-0.28	0.61	8.26**	54.22
6	11.53	9.87	12.94	0.93	0.27	1.20	5.60**	70.31
7	12.84	11.06	14.34	0.91	0.36	1.27	4.89**	73.01
8	12.66	10.96	14.09	0.91	-0.15	0.77	4.04	73.17
9	12.72	10.96	14.22	1.02	0.93*	1.95**	4.41*	82.57
10	11.72	9.42	13.66	1.17	0.04	1.20	5.96**	76.15
11	12.33	10.62	13.78	1.01	-0.63*	0.38**	9.67**	55.67
12	14.04	12.08	15.70	1.08	0.18	1.26	2.70	86.41
13	13.91	11.07	16.31	1.57**	-0.28	1.29	8.48**	79.30
14	12.08	10.37	13.52	0.93	-0.42	0.51*	3.73	73.85
15	10.53	9.12	11.73	0.77*	0.32	1.09	4.84*	66.32
16	12.45	10.65	13.97	1.01	0.40	1.40	3.27	83.30
17	11.12	9.67	12.35	0.80*	-0.01	0.78	5.52**	61.33
18	11.56	8.77	13.93	1.45**	-0.64*	0.82	11.39**	69.38
19	12.89	10.74	14.71	1.24*	-0.32	0.92	4.12*	82.69
20	11.53	9.41	13.33	1.16	0.02	1.17	4.40*	80.91
21	12.90	11.03	14.48	1.02	-0.39	0.63	2.85	81.90
22	11.23	9.44	12.73	0.89	0.16	1.06	4.22*	73.73
23	11.20	9.48	12.66	0.90	-0.62*	0.28**	7.33**	56.54
24	12.36	10.50	13.94	1.08	-0.30	0.78	4.59*	76.51
25	11.88	9.69	13.74	1.20	-0.45	0.75	2.36	88.32
26	11.28	10.09	12.28	0.69**	-0.12	0.57	7.58**	45.48
27	12.82	10.69	14.62	1.10	-0.28	0.82	2.19	87.72
28	11.50	9.48	13.21	1.06	0.33	1.40	2.85	86.10
29	12.74	11.17	14.07	0.91	0.90**	1.81**	8.64**	66.64
30	10.10	9.56	10.55	0.36**	1.09**	1.45*	10.32**	38.25
Overall average	11.98	10.13	13.54	-	-	-	-	-

⁽¹⁾Significant by Student’s t-test. ⁽²⁾Significant by the F-test. ** and *Significant at 1 and 5% probability, respectively.

σ_{δ}^{2}

σ_{δ}^{2}

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Adaptability and phenotypic stability of sugarcane clones

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[TFN1] ⁽¹⁾Brazilian states: SP, São Paulo; and PR, Paraná.