Land uses |
Description |
Native forest (NF) |
Natural system of approximately 40 years without any type of human intervention. |
Shade trees for cultivation (STC) |
Agroforestry system established for 24 years, which combines the trees paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke), rubber [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.], and peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) with the fruit tree copoazú [Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K.Schum.]. |
Improved fallow (IF) |
Agroforestry system established for 20 years, composed of species that naturally regenerate such as peine mono [Apeiba membranacea (Spruce ex Benth.)], snakewood (Cecropia peltata L.), boca de indio [Piptocoma discolor (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Pruski], and tachuelo (Lacmellea edulis H. Karst); enriched with peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth), ice cream bean (Inga edulis Mart.), arazá (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh), copoazú [Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K.Schum.] and pataxte (Theobroma bicolor Humb. & Bonpl.). |
Cropping in alleys 1 (CA1) |
Agroforestry system implemented for 20 years, in which timber tree seed were sown in rows, with a predominance of the species Amazon tree-grape (Pourouma cecropiifolia Mart.), associated with cedro (Cedrela odorata L.), higuerón (Ficus luschnathiana Miq.), boca de indio [Piptocoma discolor (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Pruski], white chilco (Miconia appendiculata Triana), laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), gamhar (Gmelina arborea Roxb ex Sm.), ice cream bean (Inga edulis Mart.), guacharaco (Cupania cinerea Poepp. & Endl.) and lacre (Vismia angosta); between the rows are arazá (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh) and copoazú [Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K.Schum.]. The system is geogaphically located near water bodies. |
Cropping in alleys 2 (CA2) |
Agroforestry system established for 25 years, in which the tree seed were sown in rows with a predominance of the species peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) and rubber [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.], achapo [Cedrelinga cateniformis (Ducke) Ducke] is found at a low density, yarumo (Cecropia peltata L.), and ice cream bean (Inga edulis Mart.); between the rows are cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), arazá (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh) and copoazú [Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K.Schum.]. |
Cropping in forest plantation 1 (CFP1) |
Agroforestry system established for 24 years, with a predominance of a type of rubber tree ([Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.] characterized by its broad leaves, associated with the fruit trees copoazú [Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K.Schum.] and arazá (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh). |
Cropping in forest plantation 2 (CFP2) |
Agroforestry system established for 24 years, with a predominance of a type of rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.] characterized by its small leaves, associated with the fruit trees arazá (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh) and copoazú [Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K.Schum.]. Because the canopy of the system allows of a constant radiation to enter, pioneer vegetation develops and, consequently, clearing activities and the use of herbicides are performed within the system at least twice a year. |
Cropping in forest plantation 3 (CFP3) |
Agroforestry system implemented for 21 years, composed of the species huito (Genipa Americana L.), bilibil [Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer], higuerón (Ficus luschnathiana Miq.), wild cashew [Anacardium excelsum (Kunth) Skeels], Honduran mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King.), laurel [Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken)], tachuelo (Lacmellea edulis H. Karst), Juan soco (Couma macrocarpa Barb.Rodr.), and sangre toro [Virola elongata (Benth.) Warb], associated with the fruit trees copoazú [Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K.Schum.], arazá (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh), and plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.). The system is geogaphically located near water bodies. Some areas of the system experience floods during periods of maximum precipitation. |
Home garden (HG) |
Agroforestry system implemented for 26 years that combines diverse fruit trees such as copoazú [Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K.Schum.], pataxte (Theobroma bicolor Bonpl.), custard apple (Annona cherimola Miller), borojó (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrec.), cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), mango (Mangifera indica L.), and peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth); Colombian mahogany (Cariniana pyriformis Miers), wild cashew [Anacardium excelsum (Kunth) Skeels], chingale [Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D.Don.], and capirona (Capirona decorticans Spruce) are found in low densities. |
Forest plantation 1 (FP1) |
Agroforestry system implemented for 18 years, and characterized by a predominance of the species Colombian mahogany (Cariniana pyriformis Miers), and some species found at low densities such as cedro (Cedrela odorata L.), Honduran mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King), carbon (Zygia longifolia [Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Britton & Rose], bilibil [Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer], saman [Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.], pink trumpet tree [Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC.], higuerón (Ficus luschnathiana Miq.), and arazá (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh). The system is geographically located near water bodies. Some areas of the system experience floods during periods of maximum precipitation. |
Forest plantation 2 (FP2) |
Agroforestry system implemented for 18 years, characterized by a predominance of the species black manwood (Minquartia guianensis Aubl.), associated with arazá (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh) and the Amazon tree-grape (Pourouma cecropiifolia Mart.). The system is geogaphically located near water bodies. |
Natural regeneration (NR) |
Natural regeneration of 15 years, composed of the species Amazon tree-grape (Pourouma cecropiifolia Mart.), cedro (Cedrela odorata L.), laurel (Laurus nobilis), ice cream bean (Inga edulis Mart.), white chilco (Miconia appendiculata Triana), black chilco (Miconia elata (Sw.) DC.), yarumo (Cecropia peltata L.), and achapo [Cedrelinga cateniformis (Ducke) Ducke]. |
Silvipastoral system (SSP) |
Silvipastoral system established for 13 years, in which the shade trees gamhar (Gmelina arborea Roxb ex Sm.), carbon [Zygia longifolia [Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Britton & Rose], boca de indio [Piptocoma discolor (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Pruski], and guayabo coronillo (Bellucia pentamera Naudin) were incorporated in pastures in a circular area of 100 m diameter. Animals seeking shade and a place to rest frequently concentrate under the tree canopy. |
Pasture (PA) |
Conventional system composed of the grasses Urochloa decumbens and Urochloa humidicola. |