Performance of 'Vitória' pineapple in response to different types of shoots and ages of floral induction

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of shoot types and plant ages for floral induction on the performance of 'Vitória' pineapple (Ananas comosus). The experiment was carried out from April 2015 to December 2016, using shoots of two different classifications (slips of 100 to 200 g and suckers of 201 to 300 g). Artificial floral induction was performed at the eighth, tenth, and twelfth months after planting, and natural induction was also evaluated. Evaluations for vegetative development, phenology, and productivity were performed. A significant interaction was observed between the studied factors for width and area of the “D” leaf. Shoot type did not influence productivity. Natural flowering extended the crop cycle by 617 days. The induction performed at the eighth month anticipated harvest by up to 167 days. Earlier inductions reduced productivity by 58.15% due to the reduction of fruit mass. Naturally induced plants produced larger fruit ranging from 1.0 to 1.2 kg. Inductions from the eighth to the tenth month promote harvesting in more favorable seasons.

Index terms:
Ananas comosus; flowering; production scheduling

Authorship

Dayane Littig Barker ^**Corresponding author: dayanelittig@hotmail.com

Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Rodovia BR-101 Norte, Km 60, CEP 29932-540 São Mateus, ES, Brazil. E-mail: dayanelittig@hotmail.com, e.romais.s@gmail.comUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoBrazilSão Mateus, ES, Brazil Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Rodovia BR-101 Norte, Km 60, CEP 29932-540 São Mateus, ES, Brazil. E-mail: dayanelittig@hotmail.com, e.romais.s@gmail.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0399-160X

Sara Dousseau Arantes

Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, Caixa Postal 62, CEP 29900-970 Linhares, ES, Brazil. E-mail: sara.arantes@incaper.es.gov.br, ventura@incaper.es.gov.br, lucio.arantes@incaper.es.gov.br, jsmifonseca@gmail.com, basiliocerri@yahoo.com.br, stanleybbuffon@gmail.comInstituto Capixaba de PesquisaBrazilLinhares, ES, Brazil Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, Caixa Postal 62, CEP 29900-970 Linhares, ES, Brazil. E-mail: sara.arantes@incaper.es.gov.br, ventura@incaper.es.gov.br, lucio.arantes@incaper.es.gov.br, jsmifonseca@gmail.com, basiliocerri@yahoo.com.br, stanleybbuffon@gmail.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6202-4153

Edilson Romais Schmildt

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3457-7997

José Aires Ventura

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1422-1739

Lúcio de Oliveira Arantes

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7266-6563

Jasmini Fonseca da Silva

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9642-9909

Basílio Cerri Neto

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5778-6185

Stanley Bravo Buffon

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-2695

Patrícia Soares Furno Fontes

Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, Campus Itapina, Rodovia BR-259, Km 70, Zona Rural, CEP 29709-910 Colatina, ES, Brazil. E-mail: patricia.fontes@ifes.edu.brInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito SantoBrazilColatina, ES, Brazil Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, Campus Itapina, Rodovia BR-259, Km 70, Zona Rural, CEP 29709-910 Colatina, ES, Brazil. E-mail: patricia.fontes@ifes.edu.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6920-7665

*Corresponding author: dayanelittig@hotmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (3)
Tables (2)

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Figure 1.
Total rainfall, relative humidity, and average, maximum, and minimum temperatures recorded at the weather station in the municipality of Linhares, in the state of Espírito Santo, from April/2015 to December/2016.

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Figure 2.
Total mass of 'Vitória' pineapple (Ananas comosus) fruit, planted in April 2015, originally from slip and sucker shoots artificially induced at 8, 10, 12 months after planting, and natural induction. Bars represent the standard error of the mean.

Thumbnail

Figure 3.
Cycle of 'Vitória' pineapple (Ananas comosus) with 100 to 200g slip shoot (A), and 201 to 300g sucker shoot (B) artificially induced, at 8, 10, 12 months after planting, and natural flowering.

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Table 1.
Vegetative development and yield of 'Vitória' pineapple (Ananas comosus) in response to the different types of shoots and ages of floral induction⁽¹⁾.

Thumbnail

Table 2.
Planting to harvest onset period in days, floral induction to harvest onset, harvest duration, and thermal sum of 'Vitória' pineapple (Ananas comosus) plants in response to the different types of shoots and ages of floral induction⁽¹⁾.

Figure 1. Total rainfall, relative humidity, and average, maximum, and minimum temperatures recorded at the weather station in the municipality of Linhares, in the state of Espírito Santo, from April/2015 to December/2016.

Figure 2. Total mass of 'Vitória' pineapple (Ananas comosus) fruit, planted in April 2015, originally from slip and sucker shoots artificially induced at 8, 10, 12 months after planting, and natural induction. Bars represent the standard error of the mean.

Figure 3. Cycle of 'Vitória' pineapple (Ananas comosus) with 100 to 200g slip shoot (A), and 201 to 300g sucker shoot (B) artificially induced, at 8, 10, 12 months after planting, and natural flowering.

Table 1. Vegetative development and yield of 'Vitória' pineapple (Ananas comosus) in response to the different types of shoots and ages of floral induction⁽¹⁾.

Shoot	Induction age				Mean
Shoot	8 months	10 months	12 months	Natural	Mean
	“D” leaf length (cm)
Slip (100-200 g)	55.46	63.46	65.52	60.98	61.36A
Sucker (201-300 g)	58.79	56.17	67.29	59.85	60.53A
Mean	57.12b	59.82b	66.41a	60.42b
CV (%)_{Shoot type}	8.19
CV (%)_{Induction age}	6.44
	“D” leaf width (cm)
Slip (100-200 g)	5.03Aa	4.97Aa	4.28Ab	3.58Ac
Sucker (201-300 g)	5.04Aa	4.28Bb	4.30Ab	3.53Ac
CV (%)_{Shoot type}	1.73
CV (%)_{Induction age}	6.08
	Total leaf area (cm²)
Slip (100-200 g)	4906.47Aa	5591.76Aa	4974.96Aa	3686.19Ab
Sucker (201-300 g)	5067.78Aa	4241.75Bab	5112.84Aa	3547.76Ab
CV (%)_{Shoot type}	12.13
CV (%)_{Induction age}	11.8
	Number of leaves
Slip (100-200 g)	26.76	31.54	37.73	47.22	35.81A
Sucker (201-300 g)	27.68	28.31	39.07	45.71	35.19A
Mean	27.22c	29.92c	38.40b	46.47a
CV (%)_{Shoot type}	13.57
CV (%)_{Induction age}	14.79
	Yield (Mg ha^-1)
Slip (100-200 g)	25.41	34.69	38.99	55.60	38.67A
Sucker (201-300 g)	21.58	25.31	28.62	56.67	33.05A
Mean	23.49c	30.00bc	33.81b	56.13a
CV (%)_{Shoot type}	29.69
CV (%)_{Induction age}	18.79

⁽¹⁾
Means followed by equal letters, uppercase in the columns and lowercase in the lines, do not differ by Tukey’s test, at 5% of probability.

Table 2. Planting to harvest onset period in days, floral induction to harvest onset, harvest duration, and thermal sum of 'Vitória' pineapple (Ananas comosus) plants in response to the different types of shoots and ages of floral induction⁽¹⁾.

Shoot	Induction age				Mean
Shoot	8 months	10 months	12 months	Natural⁽²⁾	Mean
	Dec./2015	Feb./2016	May/2016
	Planting to harvest onset (days)
Slip (100-200 g)	388.07	472.34	553.65	597.35	502.85A
Sucker (201-300 g)	392.81	481.58	561.41	592.03	506.96A
Mean	390.44d	476.96c	557.53b	594.69a
CV (%)_{Shoot type}	0.80
CV (%)_{Induction age}	1.06
	Floral induction to harvest onset (days)
Slip (100-200 g)	152.07	172.34	174.65	-	166.35B
Sucker (201-300 g)	156.81	181.58	182.41	-	173.60A
Mean	154.44b	176.96a	178.53a	-
CV (%)_{Shoot type}	1.36
CV (%)_{Induction age}	3.28
	Harvest duration (days)
Slip (100-200g)	23.75	32.75	40.50	19.75	29.19A
Sucker (201-300g)	31.25	27.75	47.50	21.50	32.00A
Mean	27.5b	30.25b	44.00a	20.62b
CV (%)_{Shoot type}	32.44
CV (%)_{Induction age}	29.70
	Thermal sum of floral induction to harvest onset (degree- days)
Slip (100-200 g)	1,595.9	1,410.9	1,056.1	-	1,354.3A
Sucker (201-300 g)	1,608.4	1,425.4	1,187.7	-	1,407.2A
Mean	1,602.2a	1,418.2b	1,121.9c	-
CV (%)_{Shoot type}	3.63
CV (%)_{Induction age}	5.34
	Thermal sum of planting to harvest onset (degree-days)
Slip (100-200 g)	3,499.2	4,034.3	4,545.8	5,007.2	4,271.6B
Sucker (201-300 g)	3,512.2	4,050.4	4,676.9	5,006.8	4,311.6A
Mean	3,505.7d	4,042.3c	4,611.4b	5,007.0a
CV (%)_{Shoot type}	0.76
CV (%)_{Induction age}	1.70

⁽¹⁾
Means followed by equal letters, uppercase in the columns and lowercase in the lines, do not differ by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability. ⁽²⁾ - Not determined.

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Performance of 'Vitória' pineapple in response to different types of shoots and ages of floral induction

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[1] *Corresponding author: dayanelittig@hotmail.com